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Demand Flexibility Models For Urban Water Utilities
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Book Synopsis Demand Flexibility Models for Urban Water Utilities by : Jose Bolorinos
Download or read book Demand Flexibility Models for Urban Water Utilities written by Jose Bolorinos and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban water utilities face converging imperatives to adapt to water supply disruptions and to a decarbonizing electricity grid. Demand management offers a cost-effective source of flexibility to utilities ¬-- allowing them to shape use of existing infrastructure for optimal service reliability and resource use efficiency with minimal investments in new, energy intensive infrastructure systems. Flexible management of the sector's energy demand can also provide scalable energy services to the grid as it accommodates more variable renewable electricity sources. Despite this promise, the realizable benefits of demand flexibility are limited by uncertainties about the complex behaviors of infrastructure users and systems. Planning for demand flexibility requires scalable, data driven modeling tools that can quantify these uncertainties. In this work, I explore two demand flexibility planning problems operating at different space and time scales relevant to a water utility's operations. The first is an urban water utility considering water supplies and conservation a semi-arid service area with frequent and prolonged seasonal water shortages. The second is a wastewater facility planning energy flexibility upgrades to limit power consumption during peak hours -- while ensuring reliable wastewater treatment. Chapters 2-3 address the first demand management problem. In Chapter 2, I develop a closed-loop water consumption analytics tool that uses customer billing data, ensemble learning, and unsupervised change detection to pinpoint the timing and magnitude of customer-level water use shifts during and after droughts. Case study results from Southern California's Mesa Water district during the severe 2012-2016 drought show consumption reductions averaging 35-40% among 80% of customers in 2013-2016. Roughly 75% of these occurred before mandatory urban watering restrictions in May 2015, coinciding instead with spikes in drought media coverage and public awareness. Chapter 3 builds on the tool developed in Chapter 2 to better understand consumption rebound after drought conditions improve. I apply survival analysis to detected 2014-2015 water savings, finding that only 25% of savers had rebounded to prior consumption levels by 2019. Survival models indicate that drought conservation persists for 8 years on average, is significantly longer in politically progressive neighborhoods, and is unrelated to receipt of water-efficiency upgrade rebates from Mesa Water. Chapter 4 explores solutions to the second demand management problem. I develop a data-driven energy flexibility planning tool for wastewater treatment facilities seeking to limit their power consumption during time-of-use hours. The tool uses statistical learning and process modeling to simulate how existing wet-weather water storage and short-term biogas storage systems can be reliably repurposed for load shifting and peak shaving. Techno-economic analysis of multiple simulation runs evaluates the commercial viability of energy flexibility upgrades given expected bill savings. Results find commercially viable investments in energy flexibility, with annual returns of 0.6-4.2% and payback periods less than 8 years. Tapping into existing, untapped sources of energy flexibility yields bill savings of as much as 6% at minimal upfront cost. Although they are different, these two demand flexibility problems are part of an integrated water infrastructure planning problem that encompasses multiple technology systems and their users. For water supply planners, the short-term drivers of customers' seasonal "drought demand response" buffers and subsequent readjustments are key to understanding the adequacy of current water supplies -- and the need for long-term infrastructure investments. For wastewater utilities, knowing the complementary value of indirect energy storage embedded in their operations allows more cost-effective use of existing treatment infrastructure, operationalizing a large and untapped source of energy flexibility that can be profitably deployed by energy infrastructure operators as they integrate variable renewable generation.
Book Synopsis Forecasting Urban Water Demand by : R. Bruce Billings
Download or read book Forecasting Urban Water Demand written by R. Bruce Billings and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Urban Water Demand Management and Planning by : Duane D. Baumann
Download or read book Urban Water Demand Management and Planning written by Duane D. Baumann and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 1998 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aims to demonstrate why demand-side management is critical to urban water supply planning and to provide methods for incorporation. This book explains how and why urban water demands have changed over time and includes methods for the analysis of urban water demands. It also offers methods for integrating supply side and demand-side planning and management.
