Demography And Degeneration

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Demography and Degeneration

Author : Richard A. Soloway
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469611198
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Demography and Degeneration by : Richard A. Soloway

Download or read book Demography and Degeneration written by Richard A. Soloway and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2014-02-01 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Richard Soloway offers a compelling and authoritative study of the relationship of the eugenics movement to the dramatic decline in the birthrate and family size in twentieth-century Britain. Working in a tradition of hereditarian determinism which held fast to the premise that "like tends to beget like," eugenicists developed and promoted a theory of biosocial engineering through selective reproduction. Soloway shows that the appeal of eugenics to the middle and upper classes of British society was closely linked to recurring concerns about the relentless drop in fertility and the rapid spread of birth control practices from the 1870s to World War II. Demography and Degeneration considers how differing scientific and pseudoscientific theories of biological inheritance became popularized and enmeshed in the prolonged, often contentious national debate about "race suicide" and "the dwindling family." Demographic statistics demonstrated that birthrates were declining among the better-educated, most successful classes while they remained high for the poorest, least-educated portion of the population. For many people steeped in the ideas of social Darwinism, eugenicist theories made this decline all the more alarming: they feared that falling birthrates among the "better" classes signfied a racial decline and degeneration that might prevent Britain from successfully negotiating the myriad competive challenges facing the nation in the twentieth century. Although the organized eugenics movement remained small and elitist throughout most of its history, this study demonstrates how pervasive eugenic assumptions were in the middle and upper reaches of British society, at least until World War II. It also traces the important role of eugenics in the emergence of the modern family planning movement and the formulation of population policies in the interwar years.

Degenerative Realism

Author : Christy Wampole
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231546033
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Degenerative Realism by : Christy Wampole

Download or read book Degenerative Realism written by Christy Wampole and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new strain of realism has emerged in France. The novels that embody it represent diverse fears—immigration and demographic change, radical Islam, feminism, new technologies, globalization, American capitalism, and the European Union—but these books, often best-sellers, share crucial affinities. In their dystopian visions, the collapse of France, Europe, and Western civilization is portrayed as all but certain and the literary mode of realism begins to break down. Above all, they depict a degenerative force whose effects on the nation and on reality itself can be felt. Examining key novels by Michel Houellebecq, Frédéric Beigbeder, Aurélien Bellanger, Yann Moix, and other French writers, Christy Wampole identifies and critiques this emergent tendency toward “degenerative realism.” She considers the ways these writers draw on social science, the New Journalism of the 1960s, political pamphlets, reportage, and social media to construct an atmosphere of disintegration and decline. Wampole maps how degenerative realist novels explore a world contaminated by conspiracy theories, mysticism, and misinformation, responding to the internet age’s confusion between fact and fiction with a lament for the loss of the real and an unrelenting emphasis on the role of the media in crafting reality. In a time of widespread populist anxieties over the perceived decline of the French nation, this book diagnoses the literary symptoms of today’s reactionary revival.

Eugenics

Author : Philippa Levine
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199385904
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Eugenics by : Philippa Levine

Download or read book Eugenics written by Philippa Levine and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise and gripping account of eugenics from its origins in the twentieth century and beyond.

The Slow Failure

Author : Mary E. Daly
Publisher : University of Wisconsin Pres
ISBN 13 : 0299212939
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The Slow Failure by : Mary E. Daly

