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Author : Nigel Mayson Kelly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 766 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (223 download)
Download or read book Deformation and Metamorphism in the Lower Continental Crust written by Nigel Mayson Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : S. Llana-Fúnez
Publisher : Geological Society of London
ISBN 13 : 1862396272
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (623 download)
Download or read book Deformation Structures and Processes within the Continental Crust written by S. Llana-Fúnez and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2014-06-04 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a selection of papers showing the current focus of studies of deformation structures and processes within the continental crust. The selected contributions use a large range of analytical techniques suited to the full range of structure sizes and fine-tuned to the physical process that controls the deformation, from the grain boundary at the micro-scale, the lithological contact at the meso-scale to the plate boundary at the global scale. The papers in the volume are grouped into three sections relating to specific lines of research within the analysis of rock deformation structures and processes, in particular in respect to the continental crust: structures within shear zones and faults; magmatic structures, and microstructures and rheology. These sections include papers describing field studies, experimental rock deformation and numerical modelling of deformation processes.
Author : Michael Brown
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521782376
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (217 download)
Download or read book Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust written by Michael Brown and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-02-27 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary of recent research covering experimental methods and numerical modelling, for graduate students and researchers.
Author : John Barry Dawson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781862399976
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (999 download)
Download or read book The Nature of the Lower Continental Crust written by John Barry Dawson and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examination of lithologic and structural features and other aspects of the lower continental crust, such as ductility, chemistry and regional studies, form the subject of this volume. Papers include: Seismic reflections from the lower crust around Britain; The physical properties of layered rocks in deep continental crust; Continental lithosphere strength: the critical role of lower crustal deformation; The chemical composition of the Archaean crust; The structural evolution of the lower crust of orogenic belts, present and past; and many others.
Author : John Barry Dawson
Publisher : Blackwell Scientific Publications Limited
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Nature of the Lower Continental Crust written by John Barry Dawson and published by Blackwell Scientific Publications Limited. This book was released on 1986 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Steven Earle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781537068824
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (688 download)
Download or read book Physical Geology written by Steven Earle and published by . This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a discount Black and white version. Some images may be unclear, please see BCCampus website for the digital version.This book was born out of a 2014 meeting of earth science educators representing most of the universities and colleges in British Columbia, and nurtured by a widely shared frustration that many students are not thriving in courses because textbooks have become too expensive for them to buy. But the real inspiration comes from a fascination for the spectacular geology of western Canada and the many decades that the author spent exploring this region along with colleagues, students, family, and friends. My goal has been to provide an accessible and comprehensive guide to the important topics of geology, richly illustrated with examples from western Canada. Although this text is intended to complement a typical first-year course in physical geology, its contents could be applied to numerous other related courses.
Author : Wallace Gary Ernst
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1176 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Metamorphism and Crustal Evolution of the Western United States written by Wallace Gary Ernst and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jacques Kornprobst
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306480972
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)
Download or read book Metamorphic Rocks and Their Geodynamic Significance written by Jacques Kornprobst and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From metamorphism to metamorphosis, there is only a shade of a nuance. Because me- morphic rocks are not only what they are, but also what they were, and they tell of what happened in between. What must be discovered: how to recognize in the butterfly, the caterpillar that was, or in the caterpillar the butterfly that will be? And how to describe the metamorphosis, excuse me, metamorphism which leads from one to the other? It is to this engaging history, this marvelous tale, written progressively over time, which Jacques Kornprobst leads us. If the sedimentary and magmatic rocks have been the object of reflection for a long time, for which a contradiction was established in the century in the confrontation between the Neptunism of Werner for whom everything came from the sea, and the P- tonism of Hutton who derived all rocks from the interior of the earth, the “crystalline schists” as they were called, and as we call them today for simplicity, appear most ambi- ous: they had the crystals of rocks of endogenous origin and appeared to have the strati- cation of exogenous rocks with which one confused the schistosity. These crystalline schists are in some ways the bats of the rock kingdom.
Author : M. P. Coward
Publisher : Geological Society of London
ISBN 13 : 9781862392151
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (921 download)
Download or read book Deformation of the Continental Crust written by M. P. Coward and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2007 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Francesco Delleani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Deformation and Metamorphism Relationships in Acid and Femic Protoliths of the Austroalpine Continental Crust Subducted and Exumed in a Severely Depressed Thermal Regime written by Francesco Delleani and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert D. Hatcher
Publisher : Geological Society of America
ISBN 13 : 0813712009
Total Pages : 656 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (137 download)
Download or read book 4-D Framework of Continental Crust written by Robert D. Hatcher and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2007 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book contains landmark papers on the processes of formation of continental crust from its beginnings in the Archean to modern processes, as well as discussions of several ancient and modern orogenic belts. The book is international in scope, with contributions from geoscientists dealing with crustal processes on five continents, and articles from more than 50 non-U.S. authors and co-authors."--Publisher's website.
Author : Robert Bruce Miller
Publisher : Geological Society of America
ISBN 13 : 0813724562
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Crustal Cross Sections from the Western North American Cordillera and Elsewhere written by Robert Bruce Miller and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2009 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Exposed crustal cross sections provide a unique direct view of continental crust, and are a major source of insights into variations in lithologic and geochemical composition, structural style, metamorphism, plutonism, and rheology with progressive depth through the crust. This volume provides a synthesis of crustal cross sections with a special emphasis on Phanerozoic sections from the western North American Cordillera, supplemented by articles on lower- and mid-crustal sections through Proterozoic crust in North America and Australia, and the classic crustal section of Fiordland, New Zealand. Many of the papers describe multidisciplinary research on crustal sections and include data from various combinations of structural analysis, geochemistry, geothermobarometry, geochronology, geophysics, and other disciplines. The volume also discusses common problems for the interpretation of crustal cross sections, including how sections that expose deep-crustal rocks are eventually exhumed, and leading to the conclusion that there is no simple 'standard model' for continental crust. This volume will be useful to those interested in structural geology, tectonics, geodynamics, regional geology, petrology, geochemistry/isotope geology, and geophysics."--Pub. desc.
Author : Ariel Strickland-Roll
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (748 download)
Download or read book Polyphase Deformation and Metamorphism written by Ariel Strickland-Roll and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of combined geochronology, structural geology, petrology and geochemistry on exhumed deep crustal rocks can be used to unravel protracted histories of tectonic events that create and modify continental crust. The highly extended Basin and Range province of western U.S. contains countless exposures of mid-lower crustal rocks that offer an excellent opportunity to study deep crustal processes. Two examples of this approach are described here: The Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek (ARG) metamorphic core complex of southern Idaho and northern Utah, and the Ivanpah Mountains of the Mojave crustal province of southeastern California. The lower plate of the ARG metamorphic core complex consists of deformed and metamorphosed 2.56 Ga crystalline basement and highly attenuated, Neoproterozoic supracrustal rocks that were intruded by 32-25 Ma syn-extensional plutons of the greater Cassia batholith. Crystallization temperatures of these plutons based on Ti concentrations in zircon range from 603-812 °C, and are mostly below 700 °C, suggesting hydrous melt conditions. Very low negative whole rock [epsilon]Nd values of the Oligocene granites ([epsilon]Nd = -25 to -36) and abundant, Late Archean inherited zircons contained within them indicate that the Cassia batholith formed from melting of late Archean crust that underlies the region. Deformation occurred in the country rocks to these plutons during sillimanite grade metamorphism, ductile attenuation and normal-sense shear along the Middle Mountain shear zone. Detailed study of an attenuated section of the country rocks to the Oligocene plutons revealed protracted (32-26 Ma) monazite growth and indicates an older period of metamorphism (~ 140 Ma) as preserved in monazite cores and metamorphic zircon rims on detrital grains. In the Ivanpah Mountains, exposures of Paleoproterozoic banded gneisses have been exhumed from deep crustal levels by Basin and Range extension. The granulite facies rocks preserved here contain a record of multiple tectonic events related to crustal formation of the North American continent. Orthogneisses and paragneisses are strongly deformed, partially melted and isoclinally folded with a penetrative, N-S-trending folding and migmatitic layering that dips steeply to the west. Samples of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks were analyzed for U-Pb geochronology of zircon and monazite using the SHRIMP-RG. I use trace elements in zircon, in situ monazite dating, and thermobarometry to show that copious garnet growth and the formation of the dominant, N/S striking fabric developed under metamorphic conditions of 4-6 kb and ~750 °C during the final metamorphic event at ~1.67-1.66 Ga.
Author : Kathryn Elise Dianiska
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book The Interplay Between Deformation and Metamorphism During Strain Localization in the Lower Crust : Insights from Fiordland, New Zealand written by Kathryn Elise Dianiska and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, I present field, microstructural, and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analyses of rock fabrics from high strain zones in exposures of lower crustal Cretaceous plutons at Breaksea Entrance, Fiordland, New Zealand. The interplay between deformation and metamorphism occurs across multiple scales at the root of a continental arc. I show a series of steps in which retrogressive metamorphism is linked to the accommodation of deformation. I define three main phases of deformation and metamorphism at Breaksea Entrance. The first phase (D1) involved emplacement of dioritic to gabbroic plutons at depths up to 60 km. The second phase (D2) is characterized by deformation and metamorphism at the granulite and eclogite facies that produced high strain zones with linear fabrics, isoclinal folding of igneous layering, and asymmetric pressure shadows around mafic aggregates. New structural analyses from Hāwea Island in Breaksea Entrance reveal the development of doubly plunging folds that define subdomes within larger, kilometer-scale gneiss domes. The development and intensification of S2 foliations within the domes was facilitated by the recrystallization of plagioclase and clinopyroxene at the micro-scale (subgrain rotation and grain boundary migration recrystallization), consistent with metamorphism at the granulite and eclogite facies and climb-accommodated dislocation creep. EBSD data show a strong crystallographic preferred orientation in plagioclase during D2 deformation. The third phase (D3) is characterized by deformation and metamorphism at the upper amphibolite facies that produced sets of discrete, narrow shear zones that wrap and encase lozenges of older fabrics. Structural analyses reveal a truncation and/or transposition relationship between the older S2 and the younger S3 foliations developed during D3. Progressive localization of deformation during cooling, hydration, and retrogression, resulted in the breakdown of garnet and pyroxene to form hornblende, biotite, fine plagioclase and quartz. EBSD data show a strong crystallographic preferred orientation in hornblende. During D3, hornblende and biotite accommodated most of the strain through fluid-assisted diffusion creep. The last two events (D2 and D3) reflect a transition in deformation and metamorphism during exhumation, as well as a focusing of strain and evolving strain localization mechanisms at the root of a continental arc. An examination of structures at multiple scales of observation reveals that fabrics seen in the field are a composite of multiple generations of deformation and metamorphism.
Author : M.H. Salisbury
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400906757
Total Pages : 658 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Exposed Cross-Sections of the Continental Crust written by M.H. Salisbury and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Fall of 1988, 64 geologists and geophysicists from 11 countries met in Killarney, Ontario, on the north shore of Lake Huron to examine evidence that suggests that the continental crust is exposed in cross-section at several key locations on the Earth's surface. The meeting, which was held under NATO auspices as an Advanced Study Institute, was a landmark event in that it was the first time that many of the lead scientists working on these complexes in relative isolation around the world had' ever gathered together to compare results. The present volume is a compendium of the invited lectures given on the principle sections, plus an array of supporting papers on these and other sections as well as on related topics such as crustal emplacement mechanisms, deformation and rheology. Nearly all of the best known sections are represented, including the Ivrea Zone, Calabria, the Kapuskasing Zone, Fiordland and many others. It is our hope that this Volume will serve as a reference for Earth scientists who are trying to understand levels of the crust not normally exposed to view, as well as a point of departure for new research and a teaching aid to new entrants in this relatively new field of study.
Author : Siese de Meer
Publisher : Geological Society of London
ISBN 13 : 9781862391178
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (911 download)
Download or read book Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics written by Siese de Meer and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2002 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The motion and deformation of rocks are processes of fundamental importance in shaping the Earth, from outer crustal layers to the deep mantle. Reconstructions of the evolution of the Earth therefore require detailed knowledge of the geometry of deformation structures and their relative timing, of the motions leading to deformation structures and of the mechanisms governing these motions. This volume contains a collection of 22 papers on field, experimental and theoretical studies that add to our knowledge of these processes.
Author : Jeffrey R. Webber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (964 download)
Download or read book Metamorphic and Structural Control of Magnetism Within the Lower Continental Crust, Northern Saskatchewan, Canada written by Jeffrey R. Webber and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The linking of geophysical information to tectonometamorphic processes holds great potential for the surveying of vast remote areas of the planet and may allow for the transcendence of observational scales. Investigations concerning magnetic properties of the lower continental crust can reveal an incredible wealth of information concerning the conditions of metamorphism, regional extent of deformation, and controls on the magnetic architecture of the lithosphere. This dissertation presents three contributions aimed at the integration of petrology, structural geology, and rock magnetism in order to investigate the magnetic nature of the lower continental crust, constrain tectonometamorphic processes at the regional scale in a remote portion of the Canadian Shield, and develop a new instrument and procedure for magnetic imaging at the hand sample scale. The results of these contributions indicate that the lower continental crust is not particularly magnetic and does not support the hypothesis that the lower continental crust is sufficiently magnetic to account for satellite based long-wavelength anomalies. However, retrograde reactions may produce substantial quantities of magnetite within the middle crust, which may account for these anomalies. Aeromagnetic anomalies across the east Athabasca mylonite triangle are controlled by the mode of magnetite, which in the western Chipman domain was produced upon exhumation through middle crustal conditions. Syn-tectonic retrograde metamorphic reactions in this region produced magnetite in association with the influx of fluids, which was facilitated by a releasing bend geometry of the Cora Lake shear zone. Thermodynamic modeling of retrograde metamorphism suggests magnetite was produced at temperatures of 524--617 C and pressures of 599--740 MPa during an interval of time spanning from 1,882 Ma to 1,870 Ma. These data suggest an increase of oxygen fugacity relative to the magnetite-hematite buffer during exhumation into the middle crust aided in the production of magnetite. The ability to image the heterogeneous distribution of magnetite in samples with the new magnetic imaging device has provided much detail on the textural context of magnetite growth. Ultimately, the scale invariance of magnetism is a powerful tool for the transcendence of observational scale applied to geologic investigations.
