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Determination And Production Of An Optimal Neutron Energy Spectrum For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
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Book Synopsis Determination and Production of an Optimal Neutron Energy Spectrum for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy by : Darren Leo Bleuel
Download or read book Determination and Production of an Optimal Neutron Energy Spectrum for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy written by Darren Leo Bleuel and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spectral Tailoring for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy by : Victor Alexander Nievaart
Download or read book Spectral Tailoring for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy written by Victor Alexander Nievaart and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first clinical trials on Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in the 1950s, BNCT research has been mainly focussed on the treatment of (deep-seated) brain tumours, in particular, glioblastoma multiforme. Promising work to treat other cancers at other locations and even other diseases are in progress. Therefore, the chemists, medical doctors, physicists and biologists involved in BNCT are not only continuing to investigate and improve the (brain) clinical results, but are also investigating the new applications in BNCT. The work presented in this thesis is in the field of physics and deals, from three different viewpoints, with obtaining the optimal source neutron energy to optimise BNCT. The optimal source neutron energy is defined such as to obtain as many as possible (n, a)-absorptions due to 10B in the tumours and as low as possible total neutron dose in the healthy tissues and organs at risk
Book Synopsis Optimized Accelerator Based Epithermal Neutron Beams for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy by : Rajat Kudchadker
Download or read book Optimized Accelerator Based Epithermal Neutron Beams for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy written by Rajat Kudchadker and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boron Neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a form of radiation therapy in which nuclides having a high tendency for capturing thermal neutrons, react by emitting charged particles of short range and leaving essentially no residual radioactivity. If these capture nuclides are selectively introduced into the tumor cells, it is theoretically possible to destroy only the tumor and in the process spare the neighboring healthy tissue. Currently, reactors are the only known source of neutrons being used for BNCT. A number of studies have been done using Monte Carlo computer codes such as MCNP to determine an optimum design of a moderator reflector configuration for an accelerator based neutron source utilizing the Li-7(p, n)Be-7 reaction. To confirm this, benchmark experiments were conducted using both a 2.0 MeV Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator and a 2.0 MeV Van de Graaff generator. All previous studies had concluded that 2.5 MeV protons would be optimum, which produces neutron having a maximum energy of 787 keV. For BNCT the desired neutron energies are between 1 eV and nominally 10 keV, i.e. in the epithermal region. These neutrons must hence be moderated to bring them down to the desired energy range. The moderator-reflector assemblies for reactor neutrons or those from 2.5 MeV protons on lithium require a little less than a meter of material to achieve the desired neutron spectrum. This research work focuses on using protons with energies just above the Li-7(p, n)Be-7 reaction threshold. These lower energy protons produce neutrons with a maximum energy of just a few hundred keV requiring much less moderation as compared to the 2.5 MeV proton lithium source. The penalty for the low energy neutron spectrum is the low yield of neutrons per proton as compared to the 2.5 MeV protons on lithium. But, less moderation implies that the patient can be moved closer to the lithium target (neutron source), thus making a more efficient use of the source neutrons. This would partially or wholly compensate for the lower yield per proton. In addition the smaller moderator-reflector assembly would result in less scattering occurring, thereby not degrading the forward directional quality of the beam as much as in current assemblies designed for use with the 2.5 MeV protons on a lithium target.
