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Detailed Modeling And Laser Induced Fluorescence Imaging Of Nitric Oxide In A Nhi Seeded Non Premixed Methane
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Book Synopsis Detailed Modeling and Laser-induced Fluorescence Imaging of Nitric Oxide in a NH(i)-seeded Non-premixed Methane by :
Download or read book Detailed Modeling and Laser-induced Fluorescence Imaging of Nitric Oxide in a NH(i)-seeded Non-premixed Methane written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we study the formation of NO in laminar, nitrogen diluted methane diffusion flames that are seeded with ammonia in the fuel stream. We have performed numerical simulations with detailed chemistry as well as laser-induced fluorescence imaging measurements for a range of ammonia injection rates. For comparison with the experimental data, synthetic LIF images are calculated based on the numerical data accounting for temperature and fluorescence quenching effects. We demonstrate good agreement between measurements and computations. The LIF corrections inferred from the simulation are then used to calculate absolute NO mole fractions from the measured signal. The NO formation in both doped and undoped flames occurs in the flame sheet. In the undoped flame, four different mechanisms including thermal and prompt NO appear to contribute to NO formation. As the NH3 seeding level increases, fuel-NO becomes the dominant mechanism and N2 shifts from being a net reactant to being a net product. Nitric oxide in the undoped flame as well as in the core region of the doped flames are underpredicted by the model; we attribute this mainly to inaccuracies in the NO recycling chemistry on the fuel-rich side of the flame sheet.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721932153 Total Pages :202 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (321 download)
Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide in Counterflow Diffusion Flames by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide in Counterflow Diffusion Flames written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feasibility of making quantitative nonintrusive NO concentration ([NO]) measurements in nonpremixed flames has been assessed by obtaining laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of [NO] in counterflow diffusion flames at atmospheric and higher pressures. Comparisons at atmospheric pressure between laser-saturated fluorescence (LSF) and linear LIF measurements in four diluted ethane-air counterflow diffusion flames with strain rates from 5 to 48/s yielded excellent agreement from fuel-lean to moderately fuel-rich conditions, thus indicating the utility of a model-based quenching correction technique, which was then extended to higher pressures. Quantitative LIF measurements of [NO] in three diluted methane-air counterflow diffusion flames with strain rates from 5 to 35/s were compared with OPPDIF model predictions using the GRI (version 2.11) chemical kinetic mechanism. The comparisons revealed that the GRI mechanism underpredicts prompt-NO by 30-50% at atmospheric pressure. Based on these measurements, a modified reaction rate coefficient for the prompt-NO initiation reaction was proposed which causes the predictions to match experimental data. Temperature measurements using thin filament pyrometry (TFP) in conjunction with a new calibration method utilizing a near-adiabatic H2-air Hencken burner gave very good comparisons with model predictions in these counterflow diffusion flames. Quantitative LIF measurements of [NO] were also obtained in four methane-air counterflow partially-premixed flames with fuel-side equivalence ratios (phi(sub B)) of 1.45, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0. The measurements were in excellent agreement with model predictions when accounting for radiative heat loss. Spatial separation between regions dominated by the prompt and thermal NO mechanisms was observed in the phi(sub B) = 1.45 flame. The modified rate coefficient proposed earlier for the prompt-NO initiation reaction improved agreement between code predictions and measurements in the re
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781724277794 Total Pages :244 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (777 download)
Book Synopsis Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide in High-Pressure Premixed Flames by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide in High-Pressure Premixed Flames written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-25 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) has been applied to the quantitative measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in premixed, laminar, high-pressure flames. Their chemistry was also studied using three current kinetics schemes to determine the predictive capabilities of each mechanism with respect to NO concentrations. The flames studied were low-temperature (1600 less than T less than 1850K) C2H6/O2/N2 and C2H6/O2/N2 flames, and high temperature (2100 less than T less than 2300K) C2H6/O2/N2 flames. Laser-saturated fluorescence (LSF) was initially used to measure the NO concentrations. However, while the excitation transition was well saturated at atmospheric pressure, the fluorescence behavior was basically linear with respect to laser power at pressures above 6 atm. Measurements and calculations demonstrated that the fluorescence quenching rate variation is negligible for LIF measurements of NO at a given pressure. Therefore, linear LIF was used to perform quantitative measurements of NO concentration in these high-pressure flames. The transportability of a calibration factor from one set of flame conditions to another also was investigated by considering changes in the absorption and quenching environment for different flame conditions. The feasibility of performing LIF measurements of (NO) in turbulent flames was studied; the single-shot detection limit was determined to be 2 ppm. Reisel, John R. and Laurendeau, Normand M. Unspecified Center NASA-CR-195404, E-9248, NAS 1.26:195404 NAG3-1038; RTOP 537-02-20...
