Deoxygenation And Hydrogenation Of Biomass Derived Molecules Over Multifunctional Catalysts

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Deoxygenation and Hydrogenation of Biomass-derived Molecules Over Multifunctional Catalysts

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Author : Mshari Alotaibi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (862 download)

Book Synopsis Deoxygenation and Hydrogenation of Biomass-derived Molecules Over Multifunctional Catalysts by : Mshari Alotaibi

Download or read book Deoxygenation and Hydrogenation of Biomass-derived Molecules Over Multifunctional Catalysts written by Mshari Alotaibi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this work was to investigate heterogeneous catalysis of the deoxygenation of renewable feedstocks for value-added chemicals and fuels using heteropoly acids. The main focus was on H3PW12O40 (HPW) and its Cs acidic salt Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 (CsPW), which have sufficiently high thermal stability, with decomposition temperatures of 450 and > 500 °C, respectively. These compounds have very strong Brønsted acidity and are well documented as acid catalysts. They were used for the deoxygenation and hydrogenation of propionic acid, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and diisobutyl ketone (DIBK) in the gas phase. For comparison, zeolite catalysts doped with Pt were examined for the deoxygenation of MIBK. CsPW was doped with Pd, Pt, Cu and Ru metals using the impregnation method, while Pt was doped on zeolites by ion exchange. The catalysts under study were characterised using various physical and chemical techniques. CsPW and CsPW-supported Pd, Pt and Cu catalysts were found to be stable in the deoxygenation of propionic acid. They retained the Keggin structure of their polyanion (primary structure), as well as the CsPW crystal structure (secondary structure), after reaction at 400 °C in H2, whereas HPW decomposed above 350 °C in N2. The reaction was found to involve several pathways including ketonisation, decarbonylation, decarboxylation and hydrogenation, leading to the partial or total deoxygenation of propionic acid. HPW/SiO2 and CsPW, both in H2 and in N2, exhibited ketonisation activity between 250 and 300 °C to yield 3-pentanone, CsPW being more selective than HPW. At 400 °C, HPW and CsPW were active for the decarbonylation and decarboxylation of propionic acid to yield ethene and ethane respectively. Loading Pd or Pt onto CsPW greatly enhanced decarbonylation in flowing H2, but had little effect in N2. Similar performance was exhibited by Pd and Pt on SiO2, giving almost 100% selectivity to ethene in H2. These results are consistent with the hydrodeoxygenation of propionic acid on Pd and Pt, suggesting that hydrogenolysis of the C-C bond plays an essential role. Cu catalysts were active in the hydrogenation of the C=O bond to yield propanal and 1-propanol. Turnover rates of propionic acid conversion on metal catalysts followed the order Pd > Pt > Cu. Pt/CsPW was found to be a very efficient catalyst for the selective one-step hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived aliphatic ketones MIBK and DIBK to yield 2-methylpentane (MP) and 2,6-dimethylheptane (DMH) under mild conditions at 100 °C and 1 bar pressure without isomerisation of the carbon backbone via a metal-acid bifunctional mechanism. For MIBK hydrogenation, the mechanism involves MIBK hydrogenation to MP-ol on metal sites followed by MP-ol dehydration on acid sites to form olefin and finally olefin hydrogenation to 2MP on metal sites. Pt/ZSM-5 matched the catalytic performance of Pt/CsPW at 200 °C, but considerable isomerisation of MP took place at this temperature. This shows that the strong acidity of CsPW is essential for the high efficiency of the Pt/CsPW catalyst.

Upgrading of Biomass-derived Molecules for Fuels Via Hydrodeoxygenation on Supported Metals

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Author : Trung Tran Quang Pham
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (636 download)

Book Synopsis Upgrading of Biomass-derived Molecules for Fuels Via Hydrodeoxygenation on Supported Metals by : Trung Tran Quang Pham

Download or read book Upgrading of Biomass-derived Molecules for Fuels Via Hydrodeoxygenation on Supported Metals written by Trung Tran Quang Pham and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Catalytic Hydrogenation for Biomass Valorization

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Author : Roberto Rinaldi
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1849738017
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

Book Synopsis Catalytic Hydrogenation for Biomass Valorization by : Roberto Rinaldi

Download or read book Catalytic Hydrogenation for Biomass Valorization written by Roberto Rinaldi and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the biorefinery industry expands to meet the latest discoveries in biomass conversion, this book provides a thorough grounding in the subject.

Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading

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Author : Mark Crocker
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527344667
Total Pages : 634 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

Book Synopsis Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading by : Mark Crocker

Download or read book Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading written by Mark Crocker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference to the use of innovative catalysts and processes to turn biomass into value-added chemicals Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading offers detailed descriptions of catalysts and catalytic processes employed in the synthesis of chemicals and fuels from the most abundant and important biomass types. The contributors?noted experts on the topic?focus on the application of catalysts to the pyrolysis of whole biomass and to the upgrading of bio-oils. The authors discuss catalytic approaches to the processing of biomass-derived oxygenates, as exemplified by sugars, via reactions such as reforming, hydrogenation, oxidation, and condensation reactions. Additionally, the book provides an overview of catalysts for lignin valorization via oxidative and reductive methods and considers the conversion of fats and oils to fuels and terminal olefins by means of esterification/transesterification, hydrodeoxygenation, and decarboxylation/decarbonylation processes. The authors also provide an overview of conversion processes based on terpenes and chitin, two emerging feedstocks with a rich chemistry, and summarize some of the emerging trends in the field. This important book: -Provides a comprehensive review of innovative catalysts, catalytic processes, and catalyst design -Offers a guide to one of the most promising ways to find useful alternatives for fossil fuel resources -Includes information on the most abundant and important types of biomass feedstocks -Examines fields such as catalytic cracking, pyrolysis, depolymerization, and many more Written for catalytic chemists, process engineers, environmental chemists, bioengineers, organic chemists, and polymer chemists, Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading presents deep insights on the most important aspects of biomass upgrading and their various types.

Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion II

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Author : Marcel Schlaf
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 981287769X
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (128 download)

Book Synopsis Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion II by : Marcel Schlaf

Download or read book Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion II written by Marcel Schlaf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume II presents the latest advances in catalytic hydrodeoxygenation and other transformations of some cellulosic platform chemicals to high value-added products. It presents the theoretical evaluation of the energetics and catalytic species involved in potential pathways of catalyzed carbohydrate conversion, pathways leading to the formation of humin-based by-products, and thermal pathways in deriving chemicals from lignin pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation. Catalytic gasification of biomass under extreme thermal conditions as an extension of pyrolysis is also discussed. Marcel Schlaf, PhD, is a Professor at the Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Canada. Z. Conrad Zhang, PhD, is a Professor at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

Ruthenium-based Ionic Hydrogenation Catalysts for the Selective Deoxygenation of Biomass-derived Feedstocks

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Author : University of Guelph. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494501467
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (14 download)

Book Synopsis Ruthenium-based Ionic Hydrogenation Catalysts for the Selective Deoxygenation of Biomass-derived Feedstocks by : University of Guelph. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry

Download or read book Ruthenium-based Ionic Hydrogenation Catalysts for the Selective Deoxygenation of Biomass-derived Feedstocks written by University of Guelph. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Selective C-O Hydrogenolysis and Decarboxylation of Biomass-derived Heterocyclic Compounds Over Heterogeneous Catalysts

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (86 download)

Book Synopsis Selective C-O Hydrogenolysis and Decarboxylation of Biomass-derived Heterocyclic Compounds Over Heterogeneous Catalysts by :

Download or read book Selective C-O Hydrogenolysis and Decarboxylation of Biomass-derived Heterocyclic Compounds Over Heterogeneous Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The catalytic deoxygenation of biomass-derived compounds through selective C-O hydrogenolysis, catalytic transfer hydrogenation and lactonization, and decarboxylation to value-added chemicals over heterogeneous catalysts was examined under liquid phase reaction conditions. The reactions studied involve the conversion or production of heterocyclic compounds, specifically, cyclic ethers, lactones, and 2-pyrones. A bimetallic RhRe/C catalyst was found to be selective for the hydrogenolysis of secondary C O bonds for a broad range cyclic ethers and polyols. Results from experimentally-observed reactivity trends, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, fructose dehydration reaction studies, and first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations are consistent with the hypothesis of a bifunctional catalyst which facilitates acid-catalyzed ring-opening and dehydration coupled with metal-catalyzed hydrogenation. C-O hydrogenolysis and fructose dehydration activities were observed to decrease with an increase in reduction temperature and a decrease in the number of surface metallic Re atoms measured by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. No C-O hydrogenolysis activity was detected over RhRe/C under water-free conditions. The activation of water molecules by Re atoms on the surface of metallic Rh is suggested to result in the formation of Br©nsted acidity over RhRe/C. The catalytic transfer hydrogenation and lactonization of levulinic acid and its esters to Yã-valerolactone was accomplished through the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reaction over metal oxide catalysts using secondary alcohols as the hydrogen donor. ZrO2 was a highly active material for CTH under batch and continuous flow reaction conditions; the initial activity of the catalyst was repeatedly regenerable by calcination in air, with no observable loss in catalytic activity. Lastly, the 2-pyrone, triacetic acid lactone, is shown to be a promising biorenewable platform chemical from which a wide range of chemical intermediates and end products can be obtained using heterogeneous catalysts or by thermal decomposition. Mechanistic insights from experimentally-observed reactivity trends and results from DFT calculations indicate that 2-pyrones undergo reactions unique to their structure such as keto-enol tautomerization, retro Diels-Alder, and nucleophilic attack by water. Ring-opening and decarboxylation reactions were found to be governed by key structural features such as the degree of saturation in the ring (e.g., C4=C5 bond), nature of the solvent, and presence of an acid catalyst.

