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Design Of An Improved Miniature Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer For Nasa Applications
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Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781731353771 Total Pages :156 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (537 download)
Book Synopsis Design of an Improved Miniature Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer for NASA Applications by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Design of an Improved Miniature Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer for NASA Applications written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ion optics of NASA's Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) sensor was simulated with three dimensional models of the open source, the quadrupole deflector, the exit lens system and the quadrupole mass analyzer to design more compact models with lower weight. Comparison of calculated transmission with experimental results shows good agreement. Transmission analyses with varying geometrical parameters and voltages throw light on possible ways of reducing the size of the sensor. Trajectories of ions of mass 1-99 amu were simulated to analyze and optimize transmission. Analysis of open source transmission with varying angle of attack shows that the angular acceptance can be considerably increased by programming the voltages on the ion trap/ collimator. Analysis of transmission sensitivity to voltages and misalignments of the quadrupole deflector rods indicate that increased transmission is possible with a geometrically asymmetrical deflector and a deflector can be designed with much lower sensitivities of transmission. Bringing the disks closer together can decrease the size of the quadrupole deflector and also increase transmission. The exit lens system can be redesigned to be smaller by eliminating at least one electrode entirely without loss of transmission. Ceramic materials were investigated to find suitable candidates for use in the construction of lighter weight mass spectrometer. A high-sensitivity, high-resolution portable gas chromatograph mass spectrometer with a mass range of 2-700 amu has been built and will be commercialized in Phase 3. Swaminathan, Viji K. and Alig, Roger C. Goddard Space Flight Center MASS SPECTROMETERS; MINIATURIZATION; DESIGN ANALYSIS; IONIC MOBILITY; PORTABLE EQUIPMENT; COLLIMATORS; DEFLECTORS; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH RESOLUTION; MAGNETIC LENSES; QUADRUPOLES; SENSITIVITY; THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELS; WEIGHT (MASS)...
Book Synopsis The Cassini-Huygens Mission by : C.T. Russell
Download or read book The Cassini-Huygens Mission written by C.T. Russell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-16 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The joint NASA-ESA Cassini-Huygens mission promises to return four (and possibly more) years of unparalleled scientific data from the solar system’s most exotic planet, the ringed, gas giant, Saturn. Larger than Galileo with a much greater communication bandwidth, Cassini can accomplish in a single flyby what Galileo returned in a series of passes. Cassini explores the Saturn environment in three dimensions, using gravity assists to climb out of the equatorial plane to look down on the rings from above, to image the aurora and to study polar magnetospheric processes such as field-aligned currents. Since the radiation belt particle fluxes are much more benign than those at Jupiter, Cassini can more safely explore the inner regions of the magnetosphere. The spacecraft approaches the planet closer than Galileo could, and explores the inner moons and the rings much more thoroughly than was possible at Jupiter. This book is the second volume, in a three volume set, that describes the Cassini/Huygens mission. This volume describes the in situ investigations on the Cassini orbiter: plasma spectrometer, ion and neutral mass spectrometer, energetic charged and neutral particle spectrometer, magnetometer, radio and plasma wave spectrometer and the cosmic dust analyzer. This book is of interest to all potential users of the Cassini-Huygens data, to those who wish to learn about the planned scientific return from the Cassini-Huygens mission and those curious about the processes occurring on this most fascinating planet. A third volume describes the remote sensing investigations on the orbiter.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion by : Dan M. Goebel
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion written by Dan M. Goebel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout most of the twentieth century, electric propulsion was considered the technology of the future. Now, the future has arrived. This important new book explains the fundamentals of electric propulsion for spacecraft and describes in detail the physics and characteristics of the two major electric thrusters in use today, ion and Hall thrusters. The authors provide an introduction to plasma physics in order to allow readers to understand the models and derivations used in determining electric thruster performance. They then go on to present detailed explanations of: Thruster principles Ion thruster plasma generators and accelerator grids Hollow cathodes Hall thrusters Ion and Hall thruster plumes Flight ion and Hall thrusters Based largely on research and development performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and complemented with scores of tables, figures, homework problems, and references, Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters is an indispensable textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students who are preparing to enter the aerospace industry. It also serves as an equally valuable resource for professional engineers already at work in the field.
Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722168223 Total Pages :52 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (682 download)
Book Synopsis Afe Ion Mass Spectrometer Design Study by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Afe Ion Mass Spectrometer Design Study written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-02 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final technical report covers the activities engaged in by the University of Texas at Dallas, Center for Space Sciences in conjunction with the NASA Langley Research Center, Systems Engineering Division in design studies directed towards defining a suitable ion mass spectrometer to determine the plasma parameter around the Aeroassisted Flight Experiment vehicle during passage through the earth's upper atmosphere. Additional studies relate to the use of a Langmuir probe to measure windward ion/electron concentrations and temperatures. Selected instrument inlet subsystems were tested in the NASA Ames Arc-Jet Facility. Wright, Willie Unspecified Center...
Author :North American Remote Sensing Industries Association Publisher :SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering ISBN 13 : Total Pages :358 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Cassini/Huygens by : North American Remote Sensing Industries Association
Download or read book Cassini/Huygens written by North American Remote Sensing Industries Association and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1996 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781723027512 Total Pages :198 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (275 download)
Book Synopsis Development of an Advanced Spacecraft Tandem Mass Spectrometer by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Development of an Advanced Spacecraft Tandem Mass Spectrometer written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to apply current advanced technology in electronics and materials to the development of a miniaturized Tandem Mass Spectrometer that would have the potential for future development into a package suitable for spacecraft use. The mass spectrometer to be used as a basis for the tandem instrument would be a magnetic sector instrument, of Nier-Johnson configuration, as used on the Viking Mars Lander mission. This instrument configuration would then be matched with a suitable second stage MS to provide the benefits of tandem MS operation for rapid identification of unknown organic compounds. This tandem instrument is configured with a newly designed GC system to aid in separation of complex mixtures prior to MS analysis. A number of important results were achieved in the course of this project. Among them were the development of a miniaturized GC subsystem, with a unique desorber-injector, fully temperature feedback controlled oven with powered cooling for rapid reset to ambient conditions, a unique combination inlet system to the MS that provides for both membrane sampling and direct capillary column sample transfer, a compact and ruggedized alignment configuration for the MS, an improved ion source design for increased sensitivity, and a simple, rugged tandem MS configuration that is particularly adaptable to spacecraft use because of its low power and low vacuum pumping requirements. The potential applications of this research include use in manned spacecraft like the space station as a real-time detection and warning device for the presence of potentially harmful trace contaminants of the spacecraft atmosphere, use as an analytical device for evaluating samples collected on the Moon or a planetary surface, or even use in connection with monitoring potentially hazardous conditions that may exist in terrestrial locations such as launch pads, environmental test chambers or other sensitive areas. Commercial development of the technology c...
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Book Synopsis The Design of an Ion/Neutral Mass Spectrometer to be Used in the Shuttle Environment by : Charles J. Risicato
Download or read book The Design of an Ion/Neutral Mass Spectrometer to be Used in the Shuttle Environment written by Charles J. Risicato and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discussed the development of instrumentation to be flown on the space shuttle. The instrument is a quadrapole mass spectrometer designed to measure preselected masses in the 1 AMU to 70 AMU region. A discussion of the various circuits will be included in this report along with a full set of schematics, drawings, wiring lists and sample control program.
