Democracy In America Vol 3 Classic Reprint

Download Democracy In America Vol 3 Classic Reprint full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Democracy In America Vol 3 Classic Reprint ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Democracy in America; Volume 4

Author : Alexis De Tocqueville
Publisher : Legare Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781021641618
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (416 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Democracy in America; Volume 4 by : Alexis De Tocqueville

Download or read book Democracy in America; Volume 4 written by Alexis De Tocqueville and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Democracy in America is a classic work of political science written by the French aristocrat Alexis de Tocqueville in the early 19th century. It examines the nature of democracy in the United States, its strengths and weaknesses, and its effects on American society and culture. The book is a landmark in the study of democracy and remains a relevant and insightful analysis of American political life. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Democracy in America

Author : Alexis de Tocqueville
Publisher : Macmillan Higher Education
ISBN 13 : 1319242553
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Democracy in America by : Alexis de Tocqueville

Download or read book Democracy in America written by Alexis de Tocqueville and published by Macmillan Higher Education. This book was released on 2008-08-08 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of Democracy in America makes Tocqueville’s classic nineteenth-century study of American politics, society, and culture available — finally! — in a brief and accessible version. Designed for instructors who are eager to teach the work but reluctant to assign all 700 plus pages, Kammen’s careful abridgment features the most well-known chapters that by scholarly consensus are most representative of Tocqueville’s thinking on a wide variety of issues. A comprehensive introduction provides historical and intellectual background, traces the author’s journey in America, helps students unpack the meaning behind key Tocquevillian concepts like "individualism," "equality," and "tyranny of the majority," and discusses the work’s reception and legacy. Newly translated, this edition offers instructors a convenient and affordable option for exploring this essential work with their students. Useful pedagogic features include a chronology, questions for consideration, a selected bibliography, illustrations, and an index.

Democracy in America

Author : Alexis De Tocqueville
Publisher : The Floating Press
ISBN 13 : 1775413926
Total Pages : 1589 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (754 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Democracy in America by : Alexis De Tocqueville

Download or read book Democracy in America written by Alexis De Tocqueville and published by The Floating Press. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 1589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America (De la démocratie en Amérique) is a classic text detailing the United States of the 1830s, showing a primarily favorable view by Tocqueville as he compares it to his native France. Considered to be an important account of the U.S. democratic system, it has become a classic work in the fields of political science and history. It quickly became popular in both the United States and Europe. Democracy in America was first published as two volumes, one in 1835 and the other in 1840; both are included in this edition.

The Chicago Companion to Tocqueville's Democracy in America

Author : James T. Schleifer
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226737055
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Chicago Companion to Tocqueville's Democracy in America by : James T. Schleifer

Download or read book The Chicago Companion to Tocqueville's Democracy in America written by James T. Schleifer and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-04-02 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the greatest books ever to be written on the United States, Democracy in America continues to find new readers who marvel at the lasting insights Alexis de Tocqueville had into our nation and its political culture. The work is, however, as challenging as it is important; its arguments can be complex and subtle, and its sheer length can make it difficult for any reader, especially one coming to it for the first time, to grasp Tocqueville’s meaning. The Chicago Companion to Tocqueville’s “Democracy in America” is the first book written expressly to help general readers and students alike get the most out of this seminal work. Now James T. Schleifer, an expert on Tocqueville, has provided the background and information readers need in order to understand Tocqueville’s masterwork. In clear and engaging prose, Schleifer explains why Democracy in America is so important, how it came to be written, and how different generations of Americans have interpreted it since its publication. He also presents indispensable insight on who Tocqueville was, his trip to America, and what he meant by equality, democracy, and liberty. Drawing upon his intimate knowledge of Tocqueville’s papers and manuscripts, Schleifer reveals how Tocqueville’s ideas took shape and changed even in the course of writing the book. At the same time, Schleifer provides a detailed glossary of key terms and key passages, all accompanied by generous citations to the relevant pages in the University of Chicago Press Mansfield/Winthrop translation. TheChicago Companion will serve generations of readers as an essential guide to both the man and his work.