Organometallics and Renewables

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Author : Michael A.R. Meier
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642282881
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

Book Synopsis Organometallics and Renewables by : Michael A.R. Meier

Download or read book Organometallics and Renewables written by Michael A.R. Meier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-05-26 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lucas Montero de Espinosa and Michael A. R. Meier: Olefin Metathesis of Renewable Platform Chemicals.- Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx, Robin Jastrzebski, Peter J. C. Hausoul, Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink, and Bert M. Weckhuysen: Pd-Catalysed Telomerisation of 1,3-Dienes with Multifunctional Renewable Substrates - Versatile Routes for the Valorisation of Biomass-Derived Platform Molecules.- A Behr, A. J. Vorholt: Hydroformylation and related reactions of renewable resources.- Ties J. Korstanje, Robertus J.M. Klein Gebbink: Catalytic oxidation and deoxygenation of renewables with rhenium complexes.- Antoine Buchard, Clare M. Bakewell, Jonathan Weiner and Charlotte K. Williams: Recent Developments In Catalytic Activation Of Renewable Resources For Polymer Synthesis.

HOMOGENEOUS TRIDENTATE RUTHENIUM BASED HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS FOR THE DEOXYGENATION OF BIOMASS DERIVED SUBSTRATES IN AQUEOUS ACIDIC MEDIA.

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Author : Chris Oswin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

Book Synopsis HOMOGENEOUS TRIDENTATE RUTHENIUM BASED HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS FOR THE DEOXYGENATION OF BIOMASS DERIVED SUBSTRATES IN AQUEOUS ACIDIC MEDIA. by : Chris Oswin

Download or read book HOMOGENEOUS TRIDENTATE RUTHENIUM BASED HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS FOR THE DEOXYGENATION OF BIOMASS DERIVED SUBSTRATES IN AQUEOUS ACIDIC MEDIA. written by Chris Oswin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Bifunctional Catalysts for Upgrading of Biomass-derived Oxygenates

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (982 download)

Book Synopsis Bifunctional Catalysts for Upgrading of Biomass-derived Oxygenates by :

Download or read book Bifunctional Catalysts for Upgrading of Biomass-derived Oxygenates written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deoxygenation is an important reaction in the conversion of biomass-derived oxygenates to fuels and chemicals. A key route for biomass refining involves the production of pyrolysis oil through rapid heating of the raw biomass feedstock. Pyrolysis oil as produced is highly oxygenated, so the feasibility of this approach depends in large part on the ability to selectively deoxygenate pyrolysis oil components to create a stream of high-value finished products. Identification of catalytic materials that are active and selective for deoxygenation of pyrolysis oil components has therefore represented a major research area. One catalyst is rarely capable of performing the different types of elementary reaction steps required to deoxygenate biomass-derived compounds. For this reason, considerable attention has been placed on bifunctional catalysts, where two different active materials are used to provide catalytic sites for diverse reaction steps. Here, we review recent trends in the development of catalysts, with a focus on catalysts for which a bifunctional effect has been proposed. We summarize recent studies of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of pyrolysis oil and model compounds for a range of materials, including supported metal and bimetallic catalysts as well as transition-metal oxides, sulfides, carbides, nitrides, and phosphides. Particular emphasis is placed on how catalyst structure can be related to performance via molecular-level mechanisms. Finally, these studies demonstrate the importance of catalyst bifunctionality, with each class of materials requiring hydrogenation and C-O scission sites to perform HDO at reasonable rates.

Zeolites in Catalysis

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Author : Jiří Čejka
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782627847
Total Pages : 547 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

Book Synopsis Zeolites in Catalysis by : Jiří Čejka

Download or read book Zeolites in Catalysis written by Jiří Čejka and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-06-07 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accessible references for researchers and industrialists in this exciting field, covering both developments and applications of catalysis.