Book Synopsis THE DESIGN OF ION NEUTRAL MASS SPECTROMETER TO BE USED IN THE SHUTTLE ENIRONMENT. by :
Download or read book THE DESIGN OF ION NEUTRAL MASS SPECTROMETER TO BE USED IN THE SHUTTLE ENIRONMENT. written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Small Satellites in NASA and NOAA Earth Observation Programs by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Role of Small Satellites in NASA and NOAA Earth Observation Programs written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-12 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote observations of Earth from space serve an extraordinarily broad range of purposes, resulting in extraordinary demands on those at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and elsewhere who must decide how to execute them. In research, Earth observations promise large volumes of data to a variety of disciplines with differing needs for measurement type, simultaneity, continuity, and long-term instrument stability. Operational needs, such as weather forecasting, add a distinct set of requirements for continual and highly reliable monitoring of global conditions. The Role of Small Satellites in NASA and NOAA Earth Observation Programs confronts these diverse requirements and assesses how they might be met by small satellites. In the past, the preferred architecture for most NASA and NOAA missions was a single large spacecraft platform containing a sophisticated suite of instruments. But the recognition in other areas of space research that cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and robustness may be enhanced by using small spacecraft has raised questions about this philosophy of Earth observation. For example, NASA has already abandoned its original plan for a follow-on series of major platforms in its Earth Observing System. This study finds that small spacecraft can play an important role in Earth observation programs, providing to this field some of the expected benefits that are normally associated with such programs, such as rapid development and lower individual mission cost. It also identifies some of the programmatic and technical challenges associated with a mission composed of small spacecraft, as well as reasons why more traditional, larger platforms might still be preferred. The reasonable conclusion is that a systems-level examination is required to determine the optimum architecture for a given scientific and/or operational objective. The implied new challenge is for NASA and NOAA to find intra- and interagency planning mechanisms that can achieve the most appropriate and cost-effective balance among their various requirements.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Earth Resources by : NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Earth Resources written by NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration by : National Research Council
Download or read book Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than four decades have passed since a human first set foot on the Moon. Great strides have been made in our understanding of what is required to support an enduring human presence in space, as evidenced by progressively more advanced orbiting human outposts, culminating in the current International Space Station (ISS). However, of the more than 500 humans who have so far ventured into space, most have gone only as far as near-Earth orbit, and none have traveled beyond the orbit of the Moon. Achieving humans' further progress into the solar system had proved far more difficult than imagined in the heady days of the Apollo missions, but the potential rewards remain substantial. During its more than 50-year history, NASA's success in human space exploration has depended on the agency's ability to effectively address a wide range of biomedical, engineering, physical science, and related obstacles-an achievement made possible by NASA's strong and productive commitments to life and physical sciences research for human space exploration, and by its use of human space exploration infrastructures for scientific discovery. The Committee for the Decadal Survey of Biological and Physical Sciences acknowledges the many achievements of NASA, which are all the more remarkable given budgetary challenges and changing directions within the agency. In the past decade, however, a consequence of those challenges has been a life and physical sciences research program that was dramatically reduced in both scale and scope, with the result that the agency is poorly positioned to take full advantage of the scientific opportunities offered by the now fully equipped and staffed ISS laboratory, or to effectively pursue the scientific research needed to support the development of advanced human exploration capabilities. Although its review has left it deeply concerned about the current state of NASA's life and physical sciences research, the Committee for the Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space is nevertheless convinced that a focused science and engineering program can achieve successes that will bring the space community, the U.S. public, and policymakers to an understanding that we are ready for the next significant phase of human space exploration. The goal of this report is to lay out steps and develop a forward-looking portfolio of research that will provide the basis for recapturing the excitement and value of human spaceflight-thereby enabling the U.S. space program to deliver on new exploration initiatives that serve the nation, excite the public, and place the United States again at the forefront of space exploration for the global good.
Book Synopsis Improving the Sensitivity and Resolution of Miniature Ion Mobility Spectrometers with a Capacitive Trans Impedance Amplifier by :
Download or read book Improving the Sensitivity and Resolution of Miniature Ion Mobility Spectrometers with a Capacitive Trans Impedance Amplifier written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selectivity and sensitivity of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to explosives was first demonstrated by Karasek in 1974.1 Airport security has always been a concern in the United States, especially since September 11th, 2001, and as a result IMS is commonly used to screen airline passengers and their luggage at all major airports. Portable IMS systems are now widely available for a variety of applications, but as the overall size of the IMS instrumentation decreases, the sensitivity typically decreases as well. A new ion detector read out technology, a capacitive trans-impedance amplifier (CTIA), coupled to a traditional Faraday plate has shown increased sensitivity over a Faraday plate read by a conventional current to voltage converter when used in mass spectrometry. Sandia National Laboratories sponsored a project to determine whether the CTIA technology could be coupled to an IMS, and to determine the potential increase in sensitivity that could be provided to a miniature IMS equipped with the new read out technology. Sandia first provided a full size IMS, a Phemto-Chem PCP-110, which was modified to support the first generation of CTIA (CTIA1). The CTIA1 was coupled to the IMS and was successfully used to detect explosives. Next, Sandia provided miniature IMS drift tubes, but incompatibilities necessitated the design of new miniature systems. At first, only the drift tube itself was redesigned, but eventually a complete miniature IMS, including the ionizer, circuitry, and read out, was designed and built. During the design phase a new ion-beam shutter capable of increased resolution was also implemented. The second generation of CTIA was coupled to a custom drift tube and the system demonstrated increased resolution and drastically increased sensitivity to the common explosives TNT and RDX when compared to the sensitivity of the system provided by Sandia. A custom miniature drift tube coupled to a CTIA will be placed into the peripheral equipment for Sandia's MicroHound II instrumentation to provide a portable IMS with sensitivity equal to or better than bench top IMS systems.
