Democratisation And Institutional Reform In Albania

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Democratisation and Institutional Reform in Albania

Author : Elvin Gjevori
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319730711
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Democratisation and Institutional Reform in Albania by : Elvin Gjevori

Download or read book Democratisation and Institutional Reform in Albania written by Elvin Gjevori and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Albania’s democratic transition – one of the longest and most arduous of post-communist Europe – has failed to produce consolidated institutions. Therefore, this book undertakes the first comprehensive review of Albania’s military and judicial reform – from 1992 to 2009 – to ascertain why military reform produced substantial institutionalisation and judicial reform did not. The author analyses the different outcomes by outlining how political elites constructed the interests that shaped their subsequent political actions. Overall, this book presents a novel theoretical account for institutionalisation in emerging democracies and sheds light on two of Albania’s most important democratisation reforms. The book will appeal to practitioners working on institutionalisation reforms, institutionalist and democratisation researchers interested in post-authoritarian transitions, and area study scholars focusing on Albania and the Western Balkans.

Conditioning Democratization

Author : Ridvan Peshkopia
Publisher : Anthem Press
ISBN 13 : 0857283251
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (572 download)

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Book Synopsis Conditioning Democratization by : Ridvan Peshkopia

Download or read book Conditioning Democratization written by Ridvan Peshkopia and published by Anthem Press. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the effects of European Union membership conditionality on institutional reforms in Eastern Europe, building on concrete examples from four sectors in Albania and Macedonia, two postcommunist countries that have yet to join the EU. The author discusses the theory of “consociational democracy,” often considered the key to stabilizing deeply divided countries, and reapplies it on the international stage to argue for how the EU can better direct democratization.

Conditioning Democratization

Author : Ridvan Peshkopia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Conditioning Democratization by : Ridvan Peshkopia

Download or read book Conditioning Democratization written by Ridvan Peshkopia and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Democratization from Within

Author : Florian Cullhaj
Publisher : Edizioni Nuova Cultura
ISBN 13 : 886812825X
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (681 download)

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Book Synopsis Democratization from Within by : Florian Cullhaj

Download or read book Democratization from Within written by Florian Cullhaj and published by Edizioni Nuova Cultura. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nonviolent revolution of Albania reinforced the belief in the West that democracy is an exportable good if Western democracies implement a right combination of pressure and aid in collaboration with internal political actors. Western pressure, coupled with technical and economic assistance was domestically understood as a conditio sine qua non for the successful implementation of the first phase of democratic reforms. However, efforts to establish a democracy in Albania raised the following question. Will the framing of the appropriate constitution and economic system - building democratic institutions and developing positive attitudes towards them - take place among Albanians through ongoing familiarization? Accordingly, the failure of the 1994 referendum on the new constitution, the overnight changes of the 1998 constitution in 2008 and the permanent stagnant economy strengthened the belief among Albanians that a democratic constitution and a functioning market economy cannot flourish if they are not rooted in an environment pervaded by a democratic culture. Furthermore, if democracy has to persist and become consolidated, it is not enough just to skillfully engineer institutions without taking into account the effect of political culture. Ultimately, this book attempts to show that the efforts made by the Western countries to export democracy to Albania and to promote consolidation through political tools generalized from other alien realities, without taking into consideration Albania’s internal political culture values, have turned out to be in the long run a ‘political abortion’. On the other hand, this book should be construed neither as a critique of democracy nor as a defense of it; it is also not a balance sheet of the success or failure of democracy and democratization processes in Albania, but rather it aims at presenting an alternative approach to democratic consolidation through Albania's authentic cultural heritage.

Human Rights and Democratization in Albania

Author : United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Rights and Democratization in Albania by : United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe

Download or read book Human Rights and Democratization in Albania written by United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Albania In Transition

Author : Elez Biberaj
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 042997096X
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Albania In Transition by : Elez Biberaj

Download or read book Albania In Transition written by Elez Biberaj and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-20 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the trials and tribulations of Albania's efforts to create a democratic political order. It assesses the degree and significance of changes since the early 1990s, providing a detailed account of the transition from Communist Party rule to multiparty competition.

Economic Institutions and Democratic Reform

Author : Ole Nørgaard
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Institutions and Democratic Reform by : Ole Nørgaard

Download or read book Economic Institutions and Democratic Reform written by Ole Nørgaard and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the political consequences of economic reform in some 20 post-communist countries, using primary quantitative data and statistical analyses to demonstrate that there is no universally applicable economic reform strategy and that popular democracy is often the foundation of a successful economy. Shows that generalized models are not productive when studying the complexity of post- communist transformation, and argues that danger to democracy comes from the alienation of citizens and the collapse of public service and education systems. The author is research professor at the University of Aarhus, Denmark. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

The State of Local Democracy in the Western Balkans

Author : Elena Gadjanova
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis The State of Local Democracy in the Western Balkans by : Elena Gadjanova

Download or read book The State of Local Democracy in the Western Balkans written by Elena Gadjanova and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A prime political objective of the EU is to bring long-lasting stability to, and foster democratisation in, the Western Balkans. This study provides a snapshot of the state of democracy at the local level in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia (including Kosovo) and Montenegro. It examines a number of factors such as: degree of fiscal and legal autonomy; provisions for citizens' involvement in decision-making; implementation of minority rights; civil society; media. It also looks at the strength and salience of central state institutions, issues of self-determination and ethnicity, and past international involvement. An analysis of the achievements and challenges to democracy at the local level is done on a country-by-country basis.

Intelligence Reform in Albania: Its Relation to Democratization and Integration Into the EU and NATO.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 93 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence Reform in Albania: Its Relation to Democratization and Integration Into the EU and NATO. by :

Download or read book Intelligence Reform in Albania: Its Relation to Democratization and Integration Into the EU and NATO. written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After more than 17 years since the fall of the Soviet Union, the western Balkans countries, particularly Albania, have not yet reached the same objectives as other Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) that are now part of the European Union (EU) and NATO. For most of the CEECs, the need to satisfy the challenging conditions for membership in the EU and NATO has acted as an "anchor" of democratization and other reforms. Intelligence reform is one of the many issues faced by the former communist countries of Eastern Europe. New threats such as terrorism and the proliferation of WMD, as well as traditional threats like corruption and crime have emerged as top priorities for the intelligence services of the new democratic governments. In the case of Albania, one of the newest democracies, coming to terms with the old regime and its authoritarian institutions makes intelligence reform that much more difficult. This thesis analyzes the challenges faced by the Albanian intelligence services during the implementation of Security Sector Reform (SSR). What progress has been made in addressing these challenges and what problems still remain? Also, what challenges will Albania's intelligence services face during the process of integration into the EU and NATO? The author contends that Albania's new intelligence structure should reflect NATO and European Union norms and western standards of transparency and accountability in a modern democracy. The reform also should prepare the intelligence services for combating new threats. Reform will improve accountability and democratic control and legislative and judicial oversight, and will accelerate the process of Albania's integration in NATO and the European Union. Romania is an appropriate model of a nation in which reform policies in the intelligence and security sectors have resulted in significant improvements. A case study of Romania's reforms provides lessons learned and best practices.