Catalytic Acylation, Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin-derived Aromatic Molecules

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Author : Nhung N. Duong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

Book Synopsis Catalytic Acylation, Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin-derived Aromatic Molecules by : Nhung N. Duong

Download or read book Catalytic Acylation, Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin-derived Aromatic Molecules written by Nhung N. Duong and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass-derived Compounds Over Promoted Metal Oxide Catalysts

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Author : Laura Alejandra Gomez Gomez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

Book Synopsis Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass-derived Compounds Over Promoted Metal Oxide Catalysts by : Laura Alejandra Gomez Gomez

Download or read book Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass-derived Compounds Over Promoted Metal Oxide Catalysts written by Laura Alejandra Gomez Gomez and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

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Author : Robert C Brown
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782626182
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

Book Synopsis Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass by : Robert C Brown

Download or read book Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass written by Robert C Brown and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-07-07 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast pyrolysis and related catalytic pyrolysis are of increasing interest as pathways to advanced biofuels that closely mimic traditional petroleum products. Research has moved from empirical investigations to more fundamental studies of pyrolysis mechanisms. Theories on the chemical and physical pathways from plant polymers to pyrolysis products have proliferated as a result. This book brings together the latest developments in pyrolysis science and technology. It examines, reviews and challenges the unresolved and sometimes controversial questions about pyrolysis, helping advance the understanding of this important technology and stimulating discussion on the various competing theories of thermal deconstruction of plant polymers. Beginning with an introduction to the biomass-to-biofuels process via fast pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis, chapters address prominent questions such as whether free radicals or concerted reactions dominate deconstruction reactions. Finally, the book concludes with an economic analysis of fast pyrolysis versus catalytic pyrolysis. This book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers interested in the science behind renewable fuel technology, and particularly the thermochemical processing of biomass.

Moving Forward to the Next Generation of Biofuel

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Author : Omid Norouzisafsari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

Book Synopsis Moving Forward to the Next Generation of Biofuel by : Omid Norouzisafsari

Download or read book Moving Forward to the Next Generation of Biofuel written by Omid Norouzisafsari and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the economically most interesting methods is to use commercial catalysts such as silicon, alumina, and zeolite-based catalysts in biomass Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL). Literature on the HTL of biomass in the presence of such catalysts, which are commonly used in catalytic processes in the petrochemical and refining industries, is vast. However, none of the catalysts could generate a compatible bio-oil with conventional liquid transportation fuels because the chemistry in the field of biomass stands in great contrast with the field of petrochemistry, where it deals with petrochemical hydrocarbons. The main problem with the HTL process is that a sequence of successive reactions (a cascade reaction) is involved in transforming raw biomass and biomass-derived platform molecules into value-added chemicals and biofuels. Thus, systems with multiple catalyst materials or catalysis by multifunctional materials are required in the sequence of reactions. For the first time, the thesis provides fundamental insight with respect to the multifunctional catalytic HTL method and offers composite materials as an alternative to conventional heterogeneous catalysts. Advancements made in composite materials were explored in detail, and key factors that influence the activity and stability of each type of composites were highlighted. The effects of advanced modification techniques on the specific surface area, pore size, pore geometry, pore connection, functional group, crystalline structure, and dimension were discussed. Two state-of-the-art heterogeneous catalysts composed of zeolite/hydrochar and graphene/polyurethane were developed for the HTL of macroalgae to gasoline fraction hydrocarbons and valuable chemicals. The results show that the hierarchically structured porosity of composites facilitates the accommodation of macromolecules and their meso and micro derivatives inside the composite and improves the accessibility to Lewis and Bronsted acid sites. The higher heavy gasoline selectivity, lower amount of amino, and aliphatic acids demonstrate that the HTL in the presence of our newly developed composites can be a potential one-pot method for the conversion of biomass to high-quality liquid products. And finally, a biocarbon-based Asymmetric Supercapacitor (ACS) was fabricated within the circular economy concept by integrating pyrolysis and hydrothermal processes.

Metal Oxide Nanocomposites

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Author : B. Raneesh
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119363578
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Nanocomposites by : B. Raneesh

Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanocomposites written by B. Raneesh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-17 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Applications summarizes many of the recent research accomplishments in the area of metal oxide-based nanocomposites. This book focussing on the following topics: Nanocomposites preparation and characterization of metal oxide nanocomposites; synthesis of core/shell metal oxide nanocomposites; multilayer thin films; sequential assembly of nanocomposite materials; semiconducting polymer metal oxide nanocomposites; graphene-based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites; carbon nanotube–metal–oxide nanocomposites; silicon mixed oxide nanocomposites; gas semiconducting sensors based on metal oxide nanocomposites; metal ]organic framework nanocomposite for hydrogen production and nanocomposites application towards photovoltaic and photocatalytic.

Semi-Batch Catalytic Deoxygenation of Biomass-Derived Fatty Acids and Model Compounds

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Author : Jeffrey Peter Ford
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (789 download)

Book Synopsis Semi-Batch Catalytic Deoxygenation of Biomass-Derived Fatty Acids and Model Compounds by : Jeffrey Peter Ford

Download or read book Semi-Batch Catalytic Deoxygenation of Biomass-Derived Fatty Acids and Model Compounds written by Jeffrey Peter Ford and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: