Demosthenes, Speeches 20-22

Download Demosthenes, Speeches 20-22 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292779313
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Demosthenes, Speeches 20-22 by :

Download or read book Demosthenes, Speeches 20-22 written by and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the twelfth volume in the Oratory of Classical Greece. This series presents all of the surviving speeches from the late fifth and fourth centuries BC in new translations prepared by classical scholars who are at the forefront of the discipline. These translations are especially designed for the needs and interests of today's undergraduates, Greekless scholars in other disciplines, and the general public. Classical oratory is an invaluable resource for the study of ancient Greek life and culture. The speeches offer evidence on Greek moral views, social and economic conditions, political and social ideology, law and legal procedure, and other aspects of Athenian culture that have recently been attracting particular interest: women and family life, slavery, and religion, to name just a few. Demosthenes is regarded as the greatest orator of classical antiquity. This volume contains three important speeches from the earliest years of his political career: Against Leptines, a prosecution brought against a law repealing all exemptions from liturgies; Against Meidias, a prosecution for aggravated insult (hybris) brought against an influential politician; and Against Androtion, an indictment of a decree of honors for the Council of Athens. Edward M. Harris provides contemporary English translations of these speeches, two of which (Leptines and Androtion) have not been translated into English in over sixty years, along with introductions and extensive notes that take account of recent developments in Classical scholarship.

Demosthenes, Speeches 20-22

Download Demosthenes, Speeches 20-22 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292794134
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Demosthenes, Speeches 20-22 by : Demosthenes.

Download or read book Demosthenes, Speeches 20-22 written by Demosthenes. and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the twelfth volume in the Oratory of Classical Greece. This series presents all of the surviving speeches from the late fifth and fourth centuries BC in new translations prepared by classical scholars who are at the forefront of the discipline. These translations are especially designed for the needs and interests of today's undergraduates, Greekless scholars in other disciplines, and the general public. Classical oratory is an invaluable resource for the study of ancient Greek life and culture. The speeches offer evidence on Greek moral views, social and economic conditions, political and social ideology, law and legal procedure, and other aspects of Athenian culture that have recently been attracting particular interest: women and family life, slavery, and religion, to name just a few. Demosthenes is regarded as the greatest orator of classical antiquity. This volume contains three important speeches from the earliest years of his political career: Against Leptines, a prosecution brought against a law repealing all exemptions from liturgies; Against Meidias, a prosecution for aggravated insult (hybris) brought against an influential politician; and Against Androtion, an indictment of a decree of honors for the Council of Athens. Edward M. Harris provides contemporary English translations of these speeches, two of which (Leptines and Androtion) have not been translated into English in over sixty years, along with introductions and extensive notes that take account of recent developments in Classical scholarship.

Demosthenes, Speeches 39-49

Download Demosthenes, Speeches 39-49 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292726414
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Demosthenes, Speeches 39-49 by : Demosthenes

Download or read book Demosthenes, Speeches 39-49 written by Demosthenes and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the thirteenth volume in the Oratory of Classical Greece. This series presents all of the surviving speeches from the late fifth and fourth centuries BC in new translations prepared by classical scholars who are at the forefront of the discipline. These translations are especially designed for the needs and interests of today's undergraduates, Greekless scholars in other disciplines, and the general public. Classical oratory is an invaluable resource for the study of ancient Greek life and culture. The speeches offer evidence on Greek moral views, social and economic conditions, political and social ideology, law and legal procedure, and other aspects of Athenian culture that have recently been attracting particular interest: women and family life, slavery, and religion, to name just a few. Demosthenes is regarded as the greatest orator of classical antiquity. This volume contains eleven law court speeches ascribed to Demosthenes, though modern scholars believe that only two or three of them are actually his. Most of the speeches here concern inheriting an estate, recovering debts owed to an estate, or exchanging someone else's estate for one's own. Adele Scafuro's supplementary material allows even non-specialists to follow the ins and outs of the legal arguments as she details what we know about the matters involved in each case, including marriage laws, adoptions, inheritances, and the financial obligations of the rich. While Athenian laws and family institutions (e.g., the marriages of heiresses) differ from ours in quite interesting ways, nevertheless the motives and strategies of the litigants often have a contemporary resonance.