How Institutions Matter for Local Development

Author : Marsela Dauti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (859 download)

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Book Synopsis How Institutions Matter for Local Development by : Marsela Dauti

Download or read book How Institutions Matter for Local Development written by Marsela Dauti and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental role of institutions in development is well established in the literature. However, trajectories of institutional change are poorly understood. Why do changes in formal institutions result in positive consequences for social and economic development in some contexts but fail in others? To address this question, this study examines institutional change processes and outcomes in three Albanian communities - Kuçova, Kala e Dodës, and Saranda - that are characterized by different trajectories of institutional change. Kuçova is characterized by an effective enforcement of formal rules introduced with decentralization; Kala e Dodës is characterized by an effective enforcement of informal rules; and Saranda is characterized by neither effective formal rules, nor longstanding and robust informal rules. Drawing on field observation, semi-structured interviews, and archival research, this study shows that trajectories of institutional change are shaped by institutional legacy, privatization processes, and local leadership. Another concern of this study is to understand the outcomes of participatory decisionmaking. It examines the outcomes of promoting citizen participation in decision making in a context where participation did not emerge from the community but rather was promoted by municipal leaders. Drawing on field observation and semi-structured interviews with local officials and community members, this study shows that a top-down approach to participation has led to more informed and trustful citizens, but not empowered citizens capable of holding local leaders accountable. Several conclusions can be drawn from this study to promote greater participation in decision making in contexts characterized by distrustful relationships between local officials and community members. First, local officials should take a leading role in mobilizing community members to participate in decision making. Second, local officials should be well-prepared when participating in meetings and keep community members informed on local government affairs. Third, local development projects promoting citizen participation in decision making should be long term. The expectation is that decentralization will promote greater participation of community members in formal organizations, such as public hearing and commissions. What happens in a context that lacks a tradition of democratic participation? Do community members take advantage of the opportunities introduced with decentralization? This study did not find any evidence to support the theoretical expectation that decentralization promotes greater participation of citizens in decision making. Findings shed light on several barriers to participation, such as the lack of confidence in the local government and the expectation that local officials should organize community-based initiatives. This study also focuses on the everyday practices of community members in accessing municipal services and interacting with local officials. How do community members hold their viii representatives accountable? What are their experiences in accessing municipal services? Based on field observation conducted in the municipality of Kuçova and Saranda, this study sheds light on the problems that community members face in accessing municipal services in a context characterized by clientelistic accountability. Findings indicate that social and economic status, access to information, and legal knowledge shape perceptions and experiences accessing municipal services. This study contributes to institutional theory by explaining institutional change processes and outcomes in three communities that are characterized by different trajectories of institutional change. Besides its contribution to institutional theory, this study has policy and practical implications. A better understanding of institutional change processes could help policymakers supporting the development of communities transitioning from centralized to decentralized governance. Findings also inform the work of social work practitioners and more generally development practitioners seeking to improve the access of community members to municipal services and design evidence-based interventions that are tailored to community needs.

Democratization in Albania

Author : Adriatik Mema
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Democratization in Albania by : Adriatik Mema

Download or read book Democratization in Albania written by Adriatik Mema and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collapse of the communist regime in 1990 and the establishment of political pluralism marked the beginning of a new era for Albania, one of transition from communism to democracy. In addition to undertaking domestic political and economic reforms, Albania began to establish political and economic relations with European and Euro-Atlantic organizations as a means of making the transition to democracy irreversible. Membership in these organizations, including the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the European Union (EU), was a long-term objective of Albania's new political leadership. This thesis examines their important roles in helping the country to democratize, carry out democratic reforms, and meet membership criteria. It also analyzes their impact in shaping the country's domestic political development, and their role in the promotion of stability, security and prosperity. It concludes that the involvement of these organizations has enhanced not only the quality of the reforms, but also the sustainability of democratic achievements in Albania. Finally, the thesis considers the prospects for Albania's future democratic development, the OSCE's probable future role in the country, challenges beyond NATO membership, and above all, further reforms to be accomplished in light of prospective EU membership.