Book Synopsis Technology for Large Space Systems by :
Download or read book Technology for Large Space Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF ANALYTICAL APPARATUSES FOR LASER ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS by : Habiballah Sistani
Download or read book DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF ANALYTICAL APPARATUSES FOR LASER ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS written by Habiballah Sistani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With any analytical technique, there are inherent deficiencies that can be improved upon for optimizing sensitivity, ease of analysis, reproducibility, etc. The unifying goal of this work is the design and implementation of apparatuses to improve the capabilities of laser-electrospray hybrid based mass spectrometry techniques, with laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS) serving as the experimental subject for projects discussed in this thesis. In LEMS, ~60 fs laser pulses centered at 800 nm are used to vaporize the analyte from a surface into the gas phase without the need for a matrix. The laser-vaporized analytes are then captured by an electrospray source and detected via a mass spectrometer. The dried droplet technique is the most common method of sample preparation for LEMS analysis where aliquots of sample are deposited onto a substrate followed by drying at room temperature. While the dried droplet technique is convenient, a spatially inhomogeneous distribution of analytes is deposited which results in high laser shot to shot signal variance, consequently resulting in high variances between replicate samples. To increase the homogeneity of the sample deposited, an electrospray deposition (ESD) device was built and used for deposition of samples of Victoria blue on stainless steel or indium tin oxide (ITO) slides. LEMS measurements of the ESD-prepared films on both substrates were comparable and revealed lower average relative standard deviations (RSD) for measurements within-film (20.9%) and between-films (8.7%) in comparison to dried droplets (75.5% and 40.2%, respectively). The mass spectral response for ESD samples on both substrates was linear (R2 > 0.99), enabling quantitative measurements over the selected range of 7.0 × 10−11 to 2.8 × 10−9 mol, as opposed to the dried droplet samples where quantitation was not possible (R2 = 0.56). Another major limitation in all laser-ESI hybrid systems is that the sample must be in close proximity to the mass spectrometer inlet. In order to transfer laser ablated materials via an electrospray source, the electrospray needle must be close enough to the high voltage inlet to produce charge separation, generate a Taylor cone and ultimately, charged droplets. This short distance (on the order of mm) restricts the size and geometry of the samples to be analyzed. This dissertation details the design of a novel remote sampling device for LEMS analysis. The vaporization process takes place inside a controlled gas flow compartment of a sample chamber where a nitrogen carrier gas is applied coaxially to the vaporization plume providing confined radial expansion dynamics of the particles. Vaporized particles are then transported through a tube and enter the nebulizing gas sheath of an electrospray ionization (ESI) needle where capture and post-ionization of the analyte occurs. Analysis of four selected pharmaceutical compounds revealed enhanced sensitivity and improved reproducibility of remote LEMS when compared to conventional LEMS measurements. This dissertation also explores the possibility of using a nanosecond laser as a means to vaporize samples from stainless steel and glass slides for LEMS analysis. Wet samples of myoglobin on stainless steel were successfully vaporized by ns laser pulses while irradiation of myoglobin on glass did not result in vaporization. In a comparison study, fs laser pulses were able to vaporize wet myoglobin from both substrates. To achieve vaporization from glass, surfactant-free gold nanostars (GNS) were successfully used as a matrix for desorption and detection of myoglobin using ns-LEMS. This dissertation also reports the first synthesis of gold nanostars (GNS) exploiting the conversion of dual microplasma generated Au clusters to GNS in aqueous solutions of KAuCl4 containing small amounts of AgNO3, without addition of a surfactant or a stabilizing agent. The single-cell dual microplasma source is also a novel apparatus. Primary experiments using dual microplasma processing yielded various sized spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.29. By kinetic control of post microplasma reduction, monodispersed nanospheres were produced with PDI of 0.06. An important discovery was the excess amount of hydrogen peroxide produced during microplasma process, making the production of GNS possible.
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