Book Synopsis Opportunities for Urban Water Systems to Deliver Demand-side Benefits to the Electric Grid by : Jeffrey Scott Vitter (Jr.)
Download or read book Opportunities for Urban Water Systems to Deliver Demand-side Benefits to the Electric Grid written by Jeffrey Scott Vitter (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. electricity grid's ongoing transformation to integrate renewable or distributed generation, address aging infrastructure, and improve grid resilience and reliability all motivate increasing the base of available demand-side resources that offer services to the grid. Water systems have several characteristics relevant to increasing the amount of demand-side services provided to the electric grid, including unique physical and chemical properties, location within urban areas, inextricable linkages between energy and water use, and untapped potential in the space. This research addresses opportunities to provide two types of demand-side service from within the water sector: load management and energy efficiency. Improved pump scheduling at municipal pump stations was explored in a case study to quantify the influence of electric rate design on the amount of load management that water utilities can affordably provide. The analysis found significant potential for electric and water utilities to cooperate on rate design and load scheduling, and that rate structure is a key enabler of mutually beneficial arrangements. Environmental and economic impacts of community-scale water recycling were addressed through the formulation of an optimal capacity and dispatch model. The model was demonstrated in a case study, which found that the community-scale system can be economically feasible in certain areas and might significantly decrease reliance on central water utilities, but that relying on grid electricity will significantly increase demand and associated emissions. The results motivate exploration of community-scale systems within microgrids with increased availability of renewable energy. In the residential sector, very high sampling rate data is used to develop machine learning classifiers to categorize end use water events by appliance type. Classifier performance is shown to improve with the addition of coincident electricity data and dedicated sub-meter data. Results from this work have potential to improve customer awareness of water use and facilitate adoption of efficient appliances or conservation behaviors. This work is extended via a spatio-economic analysis of cost effectiveness for residential water-related appliance retrofits. The analysis unites novel data sets to create an interactive online tool that allows users to evaluate energy savings and avoided emissions based on heterogenous usage, behavioral parameters, and geographic factors. Together, this body of research identifies promising opportunities for new technology, operational strategies, and policies within the water sector to support ongoing transformation towards a cleaner, responsive, and resilient electric grid.
Book Synopsis Managing Urban Water Supply by : D.E. Agthe
Download or read book Managing Urban Water Supply written by D.E. Agthe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-11-30 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We, the editors, have long believed that a strong knowledge of relatively simple economic and engineering concepts is valuable in solving water management problems. The lack of such knowledge has been apparent to us in some of the journal articles, research proposals and books we have reviewed. The articles which have been written concerning specific local water economies and management issues are scattered over a wide variety of journals, making them hard to access. Most of the extensive water resources literature is concerned with large regional water projects or with narrow technical and regional issues. This book was written to make practical economic and engineering concepts readily available to urban water supply managers, thereby filling a gap in the available literature. It is concerned with decisions made daily, monthly, or annually by managers of urban water supply systems. The book includes basic chapters presenting supply and cost concepts, calculation of demand elasticities, use of marketing concepts, public goods analysis, water markets, industrial water demand and the use of price in water conservation. The authors have included multiple examples of how these concepts can aid in managing urban water supply. The water provider is generally a governmental entity or regulated private utility. Most books on public utilities and their management emphasize gas, electricity, or telephone rather than water. Water is different because of m~or variations in quality by source and the necessity for proper disposal of waste water.