Tocqueville in America

Author : George Wilson Pierson
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801855061
Total Pages : 1764 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Tocqueville in America by : George Wilson Pierson

Download or read book Tocqueville in America written by George Wilson Pierson and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont, traveled the breadth of America to inquire into the future of French society as revolutionary upheaval gave way to a representative government similar to America's. This text reconstructs from their diaries and letters and newspaper accounts their nine-month tour and evolving analysis of American society.

Alexis de Tocqueville

Author : Hugh Brogan
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300108033
Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Alexis de Tocqueville by : Hugh Brogan

Download or read book Alexis de Tocqueville written by Hugh Brogan and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive portrait of the great French political thinker explores his life, work, travels in the United States, and writing of "Democracy in America."

Democracy in America (Volumes 1 and 2, Unabridged) [translated by Henry Reeve with an Introduction by John Bigelow]

Author : Alexis De Tocqueville
Publisher : Digireads.com
ISBN 13 : 9781420954128
Total Pages : 690 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (541 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Democracy in America (Volumes 1 and 2, Unabridged) [translated by Henry Reeve with an Introduction by John Bigelow] by : Alexis De Tocqueville

Download or read book Democracy in America (Volumes 1 and 2, Unabridged) [translated by Henry Reeve with an Introduction by John Bigelow] written by Alexis De Tocqueville and published by Digireads.com. This book was released on 2016-09 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1831, the then twenty-seven year old Alexis de Tocqueville, was sent with Gustave de Beaumont to America by the French Government to study and make a report on the American prison system. Over a period of nine months the two traveled all over America making notes not only on the prison systems but on all aspects of American society and government. From these notes Tocqueville wrote "Democracy in America," an exhaustive analysis of the successes and failures of the American form of government, a republican representative democracy. Tocqueville believed that over the past seven hundred years the social and economic conditions of humanity were progressively becoming more equal. The future was, in his opinion, inevitably drawing humanity towards the democratic ideal thus diminishing the power of the aristocracy. Tocqueville's predictions of the changing nature of human civilization seem almost clairvoyant in retrospect. First published in two volumes in 1835 and 1840, "Democracy in America" remains one of the most important historical documents of America and political analysis of its form of government. This edition is printed on premium acid-free paper, includes both unabridged volumes as translated by Henry Reeve, and an introduction by John Bigelow.

Democracy and the Market

Author : Adam Przeworski
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521423359
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (233 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Democracy and the Market by : Adam Przeworski

Download or read book Democracy and the Market written by Adam Przeworski and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-07-26 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quest for freedom from hunger and repression has triggered in recent years a dramatic, worldwide reform of political and economic systems. Never have so many people enjoyed, or at least experimented with democratic institutions. However, many strategies for economic development in Eastern Europe and Latin America have failed with the result that entire economic systems on both continents are being transformed. This major book analyzes recent transitions to democracy and market-oriented economic reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Drawing in a quite distinctive way on models derived from political philosophy, economics, and game theory, Professor Przeworski also considers specific data on individual countries. Among the questions raised by the book are: What should we expect from these experiments in democracy and market economy? What new economic systems will emerge? Will these transitions result in new democracies or old dictatorships?

Democracy and Education

Author : John Dewey
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Democracy and Education by : John Dewey

Download or read book Democracy and Education written by John Dewey and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 1916 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . Renewal of Life by Transmission. The most notable distinction between living and inanimate things is that the former maintain themselves by renewal. A stone when struck resists. If its resistance is greater than the force of the blow struck, it remains outwardly unchanged. Otherwise, it is shattered into smaller bits. Never does the stone attempt to react in such a way that it may maintain itself against the blow, much less so as to render the blow a contributing factor to its own continued action. While the living thing may easily be crushed by superior force, it none the less tries to turn the energies which act upon it into means of its own further existence. If it cannot do so, it does not just split into smaller pieces (at least in the higher forms of life), but loses its identity as a living thing. As long as it endures, it struggles to use surrounding energies in its own behalf. It uses light, air, moisture, and the material of soil. To say that it uses them is to say that it turns them into means of its own conservation. As long as it is growing, the energy it expends in thus turning the environment to account is more than compensated for by the return it gets: it grows. Understanding the word "control" in this sense, it may be said that a living being is one that subjugates and controls for its own continued activity the energies that would otherwise use it up. Life is a self-renewing process through action upon the environment.