Demosthenes, Speeches 23-26

Download Demosthenes, Speeches 23-26 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477313524
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Demosthenes, Speeches 23-26 by :

Download or read book Demosthenes, Speeches 23-26 written by and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fifteenth volume in the Oratory of Classical Greece. This series presents all of the surviving speeches from the late fifth and fourth centuries BC in new translations prepared by classical scholars who are at the forefront of the discipline. These translations are especially designed for the needs and interests of today's undergraduates, Greekless scholars in other disciplines, and the general public. Classical oratory is an invaluable resource for the study of ancient Greek life and culture. The speeches offer evidence on Greek moral views, social and economic conditions, political and social ideology, law and legal procedure, and other aspects of Athenian culture that have recently been attracting particular interest: women and family life, slavery, and religion, to name just a few. This volume provides introductions, translations, and notes for four speeches found in the Demosthenic corpus that have not been translated in recent times. Against Aristocrates deals with matters of foreign policy involving a mercenary general, Charidemus, and is a valuable source for Athenian homicide law. Against Timocrates involves domestic politics and provides important information about Athenian procedures for enacting legislation. In both speeches, the litigants stress the importance of the rule of law in Athenian democracy and emphasize key ideas, such as the monopoly of legitimate force by the state, the need for consistency in statutes, and the principle of no punishment without a written law. The remaining two speeches, Against Aristogeiton, are forgeries composed in the Hellenistic period, as Edward Harris demonstrates conclusively through a study of laws and legal procedures and an analysis of style and vocabulary.

The Oxford Handbook of Demosthenes

Download The Oxford Handbook of Demosthenes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford Handbooks
ISBN 13 : 0198713851
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Demosthenes by : Gunther Martin

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Demosthenes written by Gunther Martin and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a speechwriter, orator, and politician, Demosthenes captured, embodied, and shaped his time. He was a key player in Athens in the twilight of the city's independence, and is today a primary source for its history and society during that period. The Oxford Handbook of Demosthenes sets out to explore the many facets of his life, work, and time, giving particular weight to elucidating the settings and contexts of his activities, as well as some of the key themes dealt with in his speeches, and thereby illustrating the interplay and mutual influence between his rhetoric and the environment from which it emerged. The volume's thirty-five chapters are authored by experts in the field and offer both comprehensive coverage and an up-to-date reference point for the issues and problems encountered when approaching the speeches in particular: they not only showcase how Demosthenes' rhetoric was profoundly influenced by Athenian reality, but also explore its reception from Demosthenes' own day right up until the present and how his presentation of his world has subsequently shaped our view of it. The wide range of expertise and the different scholarly traditions represented are a vivid demonstration of the richness and diversity of current Demosthenic studies and the contribution the volume makes to enriching our knowledge of the life and work of one of the most prominent figures of ancient Greece will be of significance to a wide readership interested in Athenian history, society, rhetoric, politics, and law.

Demosthenes of Athens and the Fall of Classical Greece

Download Demosthenes of Athens and the Fall of Classical Greece PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190263563
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Demosthenes of Athens and the Fall of Classical Greece by : Ian Worthington

Download or read book Demosthenes of Athens and the Fall of Classical Greece written by Ian Worthington and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first ever biography of Demosthenes written in English for a popular audience, set against the rich backdrop of late classical Greece and Macedonia

Greek Rhetoric of the 4th Century BC

Download Greek Rhetoric of the 4th Century BC PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110560143
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Greek Rhetoric of the 4th Century BC by : Evangelos Alexiou

Download or read book Greek Rhetoric of the 4th Century BC written by Evangelos Alexiou and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction between orator and audience, the passions and distrust held by many concerning the predominance of one individual, but also the individual’s struggle as an advisor and political leader, these are the quintessential elements of 4th century rhetoric. As an individual personality, the orator draws strength from his audience, while the rhetorical texts mirror his own thoughts and those of his audience as part of a two-way relationship, in which individuality meets, opposes, and identifies with the masses. For the first time, this volume systematically compares minor orators with the major figures of rhetoric, Demosthenes and Isocrates, taking into account other findings as well, such as extracts of Hyperides from the Archimedes Palimpsest. Moreover, this book provides insight into the controversy surrounding the art of discourse in the rhetorical texts of Anaximenes, Aristotle, and especially of Isocrates who took up a clear stance against the philosophy of the 4th century.