Book Synopsis Designing Nonlinear Price Schedules for Urban Water Utilities to Balance Revenue and Conservation Goals by : Frank A. Wolak
Download or read book Designing Nonlinear Price Schedules for Urban Water Utilities to Balance Revenue and Conservation Goals written by Frank A. Wolak and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper formulates and estimates a household-level, billing-cycle water demand model under increasing block prices that accounts for the impact of monthly weather variation, the amount of vegetation on the household's property, and customer-level heterogeneity in demand due to household demographics. The model utilizes US Census data on the distribution of household demographics in the utility's service territory to recover the impact of these factors on water demand. An index of the amount of vegetation on the household's property is obtained from NASA satellite data. The household-level demand models are used to compute the distribution of utility-level water demand and revenues for any possible price schedule. Knowledge of the structure of customer-level demand can be used by the utility to design nonlinear pricing plans that achieve competing revenue or water conservation goals, which is crucial for water utilities to manage increasingly uncertain water availability yet still remain financially viable. Knowledge of how these demands differ across customers based on observable household characteristics can allow the utility to reduce the utility-wide revenue or sales risk it faces for any pricing plan. Knowledge of how the structure of demand varies across customers can be used to design personalized (based on observable household demographic characteristics) increasing block price schedules to further reduce the risk the utility faces on a system-wide basis. For the utilities considered, knowledge of the customer-level demographics that predict demand differences across households reduces the uncertainty in the utility's system-wide revenues from 70 to 96 percent. Further reductions in the uncertainty in the utility's system-wide revenues in the, range of 5 to 15 percent, are possible by re-designing the utility's nonlinear price schedules to minimize the revenue risk it faces given the distribution of household-level demand in its service territory.
Book Synopsis Using Water Banks to Promote More Flexible Water Use by :
Download or read book Using Water Banks to Promote More Flexible Water Use written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Water Demand Management by : David Butler
Download or read book Water Demand Management written by David Butler and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-12-01 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A common characteristic of water demand in urban areas worldwide is its inexorable rise over many years; continued growth is projected over coming decades. The chief influencing factors are population growth and migration, together with changes in lifestyle, demographic structure and the possible effects of climate change (the detailed implications of climate change are not yet clear, and anyway will depend on global location, but must at least increase the uncertainty in security of supply). This is compounded by rapid development, creeping urbanization and, in some places, rising standards of living. Meeting this increasing demand from existing resources is self-evidently an uphill struggle, particularly in water stressed/scarce regions in the developed and developing world alike. There are typically two potential responses: either "supply-side" (meeting demand with new resources) or "demand-side" (managing consumptive demand itself to postpone or avoid the need to develop new resources). There is considerable pressure from the general public, regulatory agencies, and some governments to minimise the impacts of new supply projects (e.g. building new reservoirs or inter-regional transfer schemes), implying the emphasis should be shifted towards managing water demand by best utilising the water that is already available. Water Demand Management has been prepared by the academic, government and industry network WATERSAVE. The concept of the book is to assemble a comprehensive picture of demand management topics ranging from technical to social and legal aspects, through expert critical literature reviews. The depth and breadth of coverage is a unique contribution to the field and the book will be an invaluable information source for practitioners and researchers, including water utility engineers/planners, environmental regulators, equipment and service providers, and postgraduates. Contents Water consumption trends and demand forecasting techniques The technology, design and utility of rainwater catchment systems Understanding greywater treatment Water conservation products Water conservation and sewerage systems An introduction to life cycle and rebound effects in water systems Developing a strategy for managing losses in water distribution networks Demand management in developing countries Drivers and barriers for water conservation and reuse in the UK The economics of water demand management Legislation and regulation mandating and influencing the efficient use of water in England and Wales Consumer reactions to water conservation policy instruments Decision support tools for water demand management
Book Synopsis Urban Water Engineering and Management by : Mohammad Karamouz
Download or read book Urban Water Engineering and Management written by Mohammad Karamouz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-01-20 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the latest developments research, this book delineates a systems approach urban water hydrology, engineering, planning, and management. It covers a range of classic urban water management issues such as the modeling of urban water cycles, urban water supply and distribution systems, demand forecasting, wastewater and storm water collection and treatment.
