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Degradation Of Algal Toxin Microcystin Lr By Free Chlorine In Drinking Water Treatment
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Book Synopsis Degradation of Algal Toxin, Microcystin-LR, by Free Chlorine in Drinking Water Treatment by : Kimberly K. Zulliger
Download or read book Degradation of Algal Toxin, Microcystin-LR, by Free Chlorine in Drinking Water Treatment written by Kimberly K. Zulliger and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inactivation of Algal Toxins by Free Chlorine in Drinking Water Treatment by : Benjamin A. Zeier
Download or read book Inactivation of Algal Toxins by Free Chlorine in Drinking Water Treatment written by Benjamin A. Zeier and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fate and Transportation of Microcystin-LR in the Water Treatment and Drinking Water Distribution System by : Lijiao Liu
Download or read book Fate and Transportation of Microcystin-LR in the Water Treatment and Drinking Water Distribution System written by Lijiao Liu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focuses on the fate of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in water treatment and drinking water systems. Firstly, degradation of MC-LR by chlorine in water samples collected at different locations of a drinking water treatment plant [raw water, sedimentation effluent (SE), filtration effluent (FE), and drinking water distribution system (DWDS)] was investigated to assess the effectiveness of chlorine in an emergency response to cyanotoxin outbreak. In addition, the influences of operational parameters such as pH, chlorine dose (CT), NOM concentration, and particle concentration were evaluated to determine MC-LR degradation. Degradation of MC-LR was different at each location of water treatment because of the different water qualities. NOM could impact both positively and negatively the MC-LR degradation, which depended on the NOM type and concentration. Higher chlorine dose and low pH were preferable for removal of MC-LR. Although particles could impede MC-LR degradation by chlorine, the particle concentration in SE, FE and tap water was too low to impact toxin decay. When common water treatment process does not completely remove MC-LR, the toxin could enter DWDS and interact with pipe material. To understand the interaction between MC-LR and water pipe, this study investigated the adsorption of MC-LR on three kinds of polymer pipe material: high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) in DI water, tap water, and natural organic matter (NOM) water. The obtained result showed pH could impact the adsorption of MC-LR on HDPE and PVC while pH had less influence on PP. NOM also impacted the maximum adsorption capacity of polymer on MC-LR, mostly positive. The study showed the adsorption mechanism was mainly attributed to hydrophobic interaction. The adsorption isotherm results showed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms could be applied to most of adsorption conditions of this study. Desorption experiments showed the adsorption of MC-LR on polymers was irreversible. The obtained results of this study could be applied to simulate transportation of MC-LR in drinking water to develop adsorption simulation. To assess the potential exposure risk to the populace and/or develop remediation strategies for MC-LR within potable water supply, it requires the ability to simulate the dynamics through the urban water infrastructure (clearwell, storage tanks, and distribution system). This study obtained MC-LR distribution in DWDS of the City of Toledo by using EPANET and EPANET-MSX. The simulation results showed the difference of MC-LR distribution in DWDS at basic and neutral pH, normal and warm environmental temperature, with / without MC-LR adsorption on PVC water pipe, with the lowest and highest initial chlorine concentration in clearwell and each junction. MSX modeling results showed that MC-LR only influenced a small part of the whole DWDS. Reducing pH and increasing the chlorine dosage in clearwell could be beneficial to remove MC-LR to a safe level. By comparing modeling MC-LR and chlorine data with real sampling data, parts of the simulation results were consistent with real sampling data while other results deviated from them. Combined results of this study provide chemical method, understanding of MC-LR behavior and mathematical model for the water utility to develop emergency respond to microcyins outbreak produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs).
Book Synopsis Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins by : Anastasia E. Hiskia
Download or read book Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins written by Anastasia E. Hiskia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Toxigenic cyanobacteria are one of the main health risks associated with water resources. Consequently, the analysis, control, and removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from water supplies is a high priority research area. This book presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on water treatment methods for the removal of cyanobacteria, taste and odor compounds, and cyanotoxins. Starting with an introduction to the subject, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins offers chapters on cyanotoxins and human health, conventional physical-chemical treatment for the removal of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins, removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins by membrane processes, biological treatment for the destruction of cyanotoxins, and conventional disinfection and/or oxidation processes. Other chapters look at advanced oxidation processes, removal/destruction of taste and odour compounds, transformation products of cyanobacterial metabolites during treatment and integrated drinking water processes. Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Bridges the gap between basic knowledge of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins and practical management guidelines Includes integrated processes case studies and real-life examples Developed within the frame of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)–funded CYANOCOST A must-have resource for every water treatment plant, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins is a valuable resource for all researchers in water chemistry and engineering, environmental chemistry as well as water companies and authorities, water resource engineers and managers, environmental and public health protection organizations.
Book Synopsis Removal of Algal Toxins from Drinking Water Using Ozone and GAC by : Gayle Newcombe
Download or read book Removal of Algal Toxins from Drinking Water Using Ozone and GAC written by Gayle Newcombe and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxic cyanobacteria (blue green algae) have now been reported in 27 countries and are found on all continents including Antarctica. Drinking water authorities world-wide are faced with the challenge of treating contaminated water or the possibility of a toxic bloom occurring sometime in the future. This tailored collaboration project was to provide the international drinking water industry with information to facilitate the confident application of viable treatment techniques for cyanotoxins. Assessment included toxicity of the ozonated solutions, assessment of the protein phosphate inhibition assay technique and the possibility of seeding an activated carbon filter with select bacteria for removal of microcystin-LR. This report offers valuable guidance to the water supplier to aid in deciding upon the most appropriate treatment options for a range of dissolved blue-green algal toxins.
Book Synopsis Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water by : Ingrid Chorus
Download or read book Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water written by Ingrid Chorus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacterial toxins are among the hazardous substances most widely found in water. They occur naturally, but concentrations hazardous to human health are usually due to human activity. Therefore, to protect human health, managing lakes, reservoirs and rivers to prevent cyanobacterial blooms is critical. This second edition of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water presents the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins as well as their impacts on health through water-related exposure pathways, chiefly drinking-water and recreational activity. It provides scientific and technical background information to support hazard identification, assessment and prioritisation of the risks posed by cyanotoxins, and it outlines approaches for their management at each step of the water-use system. It sets out key practical considerations for developing management strategies, implementing efficient measures and designing monitoring programmes. This enables stakeholders to evaluate whether there is a health risk from toxic cyanobacteria and to mitigate it with appropriate measures. This book is intended for those working on toxic cyanobacteria with a specific focus on public health protection. It intends to empower professionals from different disciplines to communicate and cooperate for sustainable management of toxic cyanobacteria, including public health workers, ecologists, academics, and catchment and waterbody managers. Ingrid Chorus headed the department for Drinking-Water and Swimming-Pool Hygiene at the German Environment Agency. Martin Welker is a limnologist and microbiologist, currently with bioMérieux in Lyon, France.
Book Synopsis Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins by : Anastasia E. Hiskia
Download or read book Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins written by Anastasia E. Hiskia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Toxigenic cyanobacteria are one of the main health risks associated with water resources. Consequently, the analysis, control, and removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from water supplies is a high priority research area. This book presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on water treatment methods for the removal of cyanobacteria, taste and odor compounds, and cyanotoxins. Starting with an introduction to the subject, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins offers chapters on cyanotoxins and human health, conventional physical-chemical treatment for the removal of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins, removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins by membrane processes, biological treatment for the destruction of cyanotoxins, and conventional disinfection and/or oxidation processes. Other chapters look at advanced oxidation processes, removal/destruction of taste and odour compounds, transformation products of cyanobacterial metabolites during treatment and integrated drinking water processes. Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Bridges the gap between basic knowledge of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins and practical management guidelines Includes integrated processes case studies and real-life examples Developed within the frame of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)–funded CYANOCOST A must-have resource for every water treatment plant, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins is a valuable resource for all researchers in water chemistry and engineering, environmental chemistry as well as water companies and authorities, water resource engineers and managers, environmental and public health protection organizations.
Author :American Water Works Association Publisher :American Water Works Association ISBN 13 :1583217878 Total Pages :465 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (832 download)
Book Synopsis Algae Source to Treatment by : American Water Works Association
Download or read book Algae Source to Treatment written by American Water Works Association and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AWWA Manual of Water Supply Practice M57 provides all the information required by water treatment professionals to understand and mitigate problems caused by algae in source waters, such as tastes and odors, biofouling, and toxin production. With more than 450 pages and hundreds of photos and illustrations, the manual is a comprehensive reference for identifying and treating algae from drinking water sources.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms on Biologically-active Filtration for Drinking Water Treatment by : Youchul Jeon
Download or read book Understanding the Impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms on Biologically-active Filtration for Drinking Water Treatment written by Youchul Jeon and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) dominated by toxic cyanobacteria have been increasingly detected in water bodies worldwide. During such blooms, cyanobacterial cells may produce and release undesirable algal metabolites such as cyanotoxins and taste and odor causing compounds, which can severely impair water quality. Among the cyanotoxins produced by different cyanobacteria, the most prevalent in freshwater systems are microcystins (MCs). Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), one of the most toxic and frequently detected among microcystin congeners, is a hepatotoxin that can be lethal. In addition, cyanobacterial cells release algal organic matter (AOM) containing a wide spectrum of components such as amino acids, peptides, proteins, and polysaccharides. These are known to serve as precursors for disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, much remains unknown about how HABs affect drinking water treatment processes, especially a biologically-active filtration (BAF) which is considered as a last barrier in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) and plays an important role in removing various natural organic matter and meditating the source water's ecological influence on tap water bacterial community. Therefore, the main research goal of this study is to investigate the impacts of HABs on a biological filtration system in a DWTP. Specifically, the first objective of this study aimed to examine the influence of severe HABs on microbial communities in a full-scale BAF for drinking water treatment. The obtained results showed that microbial diversity in BAF significantly decreases during severe HAB due to the predominance of bloom-associated bacteria (e.g., Sphingopyxis, Porphyrobacter, and Sphingomonas). In addition, severe HAB results in enhanced BAF community function utilizing fatty and amino acids, and modularity, suggesting a presence of biodegradable compounds from AOM. Lastly, the higher relative importance of stochastic processes was observed during the severe HAB than the mild HAB, while stochastic processes were dominant BAF bacterial community assembly. The second objective of this study was to assess the impact of AOM on the performance, MC-LR removal, and biofilms of BAF. Based on the component analysis (excitation and emission matrix analysis) results, terrestrial humic-like substances showed the highest removal among all the identified AOM components and were strongly correlated to MC-LR removal. In addition, reduced empty bed contact time and deactivation of biofilms significantly decreased BAF performances for both AOM and MC-LR. The active biofilm, bacterial community structure, and mlrA gene (involved in microcystin degradation) abundance demonstrated that bacterial biofilm composition responded to AOM and MC-LR, in which Rhodocyclaceae, Saprospiraceae, and Comamonadaceae were dominant. The third objective of this study was to understand the effects of bioagumentation on the removal of MC-LR and bacterial community structure in BAF for drinking water treatment. The non-bioaugmented column showed less than 1 μg/L of MC-LR in effluent after two weeks of operation. In contrast, no improved removal efficiency of MC-LR was observed in the bioaugmented column and more than 1 μg/L of MC-LR was continuously detected in effluent. During the operation, regular backwashing had no significant effect on the MC-LR removal performance in both columns. On the basis of mlrA gene abundance and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, the decreasing pattern of Sphingopyxis sp. IM-1 abundance was observed in every backwashing. In addition, indigenous bacterial groups (e.g., the family Burkholderiaceae and Methylotenera) were positively correlated with MC-LR removal in the columns. Phylogenetic molecular ecological networks showed that the bioaugmented column possessed more complex network and negative links than the control column, indicating that bioaugmentation caused a negative influence on indigenous bacterial community.
Book Synopsis Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms: State of the Science and Research Needs by : H. Kenneth Hudnell
Download or read book Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms: State of the Science and Research Needs written by H. Kenneth Hudnell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-13 with total page 955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the ever-increasing incidence of harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms, this monograph has added urgency and will be essential reading for all sorts of researchers, from neuroscientists to cancer research specialists. The volume contains the proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms, and has been edited by H. Kenneth Hudnell, of the US Environmental Protection Agency. It contains much of the most recent research into the subject.