The Law of Ancient Athens

Download The Law of Ancient Athens PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472035916
Total Pages : 559 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Law of Ancient Athens by : David Phillips

Download or read book The Law of Ancient Athens written by David Phillips and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2013-10-14 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A topic fundamental to understanding the ancient world

Jude on the Attack

Download Jude on the Attack PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0567678792
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (676 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Jude on the Attack by : Alexandra Robinson

Download or read book Jude on the Attack written by Alexandra Robinson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexandra Robinson examines the letter of Jude in the light of repeated scholarly references to this source as an invective, a polemic, and an attack speech, with a dependence on both Jewish and Greco-Roman sources. Moving beyond the 'Hellenism/Judaism divide', Robinson specifies what these elements are, and how they relate to the harsh nature of the discourse. This study shows how, where, and why Jude borrows from these contemporary genres, with a detailed survey of Greco-Roman invectives and Jewish judgement oracles; comparing and contrasting them to the epistle of Jude with consideration of structure, aims, themes, and style. Robinson argues that Jude has constructed a 'Jewish invective,' and that his epistle is a polemical text which takes the form (structure, aims, and style) of a typical Greco-Roman invective but is filled with Jewish content (themes and allusions), drawing on Israel's heritage for the benefit of his primarily Jewish– Christian audience.

Forensic Narratives in Athenian Courts

Download Forensic Narratives in Athenian Courts PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351598171
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Forensic Narratives in Athenian Courts by : Mike Edwards

Download or read book Forensic Narratives in Athenian Courts written by Mike Edwards and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic Narratives in Athenian Courts breaks new ground by exploring different aspects of forensic storytelling in Athenian legal speeches and the ways in which forensic narratives reflect normative concerns and legal issues. The chapters, written by distinguished experts in Athenian oratory and society, explore the importance of narratives for the arguments of relatively underdiscussed orators such as Isaeus and Apollodorus. They employ new methods to investigate issues such as speeches’ deceptiveness or the appraisals which constitute the emotion scripts that speakers put together. This volume not only addresses a gap in the field of Athenian oratory, but also encourages comparative approaches to forensic narratives and fiction, and fresh investigations of the implications of forensic storytelling for other literary genres. Forensic Narratives in Athenian Courts will be an invaluable resource to students and researchers of Athenian oratory and their legal system, as well as those working on Greek society and literature more broadly.

Demosthenes, Speeches 50-59

Download Demosthenes, Speeches 50-59 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292783035
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Demosthenes, Speeches 50-59 by :

Download or read book Demosthenes, Speeches 50-59 written by and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the sixth volume in the Oratory of Classical Greece. This series presents all of the surviving speeches from the late fifth and fourth centuries BC in new translations prepared by classical scholars who are at the forefront of the discipline. These translations are especially designed for the needs and interests of today's undergraduates, Greekless scholars in other disciplines, and the general public. Classical oratory is an invaluable resource for the study of ancient Greek life and culture. The speeches offer evidence on Greek moral views, social and economic conditions, political and social ideology, law and legal procedure, and other aspects of Athenian culture that have been largely ignored: women and family life, slavery, and religion, to name just a few. Demosthenes is regarded as the greatest orator of classical antiquity; indeed, his very eminence may be responsible for the inclusion under his name of a number of speeches he almost certainly did not write. This volume contains four speeches that are most probably the work of Apollodorus, who is often known as "the Eleventh Attic Orator." Regardless of their authorship, however, this set of ten law court speeches gives a vivid sense of public and private life in fourth-century BC Athens. They tell of the friendships and quarrels of rural neighbors, of young men joined in raucous, intentionally shocking behavior, of families enduring great poverty, and of the intricate involvement of prostitutes in the lives of citizens. They also deal with the outfitting of warships, the grain trade, challenges to citizenship, and restrictions on the civic role of men in debt to the state.