Book Synopsis Advances in Neutron Capture Therapy by : R.F. Barth
Download or read book Advances in Neutron Capture Therapy written by R.F. Barth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Binary systems for the treatment of cancer potentially are among the most attractive of the new therapeutic modalities that currently are under investigation. The basicconcept is to selectivelydestroy malignantcells whileconcomitantlysparing normal tissue. Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is the binary system that has been the subject of the Fifth International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy, which was held September13-17, 1992, in Columbus, Ohio, undertheauspicesoftheInternational Society for Neutron Capture Therapy. Its objective was to bring together researchers from throughout the world and to provide a forum at which they could present the latest advances in the development of Neutron capture therapy. Neutron capture therapy has largely, but not exclusively, focused on the use of boron-10 as the target nuclide. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the nuclear reaction that occurs when the stable isotope, boron-10, absorbs low-energy non ionizing thermal neutrons to yield alphaparticles and recoiling lithium-7 nuclei. The size and energy of these high linear energy transfer (LET) particles result in their being confined largely to the cells in which the capture reaction occurs. For BNCT to be successful, a sufficient numberof I~atoms mustbe localized within neoplastic cells, and enough thermal neutrons must be delivered and absorbed by the I~ to produce a lethal 1~(n,QVLi reaction. Two major problems must be surmounted.
Book Synopsis Frontiers in Neutron Capture Therapy by : M. Frederick Hawthorne
Download or read book Frontiers in Neutron Capture Therapy written by M. Frederick Hawthorne and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 1389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontiers in Neutron Capture Therapy contains current research results originally presented at the Eighth International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer in La Jolla, CA. This comprehensive collection of peer-reviewed manuscripts is showcased in two volumes covering all aspects of the development of this multidisciplinary approach to cancer therapy. Volume I of this work includes clinical results and current progress in treatment planning, neutron sources and dosimetry, while Volume II presents the synthesis, pharmacology and tissue-targeting design of boron compounds, including work on preclinical dosimetry and radiobiology. Intended for researchers and clinicians involved with or interested in new modes of cancer therapy, this volume will also serve as a useful guideline for scientists, students, and practitioners in the field.
Book Synopsis Determination of the Neutron Spectrum by Means of Boron Absorption by : Bertel Grimeland
Download or read book Determination of the Neutron Spectrum by Means of Boron Absorption written by Bertel Grimeland and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neutron Beam Design, Development, and Performance for Neutron Capture Therapy by : Otto K. Harling
Download or read book Neutron Beam Design, Development, and Performance for Neutron Capture Therapy written by Otto K. Harling and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For this Workshop, the organizers have attempted to invite experts from all known centers which are engaged in neutron beam development for neutron capture therapy. The Workshop was designed around a series of nineteen invited papers which dealt with neutron source design and development and beam characterization and performance. Emphasis was placed on epithermal beams because they offer clinical advantages and are more challenging to implement than thermal beams. Fission reactor sources were the basis for the majority of the papers; however three papers dealt with accelerator neutron sources. An additional three invited papers provided a summary of clinical results of Ncr therapy in Japan between 1968 and 1989 and overviews of clinical considerations for neutron capture therapy and of the status of tumor targeting chemical agents for Ncr. Five contributed poster papers dealing with NCT beam design and performance were also presented. A rapporteurs' paper was prepared after the Workshop to attempt to summarize the major aspects, issues, and conclusions which resulted from this Workshop. Many people contributed to both the smooth functioning of the Workshop and to the preparation of these proceedings. Special thanks are reserved for Ms. Dorothy K.
Book Synopsis On the Optimal Energy of Incident Neutrons in Neutron-capture Therapy by :
Download or read book On the Optimal Energy of Incident Neutrons in Neutron-capture Therapy written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Wolfgang A.G. Sauerwein Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642313345 Total Pages :545 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (423 download)
Book Synopsis Neutron Capture Therapy by : Wolfgang A.G. Sauerwein
Download or read book Neutron Capture Therapy written by Wolfgang A.G. Sauerwein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-05 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is based on the ability of the non-radioactive isotope boron-10 to capture thermal neutrons with very high probability and immediately to release heavy particles with a path length of one cell diameter, which in principle allows for tumor cell-selective high-LET particle radiotherapy. This book provides a comprehensive summary of the progress made in NCT in recent years. Individual sections cover all important aspects, including neutron sources, boron chemistry, drugs for NCT, dosimetry, and radiation biology. The use of NCT in a variety of malignancies and also some non-malignant diseases is extensively discussed. NCT is clearly shown to be a promising modality at the threshold of wider clinical application. All of the chapters are written by experienced specialists in language that will be readily understood by all participating disciplines.
Book Synopsis Neutron Generators for Analytical Purposes by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Neutron Generators for Analytical Purposes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Radiation Technology Repo. This book was released on 2012 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication addresses recent developments in neutron generator (NG) technology. It presents information on compact instruments with high neutron yield to be used for neutron activation analysis (NAA) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis in combination with high count rate spectrometers. Traditional NGs have been shown to be effective for applications including borehole logging, homeland security, nuclear medicine and the on-line analysis of aluminium, coal and cement. Pulsed fast thermal neutron analysis, as well as tagged and timed neutron analysis, are additional techniques which can be applied using NG. Furthermore, NG can effectively be used for elemental analysis and is also effective for analysis of hidden materials by neutron radiography. Useful guidelines for developing NG based research laboratories are also provided in this publication.
Book Synopsis Experimental Method of Neutron Spectra Determination with Activation Foils by : C. Morin
Download or read book Experimental Method of Neutron Spectra Determination with Activation Foils written by C. Morin and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) studies, a research program has been carried out to design an epithermal neutron beam (1 eV - 10 keV range) inside the ISIS experimental reactor at Saclay. Aluminium beam tubes were specially manufactured to be fitted with different screens. The main goal of this study is to compare different filters in order to reach at the beam exit the best epithermal selectivity. A calculation scheme was validated to simulate the device response by a Monte Carlo calculation code (TRIPOLI 3) and required a measurement campaign to compare experimental spectra with calculated ones. An experimental method of spectra determination was performed to provide quickly an approximate spectrum shape in the epithermal range. This method confirmed the calculation scheme at each neutron beam interface with eight different foils (five in the epithermal range). Therefore, filters research was performed exclusively by calculations and led us to define a final set of screens.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Accelerator Based Neutron Spectra for BNCT Using Proton Recoil Spectroscopy by :
Download or read book Analysis of Accelerator Based Neutron Spectra for BNCT Using Proton Recoil Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a promising binary treatment modality for high-grade primary brain tumors (glioblastoma multiforme, GM) and other cancers. BNCT employs a boron-10 containing compound that preferentially accumulates in the cancer cells in the brain. Upon neutron capture by 1°B energetic alpha particles and triton released at the absorption site kill the cancer cell. In order to gain penetration depth in the brain Fairchild proposed, for this purpose, the use of energetic epithermal neutrons at about 10 keV. Phase 1/2 clinical trials of BNCT for GM are underway at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor (BMRR) and at the MIT Reactor, using these nuclear reactors as the source for epithermal neutrons. In light of the limitations of new reactor installations, e.g. cost, safety and licensing, and limited capability for modulating the reactor based neutron beam energy spectra, alternative neutron sources are being contemplated for wider implementation of this modality in a hospital environment. For example, accelerator based neutron sources offer the possibility of tailoring the neutron beams, in terms of improved depth-dose distributions, to the individual and offer, with relative ease, the capability of modifying the neutron beam energy and port size. In previous work new concepts for compact accelerator/target configuration were published. In this work, using the Van de Graaff accelerator the authors have explored different materials for filtering and reflecting neutron beams produced by irradiating a thick Li target with 1.8 to 2.5 MeV proton beams. However, since the yield and the maximum neutron energy emerging from the Li-7(p, n)Be-7 reaction increase with increase in the proton beam energy, there is a need for optimization of the proton energy versus filter and shielding requirements to obtain the desired epithermal neutron beam. The MCNP-4A computer code was used for the initial design studies that were verified with benchmark experiments using a proton recoil spectroscopy detection system. Comparison was also made between in phantom 1°BF3 readings made at the BMRR and those made at the RARAF accelerator facility.
Book Synopsis Optimal Neutron Source & Beam Shaping Assembly for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy by :
Download or read book Optimal Neutron Source & Beam Shaping Assembly for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There were three objectives to this project: (1) The development of the 2-D Swan code for the optimization of the nuclear design of facilities for medical applications of radiation, radiation shields, blankets of accelerator-driven systems, fusion facilities, etc. (2) Identification of the maximum beam quality that can be obtained for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) from different reactor-, and accelerator-based neutron sources. The optimal beam-shaping assembly (BSA) design for each neutron source was also to e obtained. (3) Feasibility assessment of a new neutron source for NCT and other medical and industrial applications. This source consists of a state-of-the-art proton or deuteron accelerator driving and inherently safe, proliferation resistant, small subcritical fission assembly.
Book Synopsis Using the TREAT Reactor in Support of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) Experiments by :
Download or read book Using the TREAT Reactor in Support of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical feasibility of using the TREAT reactor facility for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) research was assessed. Using one-dimensional neutronics calculations, it was shown that the TREAT core neutron spectrum can be filtered to reduce the undesired radiation (contamination) dose per desired neutron more effectively than can the core spectra from two prominent candidate reactors. Using two-dimensional calculations, it was demonstrated that a non-optimized filter replacing the TREAT thermal column can yield a fluence of desired-energy neutrons more than twice as large as the fluence believed to be required and, at the same time, have a contamination dose per desired neutron almost as low as that from any other candidate facility. The time, effort and cost required to adapt TREAT for a mission supporting BNCT research would be modest.
Book Synopsis Neutron Spectrum Measurement for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy by : Jameel Hefne
Download or read book Neutron Spectrum Measurement for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy written by Jameel Hefne and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neutron Dosimetry in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy by :
Download or read book Neutron Dosimetry in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent development of various borated compounds and the utilization of one of these (Na2B12H11SH) to treat brain tumors in clinical studies in Japan has renewed interest in neutron capture therapy. In these procedures thermal neutrons interact with 1°B in boron containing cells through the 1°B(n, .cap alpha.)7Li reaction producing charged particles with a maximum range of approx. 10.mu.m in tissue. Borated analogs of chlorpromazine, porphyrin, thiouracil and deoxyuridine promise improved tumor uptake and blood clearance. The therapy beam from the Medical Research Reactor in Brookhaven contains neutrons from a modified and filtered fission spectrum and dosimetric consequences of the use of the above mentioned compounds in conjunction with thermal and epithermal fluxes are discussed in the paper. One of the important problems of radiation dosimetry in capture therapy is determination of the flux profile and, hence, the dose profile in the brain. This has been achieved by constructing a brain phantom made of TE plastic. The lyoluminescence technique provides a convenient way of monitoring the neutron flux distributions; the detectors for this purpose utilize 6Li and 1°B compounds. Such compounds have been synthesized specially for the purpose of dosimetry of thermal and epithermal beams. In addition, standard lyoluminescent phosphors, like glutamine, could be used to determine the collisional component of the dose as well as the contribution of the 14N(n, p)14C reaction. Measurements of thermal flux were compared with calculations and with measurements done with activation foils.
Book Synopsis Neutron Tube Design Study for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Application by :
Download or read book Neutron Tube Design Study for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Application written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio-frequency (RF) driven ion sources are being developed in Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for sealed-accelerator-tube neutron generator application. By using a 5-cm-diameter RF-driven multicusp source H yields over 95% have been achieved. These experimental findings will enable one to develop compact neutron generators based on the D-D or D-T fusion reactions. In this new neutron generator, the ion source, the accelerator and the target are all housed in a sealed metal container without external pumping. Recent moderator design simulation studies have shown that 14 MeV neutrons could be moderated to therapeutically useful energy ranges for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The dose near the center of the brain with optimized moderators is about 65% higher than the dose obtained from a typical neutron spectrum produced by the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor (BMRR), and is comparable to the dose obtained by other accelerator-based neutron sources. With a 120 keV and 1 A deuteron beam, a treatment time of (almost equal to)35 minutes is estimated for BNCT.