Intelligence Reform in Albania

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (226 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence Reform in Albania by :

Download or read book Intelligence Reform in Albania written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis will focus on analyzing the challenges of the Albanian intelligence services during the implementation of the Security Sector Reform. What is the progress made in addressing these challenges and what are the problems still remaining? Which are the challenges that these services should face during the second phase, the consolidation of the SSR reform in the process of integration in EU and NATO? Albania as a new democratic society should not wait for better conditions to vigorously consolidate the reform of the intelligence services and the system for controlling, directing and coordinating these services. The intelligence structure reform would reflect NATOs and EUs norms, the western standards of transparency and accountability in a modern democracy, but also the efforts of the intelligence and security domain for combating new threats. The reform will improve the mechanisms of accountability and control, as well as legislative and judicial oversight over intelligence and security services working under the rule of law, and accelerate the process of integration in NATO and EU. In this difficult work and without a clear scheme as how to do it, the experience of the other states that have achieved this objective is useful.

Young People and the Belt and Road：Opportunities and Challenges in Central and Eastern Europe　

Author :
Publisher : 三聯書店（香港）有限公司，聯合電子出版有限公司（代理）
ISBN 13 : 9620447700
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Young People and the Belt and Road：Opportunities and Challenges in Central and Eastern Europe　 by :

Download or read book Young People and the Belt and Road：Opportunities and Challenges in Central and Eastern Europe　 written by and published by 三聯書店（香港）有限公司，聯合電子出版有限公司（代理）. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young People and the Belt and Road is a joint effort by over 40 young people across 20 countries to tell their stories about the future of Central and Eastern Europe, China, and the Belt and Road Initiative. In 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative, which envisions a world with better development, better connectivity, and better cooperation was launched in Kazakhstan,. As a global, multi-generational vision, the Belt and Road Initiative will primarily benefit the young people of the world today. To ensure the success of the Initiative, their voices need to be heard. This is particularly urgent as little systematic work has been done to encourage the participation of young people. This publication places the focus on young people and asks them the question: what should the Belt and Road Initiative look like for you? In this book, young authors from 16 Central and Eastern European nations share insights about their countries. For the Belt and Road Initiative, Central and Eastern Europe plays a critical role in linking together Western Europe, Northern Europe, Central Asia, and East Asia. Each chapter focuses on a single country in the region. Based on the complex historical background and present realities of their respective countries, the authors present their cases of the potential obstacles and opportunities related to the Initiative and provide their suggestions for change. 《青年與一帶一路》一書是由超過20個國家、40位年輕人共同努力的成果。他們討論中國及16個中東歐國家在一帶一路倡議的機遇與挑戰。由於這是中文讀本較少涉及的領域，而且都是所屬國家的年輕人執筆，所以彌足珍貴。事實上，這些國家在聯繫歐洲及亞洲方面，都扮演著關鍵的角色。他們大都是上世紀90年代以後，由前蘇聯加盟共和國獨立，之後大部分成為歐盟及北約一員，而每個國家都有著複雜悠久的歷史、獨特的自然及人文資源，以及不同程度的發展。

Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West

Author : Anja Mihr
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030774899
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West by : Anja Mihr

Download or read book Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West written by Anja Mihr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book features various studies on democratization, transformation, socio-economic development, and security issues in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) geographical region and beyond. Written by experts and scholars working in the field of human dimension, security, transformation and development in Europe and Asia, particularly in post-soviet and communist countries, it examines the connectivity that the OSCE provides between the East and the West. The 2021 edition of this Compilation Series of the OSCE Academy presents studies on peace and conflict as well as political regime development in various member states of the OSCE as well as their economic, security and human rights performance and the challenges countries and society face currently. The OSCE is working in promoting Human Rights and Democratization under the notion of Human Dimension of ODIHR and is enhancing securitization and development policies in Eurasia, Europe, Central Asia and North America since 1991. 2021 marks the 30th anniversary on the tremendous efforts in promoting democracy, security and development. This compilation reviews some of these efforts in light of this anniversary, the achievements and shortcomings.

Central and East European Politics

Author : Zsuzsa Csergo
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538142813
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Central and East European Politics by : Zsuzsa Csergo

Download or read book Central and East European Politics written by Zsuzsa Csergo and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a fully revised and updated edition, this essential text provides a comprehensive introduction to Central and Eastern Europe, including the Baltics and Ukraine. Broad but nuanced, it offers a reader-friendly overview of the globally and regionally significant changes and challenges the region faces. Divided into two parts, the book first presents thematic chapters on key issues, including nationalism and challenges to democratic institutions and practices, the contentious politics of memory, debates over demography and migration in a region with a shrinking population, and Russian efforts to retain regional influence through hard and soft power. The case-study chapters that follow highlight key political developments after communism as well as providing a strong foundation for readers on regional history and the political and economic experiences of the communist years. Each covers the foundational topics of political history, political competition, economic development, social problems, relationships with European institutions, and threats to good governance. For students and specialists alike, this book will be an invaluable resource on this dynamic region of Europe.

Explaining Religious Party Strength

Author : Mário Rebelo
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000820343
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Explaining Religious Party Strength by : Mário Rebelo

Download or read book Explaining Religious Party Strength written by Mário Rebelo and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-30 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explaining Religious Party Strength explores why religious political parties are electorally successful in some countries but not in others. Drawing on insights from political science and sociology, this book argues that religious parties are typically formed for defensive reasons, reacting against state-builders’ attempts to secularize public services such as education, welfare, and healthcare. Building on these findings, the author argues that the strength of religious parties is determined by the infrastructural power of the state. Weak states that fail to provide adequate public services open up space for religious communities to build a dense network of private schools, hospitals, and charities, which translates into votes for religious political parties. By contrast, strong states that provide efficient public services squeeze out private welfare providers, undermining the electoral strength of religious political parties. The author tests this theory through statistical analysis, using a new dataset on all religious parties which have participated in national parliamentary elections between 1800 and 2015. He includes comparative historical analyses of Roman Catholic political parties in France and Italy and Sunni Islamic political parties in Egypt, Turkey, and Albania. This book will interest students and scholars of religion and politics, specifically those interested in party formation, voting, and political activism, as well as policymakers.

Cooperation and Enlargement: Two Challenges to be Addressed in the European Projects—2022

Author : Ghislaine Pellat
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031422538
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis Cooperation and Enlargement: Two Challenges to be Addressed in the European Projects—2022 by : Ghislaine Pellat

Download or read book Cooperation and Enlargement: Two Challenges to be Addressed in the European Projects—2022 written by Ghislaine Pellat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-12 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the ERECO-PGV[1] network wishes to make an overview of the cooperation implemented by and in the European Union and to describe the concrete forms they have taken. The issue is to analyze the internal European cooperation between economic actors, politicians, and EU citizens at different levels, but also to focus attention on the external cooperation (neighborhood policies, external policies, and collaborations with international institutions: NATO, OECD, WTO, etc.). Carrying uncompromising attention on this issue means rethinking the European project in light of today's challenges. From the very beginning, the EU was based on and called for forms of multinational cooperation, bilateral (internal and external) at different levels, involving economic actors, public actors, local authorities, and civil society. The frameworks for this cooperation as well as for the successive enlargements of the EU were drawn up in the context of European negotiations, in particular during discussions on the European Treaties. European values, standards, and rules are embodied in the texts of agreements, resolutions, and European directives and Treaties signed by all member countries. They establish the functioning of European institutions and the framework of democratic life in Europe. The emergence of current crises (Brexit, COVID-19, migration crisis, non-respect of rule of law rules, refusal of certain member countries to apply the European Charter of Human Rights, etc.) is questioning the project of the European Union and introduced the challenges which should be overcome by the proposal of the new project able to face the internal complexity of the Union and to answer to the pressure of a conflicting international context. What remains of the European ideal affirmed in the treaties of 1957, 1992, and 2007? How to "re-enchant" the common project? Yet, the European Union remains attractive to new candidate countries. How do they read the integration conditions into the EU with regard to their own projects?