Trials from Classical Athens

Download Trials from Classical Athens PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136621903
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Trials from Classical Athens by : Christopher Carey

Download or read book Trials from Classical Athens written by Christopher Carey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ancient Athenian legal system is both excitingly familiar and disturbingly alien to the modern reader. It functions within a democracy which shares many of our core values but operates in a disconcertingly different way. Trials from Classical Athens assembles a number of surviving speeches written for trials in Athenian courts, dealing with themes which range from murder and assault, through slander and sexual misconduct to property and trade disputes and minor actions for damage. The texts illuminate key aspects both of Athenian social and political life and the functioning of the Athenian legal system. This new and revised volume adds to the existing selection of key forensic speeches with three new translations accompanied by lucid explanatory notes. The introduction is augmented with a section on Athenian democracy to make the book more accessible to those unfamiliar with the Athenian political system. To aid accessibility further a new glossary is included as well as illustrations for the first time. Providing a unique and guided introduction to the Athenian legal system and explaining how the system reveals the values and social life of Classical Athens, Trials from Classical Athens remains a fundamental resource for students of Ancient Greek history and anyone interested in the law, social history and oratory of the Ancient Greek world.

Isokrates: The Forensic Speeches (Nos. 16–21)

Download Isokrates: The Forensic Speeches (Nos. 16–21) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009258303
Total Pages : 1162 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Isokrates: The Forensic Speeches (Nos. 16–21) by : David Whitehead

Download or read book Isokrates: The Forensic Speeches (Nos. 16–21) written by David Whitehead and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-21 with total page 1162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Athenian Isokrates (436–338 BC) is well-known for his long career as an educator and pundit; but originally he wrote 'forensic' speeches, i.e. for delivery in court. Six of them survive (five from Athens, one from Aigina), on issues including assault, fraud and inheritance. Here for the first time, after a General Introduction, they are presented and analysed in depth as a self-contained group. The Greek text and a facing English translation - both new - are augmented by commentaries which juxtapose this material with other surviving writers in the genre (and with Isocrates' own later output). In the process, too, the speeches' historical background, personnel, legal context, rhetorical strategies and all other relevant topics are explored.

Character Evidence in the Courts of Classical Athens

Download Character Evidence in the Courts of Classical Athens PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317168437
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Character Evidence in the Courts of Classical Athens by : Vasileios Adamidis

Download or read book Character Evidence in the Courts of Classical Athens written by Vasileios Adamidis and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been much debate in scholarship over the factors determining the outcome of legal hearings in classical Athens. Specifically, there is divergence regarding the extent to which judicial panels were influenced by non-legal considerations in addition to, or even instead of, questions of law. Ancient rhetorical theory and practice devoted much attention to character and it is this aspect of Athenian law which forms the focus of this book. Close analysis of the dispute-resolution passages in ancient Greek literature reveals striking similarities with the rhetoric of litigants in the Athenian courts and thus helps to shed light on the function of the courts and the fundamental nature of Athenian law. The widespread use of character evidence in every aspect of argumentation can be traced to the Greek ideas of ‘character’ and ‘personality’, the inductive method of reasoning, and the social, political and institutional structures of the ancient Greek polis. According to the author’s proposed method of interpretation, character evidence was not a means of diverting the jury’s attention away from the legal issues; instead, it was a constructive and relevant way of developing a legal argument.

The Enthymeme

Download The Enthymeme PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271086831
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Enthymeme by : James Fredal

Download or read book The Enthymeme written by James Fredal and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central to rhetorical theory, the enthymeme is most often defined as a truncated syllogism. Suppressing a premise that the audience already knows, this rhetorical device relies on the audience to fill in the missing information, thereby making the argument more persuasive. James Fredal argues that this view of the enthymeme is wrong. Presenting a new exegesis of Aristotle and classic texts of Attic oratory, Fredal shows that the standard reading of Aristotle’s enthymeme is inaccurate—and that Aristotle himself distorts what enthymemes are and how they work. From close analysis of the Rhetoric, Topics, and Analytics, Fredal finds that Aristotle’s enthymeme is, in fact, not syllogistic and is different from the enthymeme as it was used by Attic orators such as Lysias and Isaeus. Fredal argues that the enthymeme, as it was originally understood and used, is a technique of storytelling, primarily forensic storytelling, aimed at eliciting from the audience an inference about a narrative. According to Fredal, narrative rather than formal logic is the seedbed of the enthymeme and of rhetoric more broadly. The Enthymeme reassesses a fundamental doctrine of rhetorical instruction, clarifies the viewpoints of the tradition, and presents a new form of rhetoric for further study and use. This groundbreaking book will be welcomed by scholars and students of classical rhetoric, the history of rhetoric, and rhetorical theory as well as communications studies, classical studies, and classical philosophy.