Book Synopsis Degradation of Microcystin-LR by Aquatic Bacteria by :
Download or read book Degradation of Microcystin-LR by Aquatic Bacteria written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by cyanobacteria. They are potentially a threat to human and domestic animals so are of worldwide interest. Microcystin-LR is stable in various environmental conditions. It is important to know the factors affecting microcystin degradation which can be utilised in water treatment methods. This research is focused on activity of indigenous microflora in biolog MT2 plates and use of active isolates for degradation study. The growth and degradation patterns were compared with the known microcystin-LR degrading bacteria Paucibacter toxinivorans (DSMZ-16998) as a positive control. A total of 18 bacteria were isolated from three different sources and screened for the degradation study. Individual isolates and P. toxinivorans were exposed to microcystin-LR in a range of different media namely, physiological saline, R2A medium, nutrient broth and water at different concentrations of 0.50 1g/ml and 10.00 1g/ml of microcystin-LR. Degradation of microcystin-LR content was analysed by HPLC. Bacteria in mixed culture i.e. natural water samples were able to degrade microcystin-LR in low concentration within a week but were unable to degrade in high concentration until 30 days at room temperature. Degradation of microcystin-LR by cell extract of active isolates and P. toxinivorans was observed. Percentage loss of microcystin content by enzymatic degradation was observed from 22-42 percent in tested samples.
Book Synopsis Implementation of Biological Filtration for the Treatment of Cyanobacterial Metabolites by : Emma Sawade
Download or read book Implementation of Biological Filtration for the Treatment of Cyanobacterial Metabolites written by Emma Sawade and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specific issues investigated in this project were: Identifying the most effective substrate for optimum biofilm formation, and the range of operating conditions for optimum removals to be achieved; developing a standard suite of laboratory tests, both simulated filtration tests and genetic tests, to identify the potential of an existing filter to remove cyanobacterial metabolites; better understanding of the lag period prior to the onset of degradation of several metabolites; and the feasibility of artificially inoculating or “seeding” filters to enhance removal of the cyanobacterial metabolites. This book is co-published with Water Research Australia.
Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment by : Mihaela I. Stefan
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada
Book Synopsis Initial Biodegradation Potential of Microcystin-lr by Biofilters Experiencing Sudden Cyanobacterial Blooms in Drinking Water Treatment by : Zhanyang Gong
Download or read book Initial Biodegradation Potential of Microcystin-lr by Biofilters Experiencing Sudden Cyanobacterial Blooms in Drinking Water Treatment written by Zhanyang Gong and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :American Water Works Association Publisher :American Water Works Association ISBN 13 :1613001169 Total Pages :464 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (13 download)
Book Synopsis Algae by : American Water Works Association
Download or read book Algae written by American Water Works Association and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This AWWA manual of practice provides water professionals with solutions to algae-related problems. Topics covered include identification of algal species, monitoring programs, and best management and treatment strategies.
Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes by : Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes written by Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes – Applications, Trends, and Prospects constitutes a comprehensive resource for civil, chemical, and environmental engineers researching in the field of water and wastewater treatment. The book covers the fundamentals, applications, and future work in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) as an attractive alternative and a complementary treatment option to conventional methods. This book also presents state-of-the-art research on AOPs and heterogeneous catalysis while covering recent progress and trends, including the application of AOPs at the laboratory, pilot, or industrial scale, the combination of AOPs with other technologies, hybrid processes, process intensification, reactor design, scale-up, and optimization. The book is divided into four sections: Introduction to Advanced Oxidation Processes, General Concepts of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Fenton and Ferrate in Wastewater Treatment, and Industrial Applications, Trends, and Prospects.
Book Synopsis Algae Detection and Removal Strategies for Drinking Water Treatment Plants by :
Download or read book Algae Detection and Removal Strategies for Drinking Water Treatment Plants written by and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2004 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual for conventional water treatment plants outlines monitoring strategies for detecting the onset of algae blooms in drinking water sources as well as treatment strategies for minimizing the adverse effects of algae on unit process performance and finished water quality. The manual draws on