Book Synopsis Nitric Oxide Concentration and Fluorescence Lifetime in Non-premixed Atmospheric Pressure Flames by : James Joshua Driscoll
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Concentration and Fluorescence Lifetime in Non-premixed Atmospheric Pressure Flames written by James Joshua Driscoll and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721932672 Total Pages :286 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (326 download)
Book Synopsis Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Counterflow, Premixed Ch4/O2/N2 Flames by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Counterflow, Premixed Ch4/O2/N2 Flames written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of NO concentration in a variety of CH4/O2/N2 flames are used to evaluate the chemical kinetics of NO formation. The analysis begins with previous measurements in flat, laminar, premixed CH4/O2/N2 flames stabilized on a water-cooled McKenna burner at pressures ranging from 1 to 14.6 atm, equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 1.6, and volumetric nitrogen/oxygen dilution ratios of 2.2, 3.1 and 3.76. These measured results are compared to predictions to determine the capabilities and limitations of the comprehensive kinetic mechanism developed by the Gas Research Institute (GRI), version 2.11. The model is shown to predict well the qualitative trends of NO formation in lean-premixed flames, while quantitatively underpredicting NO concentration by 30-50%. For rich flames, the model is unable to even qualitatively match the experimental results. These flames were found to be limited by low temperatures and an inability to separate the flame from the burner surface. In response to these limitations, a counterflow burner was designed for use in opposed premixed flame studies. A new LIF calibration technique was developed and applied to obtain quantitative measurements of NO concentration in laminar, counterflow premixed, CH4/O2/N2 flames at pressures ranging from 1 to 5.1 atm, equivalence ratios of 0.6 to 1.5, and an N2/O2 dilution ratio of 3.76. The counterflow premixed flame measurements are combined with measurements in burner-stabilized premixed flames and counterflow diffusion flames to build a comprehensive database for analysis of the GRI kinetic mechanism. Pathways, quantitative reaction path and sensitivity analyses are applied to the GRI mechanism for these flame conditions. The prompt NO mechanism is found to severely underpredict the amount of NO formed in rich premixed and nitrogen-diluted diffusion flames. This underprediction is traced to uncertainties in the CH kinetics as well as in the nitrogen oxidation chemistry. S
Book Synopsis Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Counterflow, Premixed CH4/O2/N2 Flames by :
Download or read book Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Counterflow, Premixed CH4/O2/N2 Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitric Oxide Formation and Modelling Uncertainty from Exhaust-gas-diluted Methane Flames by : Antonio Lipardi
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Formation and Modelling Uncertainty from Exhaust-gas-diluted Methane Flames written by Antonio Lipardi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are pollutants emitted by various combustion processes that are subject to increasingly-stringent regulations due to their impact on human health and the environment. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has been shown to reduce NOx emissions by decreasing the oxygen concentration and, for a given heat release, reducing peak flame temperatures. Previous simulated combustion results (at a constant burning temperature) have demonstrated that EGR dilution may generate an NO minimization range governed by an increase in the prompt NO formation and a decrease in the thermal NO rate. However, this range is not predicted by all combustion models, thereby necessitating its experimental validation.This thesis conveys the constant burning temperature effects of EGR on NOx formation and the modelling performance of three thermochemical mechanisms (Gri-Mech 3.0, San-Diego 2005, and Combustion Science and Engineering). Using NO planar laser-induced fluorescence (NO-PLIF) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV), constant burning temperature (1850K and 2000K) measurements of nitric oxide (NO-PLIF), temperature (NO-PLIF), and flame reactivity (PTV) were performed on methane-air flames with (and without) EGR dilution using a counterflow apparatus. These results confirmed the existence of the EGR-induced NO minimization range. However, this interesting engine design constraint was obscured by the high level of variability (factor of approx. 4) and uncertainty (up to 99%) found in the simulated NO profiles. A reduced set of reactions that may serve as a basis for the optimization process of the investigated NO submodels is also presented." --
Book Synopsis Reduced Kinetic Schemes for Modelling Nitric Oxide (NO) Formation and Its Detection Using Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). by : Harwell Laboratory. Coal R & D Programme
Download or read book Reduced Kinetic Schemes for Modelling Nitric Oxide (NO) Formation and Its Detection Using Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). written by Harwell Laboratory. Coal R & D Programme and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Instantaneous Two-line PLIF Temperature Imaging of Nitric Oxide in Supersonic Mixing and Combustion Flowfields by : Brian Keith McMillin
Download or read book Instantaneous Two-line PLIF Temperature Imaging of Nitric Oxide in Supersonic Mixing and Combustion Flowfields written by Brian Keith McMillin and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitric Oxide Formation Analysis Using Chemical Reactor Modelling and Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurements on Industrial Swirl Flames by : Syed Mashruk
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Formation Analysis Using Chemical Reactor Modelling and Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurements on Industrial Swirl Flames written by Syed Mashruk and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Planar Laser-induced Fluorescence of Nitric Oxide in Isomeric Butanol and Butane Stagnation Flames by : Gregory Chung
Download or read book Planar Laser-induced Fluorescence of Nitric Oxide in Isomeric Butanol and Butane Stagnation Flames written by Gregory Chung and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The significant efforts to reduce global fossil fuel dependence have led to the development of biofuels as an alternative. Despite their growing significance, alcohol biofuels still require fundamental study, particularly in the area of NOx emissions. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was used to obtain nitric oxide (NO) production profiles from stagnation flames of premixed n- and iso-butanol; n- and iso-butane flames were also measured to offer context with alkane fuels. PLIF measurements were corrected for laser sheet variations and non-radiative quenching by signalpost-processing and quantified with a NO-seeding calibration method. Particle-image velocimetry (PIV) was performed to characterize the centreline velocity of the experimental flow which was then used for chemical kinetic simulations of the experiment. Simulations were performed for n-butanol and n-butane flames with a combined NOxsubmechanism. Experimentally, butanol fuels were found to ...
Book Synopsis Quantitative Nitric Oxide Concentration and Temperature Imaging in Flames Over a Wide Pressure Range with Laser-induced Flourescence by : Wolfgang Georg Bessler
Download or read book Quantitative Nitric Oxide Concentration and Temperature Imaging in Flames Over a Wide Pressure Range with Laser-induced Flourescence written by Wolfgang Georg Bessler and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dimensionally Reduced Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation for Premixed Methane-air Flames with Ammonia Content by :
Download or read book Dimensionally Reduced Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation for Premixed Methane-air Flames with Ammonia Content written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sensitive Detection of Nitric Oxide by 2-photon Laser-induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy by : D. A. Landis
Download or read book Sensitive Detection of Nitric Oxide by 2-photon Laser-induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy written by D. A. Landis and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitric Oxide Sensing by : Sagarika Bhattacharya
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Sensing written by Sagarika Bhattacharya and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological signaling molecule, its free-radical electronic configuration makes it a most reactive molecule and the scariest colorless gas causing immense environmental and health hazards. Detection of NO levels in biological samples and in the atmosphere is therefore crucial. In the past few years, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing many active sensors and effective devices for detecting and quantifying atmospheric NO, NO generated in biological samples, and NO exhaled in the human breath. This book provides a concrete summary of recent state-of-the-art small-molecule probes and novel carbon nanomaterials used for chemical, photoluminescent, and electrochemical NO detection. One chapter is especially dedicated to the available devices used for detecting NO in the human breath that indirectly infers to lung inflammation. The authors with expertise in diverse dimensions have attempted to cover almost all areas of NO sensing.
Book Synopsis Experimental Assessment and Enhancement of Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide in an Inverse Diffusion Flame by :
Download or read book Experimental Assessment and Enhancement of Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide in an Inverse Diffusion Flame written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reduced Kinetic Schemes for Modelling Nitric Oxide (NO) Formation and Its Detection Using Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). by : Harwell Laboratory. Coal R & D Programme
Download or read book Reduced Kinetic Schemes for Modelling Nitric Oxide (NO) Formation and Its Detection Using Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). written by Harwell Laboratory. Coal R & D Programme and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