Citizenship in Antiquity

Download Citizenship in Antiquity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000847837
Total Pages : 976 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Citizenship in Antiquity by : Jakub Filonik

Download or read book Citizenship in Antiquity written by Jakub Filonik and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citizenship in Antiquity brings together scholars working on the multifaceted and changing dimensions of citizenship in the ancient Mediterranean, from the second millennium BCE to the first millennium CE, adopting a multidisciplinary and comparative perspective. The chapters in this volume cover numerous periods and regions – from the Ancient Near East, through the Greek and Hellenistic worlds and pre-Roman North Africa, to the Roman Empire and its continuations, and with excursuses to modernity. The contributors to this book adopt various contemporary theories, demonstrating the manifold meanings and ways of defining the concept and practices of citizenship and belonging in ancient societies and, in turn, of non-citizenship and non-belonging. Whether citizenship was defined by territorial belonging or blood descent, by privileged or exclusive access to resources or participation in communal decision-making, or by a sense of group belonging, such identifications were also open to discursive redefinitions and manipulation. Citizenship and belonging, as well as non-citizenship and non-belonging, had many shades and degrees; citizenship could be bought or faked, or even removed. By casting light on different areas of the Mediterranean over the course of antiquity, the volume seeks to explore this multi-layered notion of citizenship and contribute to an ongoing and relevant discourse. Citizenship in Antiquity offers a wide-ranging, comprehensive collection suitable for students and scholars of citizenship, politics, and society in the ancient Mediterranean world, as well as those working on citizenship throughout history interested in taking a comparative approach.

Cicero

Download Cicero PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190857846
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cicero by : Marcus Tullius Cicero

Download or read book Cicero written by Marcus Tullius Cicero and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "These translations of the Brutus and Orator were conceived as a sequel to the excellent translation of the De oratore by James May and Jaap Wisse, also published by Oxford University Press (Cicero: On the Ideal Orator, Oxford 2001). The book's raison d'être is easily stated. No new, complete, and readily available English versions of the two texts have appeared since the Loeb Classical Library edition was published in 1939, with translations by G. L. Hendrickson and H. M. Hubbell. Though both translations are accurate and still readable (Hendrickson's, in fact, is excellent), the introductions to the two works are brief and insufficient, and the annotation (in the manner of older Loebs) is still less adequate. Furthermore, our understanding of Cicero and the late Roman Republic has changed significantly in the eighty years since the Loeb appeared, and the resources available to students of the Brutus, in particular, are much more ample. I have reason to hope, therefore, that this book will be of some use. There is no need to discuss here the overall plan of the book, which the table of contents makes clear, or the approach taken to the translation and annotation, addressed in Introduction par. 5. The annotation very likely provides more detail than some readers will require, but I thought it best to err on the side of inclusion and leave it to readers to ignore-as readers can be relied on to do-material that does not speak to their needs or interests. I should add two notes. First, because Brutus and Orator are the most important sources for our understanding of Roman "Atticism" (Introduction par. 3), I have included in Appendix A a translation of the third Ciceronian text that bears on that subject, On the Best Kind of Orator (De optimo genere oratorum), a brief fragment that Cicero wrote but abandoned in the interval between the composition of Brutus and Orator in 46 BCE. Second, for the fragmentary remains of orators other than Cicero I have retained references to the fourth edition of Enrica Malcovati's Oratorum Romanorum Fragments (e.g., "ORF4 no. 8 fr. 149"), despite the fact that its successor, Fragments of the Roman Republican Orators (FRRO)-the work of a team led by Catherine Steel-will soon appear. The orators in FRRO will not be numbered and ordered chronologically, as they are in ORF4, but will be organized alphabetically by clan name for ready location, and a set of concordances will facilitate movment back and forth between the two editions"--