Download or read book The Slow Failure written by Mary E. Daly and published by University of Wisconsin Pres. This book was released on 2006-04-06 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today Ireland’s population is rising, immigration outpaces emigration, most families have two or at most three children, and full-time farmers are in steady decline. But the opposite was true for more than a century, from the great famine of the 1840s until the 1960s. Between 1922 and 1966—most of the first fifty years after independence—the population of Ireland was falling, in the 1950s as rapidly as in the 1880s. Mary Daly’s The Slow Failure examines not just the reasons for the decline, but the responses to it by politicians, academics, journalists, churchmen, and others who publicly agonized over their nation’s “slow failure.” Eager to reverse population decline but fearful that economic development would undermine Irish national identity, they fashioned statistical evidence to support ultimately fruitless policies to encourage large, rural farm families. Focusing on both Irish government and society, Daly places Ireland’s population history in the mainstream history of independent Ireland. Daly’s research reveals how pastoral visions of an ideal Ireland made it virtually impossible to reverse the fall in population. Promoting large families, for example, contributed to late marriages, actually slowing population growth further. The crucial issue of emigration failed to attract serious government attention except during World War II; successive Irish governments refused to provide welfare services for emigrants, leaving that role to the Catholic Church. Daly takes these and other elements of an often-sad story, weaving them into essential reading for understanding modern Irish history

Building the New Man

Author : Francesco Cassata
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 9639776831
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (397 download)

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Book Synopsis Building the New Man by : Francesco Cassata

Download or read book Building the New Man written by Francesco Cassata and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on previously unexplored archival documentation, this book offers the first general overview of the history of Italian eugenics, not limited to the decades of Fascist regime, but instead ranging from the beginning of the 1900s to the first half of the 1970s. The Author discusses several fundamental themes of the comparative history of eugenics: the importance of the Latin eugenic model; the relationship between eugenics and fascism; the influence of Catholicism on the eugenic discourse and the complex links between genetics and eugenics. It examines the Liberal pre-fascist period and the post-WW2 transition from fascist and racial eugenics to medical and human genetics. As far as fascist eugenics is concerned, the book provides a refreshing analysis, considering Italian eugenics as the most important case-study in order to define Latin eugenics as an alternative model to its Anglo-American, German and Scandinavian counterparts. Analyses in detail the nature-nurture debate during the State racist campaign in fascist Italy (1938–1943) as a boundary tool in the contraposition between the different institutional, political and ideological currents of fascist racism.

Degeneration and Revolution

Author : Robert Heynen
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004276270
Total Pages : 692 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Degeneration and Revolution by : Robert Heynen

Download or read book Degeneration and Revolution written by Robert Heynen and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Degeneration and Revolution: Radical Cultural Politics and the Body in Weimar Germany Robert Heynen explores the impact of conceptions of degeneration, exemplified by eugenics and social hygiene, on the social, cultural, and political history of the left in Germany, 1914–33. Hygienic practices of bodily regulation were integral to the extension of modern capitalist social relations, and profoundly shaped Weimar culture. Heynen’s innovative interdisciplinary approach draws on Marxist and other critical traditions to examine the politics of degeneration and socialist, communist, and anarchist responses. Drawing on key Weimar theorists and addressing artistic and cultural movements ranging from Dada to worker-produced media, this book challenges us to rethink conventional understandings of left culture and politics, and of Weimar culture more generally.

Lost to the Collective

Author : Kenneth M. Pinnow
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801457890
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Lost to the Collective by : Kenneth M. Pinnow

Download or read book Lost to the Collective written by Kenneth M. Pinnow and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As an act of unbridled individualism, suicide confronted the Bolshevik regime with a dilemma that challenged both its theory and its practice and helped give rise to a social science state whose primary purpose was the comprehensive and rational care of the population. Labeled a social illness and represented as a vestige of prerevolutionary culture, suicide in the 1920s raised troubling questions about individual health and agency in a socialist society, provided a catalyst for the development of new social bonds and subjective outlooks, and became a marker of the country's incomplete move toward a collectivist society. Determined to eradicate the scourge of self-destruction, the regime created a number of institutions and commissions to identify pockets of disease and foster an integrated social order. The Soviet confrontation with suicide reveals with particular force the regime's anxieties about the relationship between the state and the individual. In Lost to the Collective, Kenneth M. Pinnow suggests the compatibility of the social sciences with Bolshevik dictatorship and highlights their illusory promises of control over the everyday life of groups and individuals. The book traces the creation of national statistical studies, the course of medical debates about causation and expert knowledge, and the formation of a distinct set of practices in the Bolshevik Party and Red Army that aimed to identify the suicidal individual and establish his or her significance for the rest of society. Arguing that the Soviet regime represents a particular response to the pressures and challenges of modernity, the book examines Soviet socialism—from its intense concern with the individual to its quest to build an integrated society—as one response to the larger question of human unity.