Democracy and the Left

Author : Evelyne Huber
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226356558
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Democracy and the Left by : Evelyne Huber

Download or read book Democracy and the Left written by Evelyne Huber and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-09-01 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although inequality in Latin America ranks among the worst in the world, it has notably declined over the last decade, offset by improvements in health care and education, enhanced programs for social assistance, and increases in the minimum wage. In Democracy and the Left, Evelyne Huber and John D. Stephens argue that the resurgence of democracy in Latin America is key to this change. In addition to directly affecting public policy, democratic institutions enable left-leaning political parties to emerge, significantly influencing the allocation of social spending on poverty and inequality. But while democracy is an important determinant of redistributive change, it is by no means the only factor. Drawing on a wealth of data, Huber and Stephens present quantitative analyses of eighteen countries and comparative historical analyses of the five most advanced social policy regimes in Latin America, showing how international power structures have influenced the direction of their social policy. They augment these analyses by comparing them to the development of social policy in democratic Portugal and Spain. The most ambitious examination of the development of social policy in Latin America to date, Democracy and the Left shows that inequality is far from intractable—a finding with crucial policy implications worldwide.

Why Parties?

Author : John H. Aldrich
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226012751
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Why Parties? by : John H. Aldrich

Download or read book Why Parties? written by John H. Aldrich and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-07-24 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its first appearance fifteen years ago, Why Parties? has become essential reading for anyone wishing to understand the nature of American political parties. In the interim, the party system has undergone some radical changes. In this landmark book, now rewritten for the new millennium, John H. Aldrich goes beyond the clamor of arguments over whether American political parties are in resurgence or decline and undertakes a wholesale reexamination of the foundations of the American party system. Surveying critical episodes in the development of American political parties—from their formation in the 1790s to the Civil War—Aldrich shows how they serve to combat three fundamental problems of democracy: how to regulate the number of people seeking public office, how to mobilize voters, and how to achieve and maintain the majorities needed to accomplish goals once in office. Aldrich brings this innovative account up to the present by looking at the profound changes in the character of political parties since World War II, especially in light of ongoing contemporary transformations, including the rise of the Republican Party in the South, and what those changes accomplish, such as the Obama Health Care plan. Finally, Why Parties? A Second Look offers a fuller consideration of party systems in general, especially the two-party system in the United States, and explains why this system is necessary for effective democracy.

Liberty and Security

Author : Conor Gearty
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745669980
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Liberty and Security by : Conor Gearty

Download or read book Liberty and Security written by Conor Gearty and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All aspire to liberty and security in their lives but few people truly enjoy them. This book explains why this is so. In what Conor Gearty calls our 'neo-democratic' world, the proclamation of universal liberty and security is mocked by facts on the ground: the vast inequalities in supposedly free societies, the authoritarian regimes with regular elections, and the terrible socio-economic deprivation camouflaged by cynically proclaimed commitments to human rights. Gearty's book offers an explanation of how this has come about, providing also a criticism of the present age which tolerates it. He then goes on to set out a manifesto for a better future, a place where liberty and security can be rich platforms for everyone's life. The book identifies neo-democracies as those places which play at democracy so as to disguise the injustice at their core. But it is not just the new 'democracies' that have turned 'neo', the so-called established democracies are also hurtling in the same direction, as is the United Nations. A new vision of universal freedom is urgently required. Drawing on scholarship in law, human rights and political science this book argues for just such a vision, one in which the great achievements of our democratic past are not jettisoned as easily as were the socialist ideals of the original democracy-makers.

A Preface to Economic Democracy

Author : Robert A. Dahl
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520341163
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Preface to Economic Democracy by : Robert A. Dahl

Download or read book A Preface to Economic Democracy written by Robert A. Dahl and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-04-28 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tocqueville pessimistically predicted that liberty and equality would be incompatible ideas. Robert Dahl, author of the classic A Preface to Democratic Theory, explores this alleged conflict, particularly in modern American society where differences in ownership and control of corporate enterprises create inequalities in resources among Americans that in turn generate inequality among them as citizens. Arguing that Americans have misconceived the relation between democracy, private property, and the economic order, the author contends that we can achieve a society of real democracy and political equality without sacrificing liberty by extending democratic principles into the economic order. Although enterprise control by workers violates many conventional political and ideological assumptions of corporate capitalism as well as of state socialism. Dahl presents an empirically informed and philosophically acute defense of "workplace democracy." He argues, in the light of experiences here and abroad, that an economic system of worker-owned and worker-controlled enterprises could provide a much better foundation for democracy, political equality, and liberty than does our present system of corporate capitalism. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1986. Tocqueville pessimistically predicted that liberty and equality would be incompatible ideas. Robert Dahl, author of the classic A Preface to Democratic Theory, explores this alleged conflict, particularly in modern American society where difference

Deepening Local Democracy in Latin America

Author : Benjamin Goldfrank
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271074515
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Deepening Local Democracy in Latin America by : Benjamin Goldfrank

Download or read book Deepening Local Democracy in Latin America written by Benjamin Goldfrank and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-09-10 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The resurgence of the Left in Latin America over the past decade has been so notable that it has been called “the Pink Tide.” In recent years, regimes with leftist leaders have risen to power in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Uruguay, and Venezuela. What does this trend portend for the deepening of democracy in the region? Benjamin Goldfrank has been studying the development of participatory democracy in Latin America for many years, and this book represents the culmination of his empirical investigations in Brazil, Uruguay, and Venezuela. In order to understand why participatory democracy has succeeded better in some countries than in others, he examines the efforts in urban areas that have been undertaken in the cities of Porto Alegre, Montevideo, and Caracas. His findings suggest that success is related, most crucially, to how nationally centralized political authority is and how strongly institutionalized the opposition parties are in the local arenas.

The Last Colonial Massacre

Author : Greg Grandin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226306909
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Last Colonial Massacre by : Greg Grandin

Download or read book The Last Colonial Massacre written by Greg Grandin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-07-30 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades of bloodshed and political terror, many lament the rise of the left in Latin America. Since the triumph of Castro, politicians and historians have accused the left there of rejecting democracy, embracing communist totalitarianism, and prompting both revolutionary violence and a right-wing backlash. Through unprecedented archival research and gripping personal testimonies, Greg Grandin powerfully challenges these views in this classic work. In doing so, he uncovers the hidden history of the Latin American Cold War: of hidebound reactionaries holding on to their power and privilege; of Mayan Marxists blending indigenous notions of justice with universal ideas of equality; and of a United States supporting new styles of state terror throughout the region. With Guatemala as his case study, Grandin argues that the Latin American Cold War was a struggle not between political liberalism and Soviet communism but two visions of democracy—one vibrant and egalitarian, the other tepid and unequal—and that the conflict’s main effect was to eliminate homegrown notions of social democracy. Updated with a new preface by the author and an interview with Naomi Klein, The Last Colonial Massacre is history of the highest order—a work that will dramatically recast our understanding of Latin American politics and the role of the United States in the Cold War and beyond. “This work admirably explains the process in which hopes of democracy were brutally repressed in Guatemala and its people experienced a civil war lasting for half a century.”—International History Review “A richly detailed, humane, and passionately subversive portrait of inspiring reformers tragically redefined by the Cold War as enemies of the state.”—Journal of American History

Bowling Alone: Revised and Updated

Author : Robert D. Putnam
Publisher : Simon & Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1982130849
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (821 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Bowling Alone: Revised and Updated by : Robert D. Putnam

Download or read book Bowling Alone: Revised and Updated written by Robert D. Putnam and published by Simon & Schuster. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated to include a new chapter about the influence of social media and the Internet—the 20th anniversary edition of Bowling Alone remains a seminal work of social analysis, and its examination of what happened to our sense of community remains more relevant than ever in today’s fractured America. Twenty years, ago, Robert D. Putnam made a seemingly simple observation: once we bowled in leagues, usually after work; but no longer. This seemingly small phenomenon symbolized a significant social change that became the basis of the acclaimed bestseller, Bowling Alone, which The Washington Post called “a very important book” and Putnam, “the de Tocqueville of our generation.” Bowling Alone surveyed in detail Americans’ changing behavior over the decades, showing how we had become increasingly disconnected from family, friends, neighbors, and social structures, whether it’s with the PTA, church, clubs, political parties, or bowling leagues. In the revised edition of his classic work, Putnam shows how our shrinking access to the “social capital” that is the reward of communal activity and community sharing still poses a serious threat to our civic and personal health, and how these consequences have a new resonance for our divided country today. He includes critical new material on the pervasive influence of social media and the internet, which has introduced previously unthinkable opportunities for social connection—as well as unprecedented levels of alienation and isolation. At the time of its publication, Putnam’s then-groundbreaking work showed how social bonds are the most powerful predictor of life satisfaction, and how the loss of social capital is felt in critical ways, acting as a strong predictor of crime rates and other measures of neighborhood quality of life, and affecting our health in other ways. While the ways in which we connect, or become disconnected, have changed over the decades, his central argument remains as powerful and urgent as ever: mending our frayed social capital is key to preserving the very fabric of our society.

Democracy in America: Is it in Peril?

Author : Plammoottil V. Cherian
Publisher : Covenant Books, Inc.
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (864 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Democracy in America: Is it in Peril? by : Plammoottil V. Cherian

Download or read book Democracy in America: Is it in Peril? written by Plammoottil V. Cherian and published by Covenant Books, Inc.. This book was released on 2023-02-23 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Democracy in the world is backsliding in many countries around the globe at the present time due to various reasons. Different nations may have their own particular reasons such as socioeconomic inequality, poverty, failure of checks and balances that may result in an abrupt military coup d'etat to change from democracy to tyranny. In nations where democracy failed, there were no tanks on the street. Constitution of the land remained, but elected leaders became autocrats, maintaining a veneer of democracy. America, being a nation with nearly 80 percent of Christians, has been the strongest democracy in the world who championed it as the model for the rest of the world. However, democracy in America appears to be in peril because of political bickering, partisan gridlock, and promulgation of falsities, misinformation, and faux faith by one political party. By introducing the foundational principles of democracy from the philosophical arguments of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, the author shows how and why the cornerstone of democracy in America shows signs of crumbling. The book vividly explains: Politics without God will shatter the foundation of democracy. Present political system rejects the checks and balances laid by the founding fathers. The right wing has cultivated a spirit of untruth that spreads like a wildfire. Rejecting truth by political parties and leadership is a sign of strong delusion. There is a clear moral bankruptcy in the present political sphere of our nation. The brightness of democracy in America which Tocqueville praised has been tarnished. Hypocritic and dishonest leaders should not reign, lest the people be ensnared. American politicians must register their solemn oath in heaven to act in truth. No nation can be established in one day but can shatter in one day by a despot. America must realign with God to lead the nation in truth, justice, and freedom for all. Democracy turns to tyranny when a moral man becomes amoral. With biblical prophecies and instructions, the author shows that America faces a real threat to its democracy unless it resists tyrants with all their mind, soul, and strength, which is obedience to God who can anchor the nation on its solid foundation set by the Founding Fathers. Every citizen, political and judicial leaders of the nation, are the cupbearers and the watchmen of the nation.