Book Synopsis A Water Demand Model for Intermediate Urban Areas by : Michael Thomas Savage
Download or read book A Water Demand Model for Intermediate Urban Areas written by Michael Thomas Savage and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Urban Water Planning by : Herbert Alfred Swenson
Download or read book Urban Water Planning written by Herbert Alfred Swenson and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Forecasting Demand for Urban Water Supply by : Peter W. Whitford
Download or read book Forecasting Demand for Urban Water Supply written by Peter W. Whitford and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Urban Water Governance by : Thomas Bolognesi
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Urban Water Governance written by Thomas Bolognesi and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of urban water governance. Of the many growing challenges presented by rapid urbanization, water governance is a critical one and while urban water governance is now regarded as a critical field of research, the literature is fragmented. For the first time, this handbook brings together urban water governance research, containing interdisciplinary contributions from established and emerging scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. It addresses the key questions of how urban water governance works, how is it shaped, and what the impacts are. The handbook's structure offers a progressive entry into the complexity of urban water governance. Starting with technical dimensions, the handbook addresses supply and demand, wastewater, and sanitation. It then considers regulation and economic factors, examining water utilities and services. Political processes, and the actors involved, are addressed and the handbook finishes with a part focusing on governance and sustainability, where chapters address critically important topics such as access to water, water safety, and water security. This handbook is essential reading for students, scholars, and professionals interested in urban water governance, urban studies, and water resource management and sustainability more broadly.
Book Synopsis Flexible Urban Water Distribution Systems by : Seneshaw Amare Tsegaye
Download or read book Flexible Urban Water Distribution Systems written by Seneshaw Amare Tsegaye and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing global change pressures such as urbanization and climate change, cities of the future will experience difficulties in efficiently managing scarcer and less reliable water resources. However, projections of future global change pressures are plagued with uncertainties. This increases the difficulty in developing urban water systems that are adaptable to future uncertainty. A major component of an urban water system is the distribution system, which constitutes approximately 80-85% of the total cost of the water supply system (Swamee and Sharma, 2008). Traditionally, water distribution systems (WDS) are designed using deterministic assumptions of main model input variables such as water availability and water demand. However, these deterministic assumptions are no longer valid due to the inherent uncertainties associated with them. Hence, a new design approach is required, one that recognizes these inherent uncertainties and develops more adaptable and flexible systems capable of using their active capacity to act or respond to future alterations in a timely, performance-efficient, and cost-effective manner. This study develops a framework for the design of flexible WDS that are adaptable to new, different, or changing requirements. The framework consists of two main parts. The first part consists of several components that are important in the pre and post--processing of the least-cost design methodology of a flexible WDS. These components include: the description of uncertainties affecting WDS design, identification of potential flexibility options for WDS, generation of flexibility through optimization, and a method for assessing of flexibility. For assessment a suite of performance metrics is developed that reflect the degree of flexibility of a distribution system. These metrics focus on the capability of the WDS to respond and react to future changes.
Book Synopsis Adaptive Water Management by : Farideh Delavari Edalat
Download or read book Adaptive Water Management written by Farideh Delavari Edalat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores a new framework of Adaptive Water Management (AWM) for evaluating existing approaches in urban water management. It highlights the need to adopt multidisciplinary strategies in water management while providing an in-depth understanding of institutional interactions amongst different water related sectors. The key characteristics of AWM i.e. polycentric governance, organisational flexibility and public participation are investigated and described through a critical review of the relevant literature. The book presents an empirical case study undertaken in a selected developing-country city to investigate the potential gaps between the current water management approaches and possible implementation of AWM. Feasibility of AWM operations is examined in an environment surrounded by established water management structure with centralised governance and an institutional process based on technical flexibility. The key elements of AWM performance are (re)structured and transformed into decision support systems. Multi criteria decision models are developed to facilitate quantification and visualization of the elements derived from the case study, which is involved with water companies and water consumers. The book describes how the concept of AWM, along with structuring suitable decision support systems, can be developed and applied to developing-country cities. The book highlights the barriers for applying the AWM strategies that include established centralised decision making, bureaucratic interactions with external organisations, lack of organisational flexibility within the institutions, and lack of recognition of public role in water management. The findings outline that despite the lack of adaptability in the current water management in the case study, as an example of developing countries, there are positive attitudes among water professionals and the public towards adaptability through public-institutional participation.
Book Synopsis Selected Water Resources Abstracts by :
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Urban Water Forecasting Model by : Kevin Calandri
Download or read book Urban Water Forecasting Model written by Kevin Calandri and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