Health, Civilization and the State

Author : Dorothy Porter
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134637179
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Health, Civilization and the State by : Dorothy Porter

Download or read book Health, Civilization and the State written by Dorothy Porter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-08-10 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the social, economic and political issues of public health provision in historical perspective. It outlines the development of public health in Britain, Continental Europe and the United States from the ancient world through to the modern state. It includes discussion of: * pestilence, public order and morality in pre-modern times * the Enlightenment and its effects * centralization in Victorian Britain * localization of health care in the United States * population issues and family welfare * the rise of the classic welfare state * attitudes towards public health into the twenty-first century.

Racializing the Soldier

Author : Gavin Schaffer
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134905335
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Racializing the Soldier by : Gavin Schaffer

Download or read book Racializing the Soldier written by Gavin Schaffer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racializing the Soldier explores the impact of racial beliefs on the formation and development of modern armed forces and the ways in which these forces have been presented and historicized from a global perspective. With a wide geographical and temporal spread, the collection looks at the disparate ways that race has influenced military development. In particular, it explores the extent to which ideas of racial hierarchy and type have conditioned thinking about what kinds of soldiers should be used and in what roles. This volume offers a highly original military, social and cultural history, questioning the borders both of racialization and of the military itself. It considers the extent to which discourses of gender, nationality and religion have informed racialization, and probes the influence of expert studies of soldiers as indicators of national population types. By focusing mostly, but not exclusively, on colonial and post-colonial states, the book considers how racialized militaries both shaped and reflected conflict in the modern world, ultimately explaining how the history of this idea has often underpinned modern military planning and thinking. This book is based on a special issue of Patterns of Prejudice.

The Routledge History of Sex and the Body

Author : Sarah Toulalan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415472377
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge History of Sex and the Body by : Sarah Toulalan

Download or read book The Routledge History of Sex and the Body written by Sarah Toulalan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge History of Sex and the Body provides an overview of the main themes surrounding the history of sexuality from 1500 to the present day. The history of sex and the body is an expanding field in which vibrant debate on, for instance, the history of homosexuality, is developing. This book examines the current scholarship and looks towards future directions across the field. The volume is divided into fourteen thematic chapters, which are split into two chronological sections 1500 - 1750 and 1750 to present day. Focusing on the history of sexuality and the body in the West but also interactions with a broader globe, these thematic chapters survey the major areas of debate and discussion. Covering themes such as science, identity, the gaze, courtship, reproduction, sexual violence and the importance of race, the volume offers a comprehensive view of the history of sex and the body. The book concludes with an afterword in which the reader is invited to consider some of the 'tensions, problems and areas deserving further scrutiny'. Including contributors renowned in their field of expertise, this ground-breaking collection is essential reading for all those interested in the history of sexuality and the body.

Race and Empire

Author : Chloe Campbell
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780719071607
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (716 download)

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Book Synopsis Race and Empire by : Chloe Campbell

Download or read book Race and Empire written by Chloe Campbell and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-15 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and Empire tells the story of a short-lived but vehement eugenics movement that emerged among a group of Europeans in Kenya in the 1930s, unleashing a set of writings on racial differences in intelligence more extreme than that emanating from any other British colony in the twentieth century. The Kenyan eugenics movement of the 1930s adapted British ideas to the colonial environment: in all its extremity, Kenyan eugenics was not simply a bizarre and embarrassing colonial mutation, as it was later dismissed, but a logical extension of British eugenics in a colonial context. By tracing the history of eugenic thought in Kenya, the books shows how the movement took on a distinctive colonial character, driven by settler political preoccupations and reacting to increasingly outspoken African demands for better, and more independent, education. The economic fragility of Kenya in the early 1930s made the eugenicists particularly dependent on British financial support. Ultimately, the suspicious response of the Colonial Office and the Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald, backed up by a growing expert concern about race in science, led to the failure of Kenyan eugenics to gain the necessary British backing. Despite this lack of concrete success, eugenic theories on race and intelligence were widely supported by the medical profession in Kenya, as well as powerful members of the official and non-official European settler population. The long-term failures of the eugenics movement should not blind us to its influence among the social and administrative elite of colonial Kenya. Through a close examination of attitudes towards race and intelligence in a British colony, Race and Empire reveals how eugenics was central to colonial racial theories before World War Two.

Problem of Great Importance

Author : Karl Ittmann
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520289544
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Problem of Great Importance by : Karl Ittmann

Download or read book Problem of Great Importance written by Karl Ittmann and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2013-09-29 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the significant role population science played in British colonial policy in the twentieth century as the imperial state attempted to control colonial populations using new agricultural and public health policies, private family planning initiatives, and by imposing limits over migration and settlement. A Problem of Great Importance traces British imperial efforts to engage metropolitan activists who could improve its knowledge of colonial demography and design programs to influence colonial population trends. While imperial population control failed to achieve its goals, British institutions and experts would be central to the development of postcolonial population programs. Researchers, scholars, and historians of British history will gain greater perspective into the effects of demography on imperial governance and colonial and postcolonial British views of their place in the world.

Thicker Than Blood

Author : Tukufu Zuberi
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816639090
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Thicker Than Blood by : Tukufu Zuberi

Download or read book Thicker Than Blood written by Tukufu Zuberi and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tukufu Zuberi offers a concise account of the historical connections between the development of the idea of race and the birth of social statistics. Zuberi describes the ways race-differentiated data is misinterpreted in the social sciences and asks searching questions about the ways racial statistics are used. He argues that statistical analysis can and must be deracialized, and that this deracialization is essential to the goal of achieving social justice for all.

Demography In Transition

Author : Amanda K. Baumle
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443806595
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Demography In Transition by : Amanda K. Baumle

Download or read book Demography In Transition written by Amanda K. Baumle and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2009-03-26 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discipline of demography, much like the population processes which comprise its focus, changes theoretically, methodologically, and substantively as the world’s populations respond to internal and external forces. These disciplinary shifts are often identified and examined by demographers in academic journals and at annual population studies conferences. Demography in Transition is a compilation of seven studies presented by demographers at the Southwestern Sociological Association’s 2005 Annual Meeting. The works selected for this volume provide unique insight into complex demographic issues, as well as highlight many of the growing foci in the discipline. There has been a movement in demographic research towards focusing on understanding population processes for more heterogeneous, rather than homogenous, populations. This movement has resulted in an increase in research concentrating on outcomes dependent on gender, race, and ethnicity. Changes in population structures within the United States have resulted in another notable disciplinary focus. Aging populations, altering family structures, and a rise in Asian and Latino immigration to the U.S. have all attributed to novel areas of research for demographers. These timely issues, and their intersections, are central to the research explored in the chapters contained in this volume. In their chapters, these demographers examine the manner in which race and ethnicity affect access to heath care; the consequences and concerns associated with an aging population; the factors affecting Asian migration patterns; and the demographic implications of changing family structures. These chapters provide a glimpse into the current insights provided by demographic research, as well as directions for its future.

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics

Author : Alison Bashford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199706530
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics by : Alison Bashford

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics written by Alison Bashford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-03 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eugenic thought and practice swept the world from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century in a remarkable transnational phenomenon. Eugenics informed social and scientific policy across the political spectrum, from liberal welfare measures in emerging social-democratic states to feminist ambitions for birth control, from public health campaigns to totalitarian dreams of the "perfectibility of man." This book dispels for uninitiated readers the automatic and apparently exclusive link between eugenics and the Holocaust. It is the first world history of eugenics and an indispensable core text for both teaching and research. Eugenics has accumulated generations of interest as experts attempted to connect biology, human capacity, and policy. In the past and the present, eugenics speaks to questions of race, class, gender and sex, evolution, governance, nationalism, disability, and the social implications of science. In the current climate, in which the human genome project, stem cell research, and new reproductive technologies have proven so controversial, the history of eugenics has much to teach us about the relationship between scientific research, technology, and human ethical decision-making.

Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set

Author : Graziella Caselli
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012765660X
Total Pages : 2857 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set by : Graziella Caselli

Download or read book Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set written by Graziella Caselli and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2006-01-03 with total page 2857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This four-volume collection of over 140 original chapters covers virtually everything of interest to demographers, sociologists, and others. Over 100 authors present population subjects in ways that provoke thinking and lead to the creation of new perspectives, not just facts and equations to be memorized. The articles follow a theory-methods-applications approach and so offer a kind of "one-stop shop" that is well suited for students and professors who need non-technical summaries, such as political scientists, public affairs specialists, and others. Unlike shorter handbooks, Demography: Analysis and Synthesis offers a long overdue, thorough treatment of the field. Choosing the analytical method that fits the data and the situation requires insights that the authors and editors of Demography: Analysis and Synthesis have explored and developed. This extended examination of demographic tools not only seeks to explain the analytical tools themselves, but also the relationships between general population dynamics and their natural, economic, social, political, and cultural environments. Limiting themselves to human populations only, the authors and editors cover subjects that range from the core building blocks of population change--fertility, mortality, and migration--to the consequences of demographic changes in the biological and health fields, population theories and doctrines, observation systems, and the teaching of demography. The international perspectives brought to these subjects is vital for those who want an unbiased, rounded overview of these complex, multifaceted subjects. Topics to be covered: * Population Dynamics and the Relationship Between Population Growth and Structure * The Determinants of Fertility * The Determinants of Mortality * The Determinants of Migration * Historical and Geographical Determinants of Population * The Effects of Population on Health, Economics, Culture, and the Environment * Population Policies * Data Collection Methods and Teaching about Population Studies * All chapters share a common format * Each chapter features several cross-references to other chapters * Tables, charts, and other non-text features are widespread * Each chapter contains at least 30 bibliographic citations

The Rhetoric of Eugenics in Anglo-American Thought

Author : Marouf Arif Hasian
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 9780820317717
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rhetoric of Eugenics in Anglo-American Thought by : Marouf Arif Hasian

Download or read book The Rhetoric of Eugenics in Anglo-American Thought written by Marouf Arif Hasian and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ranging in subject from England's poor laws to the Human Genome Project, The Rhetoric of Eugenics in Anglo-American Thought is one of the first books to look at the history and development of the eugenics movement in Anglo-American culture. Unlike other works that focus on the movement's historical aberrancies or the claims of its hardline proponents, this study highlights the often unnoticed ways in which the language and ideas of eugenics have permeated democratic discourse. Marouf A. Hasian, Jr. not only examines the attempts of philosophers, scientists, and politicians to balance the rights of the individual against the duties of the state, but also shows how African Americans, Catholics, women, and other communities--dominant and marginalized--have appropriated or confronted the rhetoric of eugenics. Hasian contends that "eugenics" is an ambiguous term that has allowed people to voice their concerns on a number of social issues--a form of discourse that influences the way ordinary citizens make sense of their material and spiritual world. While biological determinism and social necessity are discussed in the works of Plato, Malthus, and Darwin, among others, with theories ranging from equality for all to natural superiority, it is Galton's observations on "positive" and "negative" eugenics that have been widely used to justify a variety of social and political projects--including the sterilization and segregation of the unfit, immigration restrictions, marriage regulations, substance abuse, physical and mental testing, and the establishment of health programs that sought to improve "hygiene." Women, African Americans, and other marginalized communities, for instance, have at times lost reproductive rights in the name of "liberty," "opportunity," or "necessity." Eugenical arguments are more than a creation of pseudo-science or misapplied genetical analysis, Hasian determines; they are also rhetorical fragments, representing the ideologies of multitudes of social actors who, across time, have reconfigured these ideas to legitimize many agendas.