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Decommissioned Submarines In The Russian Northwest
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Book Synopsis Decommissioned Submarines in the Russian Northwest by : E.J. Kirk
Download or read book Decommissioned Submarines in the Russian Northwest written by E.J. Kirk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until the late 1970s, most commercial power plant operators outside the United States adopted a spent fuel management policy of immediate reprocessing and recycling of recovered products. In response to rising reprocessing prices, decreasing values of re covered products, concerns over proliferation risks, and a belief in the favorable eco nomics of direct disposal, many utilities have since opted to store spent fuel on an in terim basis pending the availability of direct disposal facilities or a change in the eco nomic and/or political climate for reprocessing and recycling uranium and plutonium. Spent fuel has traditionally been stored in water-filled pools located in the reactor building or fuel handling buildings, on reactor sites, or as part of large centralized fa cilities (e.g. Sellafield, La Hague, CLAB). Because the economics of pool storage are dependent on the size of the facility, the construction of additional separate pools on reactor sites has only been pursued in a few countries, such as Finland and Bulgaria.
Book Synopsis Decommissioned Russian Nuclear Submarines and International Cooperation by : Charles Krupnick
Download or read book Decommissioned Russian Nuclear Submarines and International Cooperation written by Charles Krupnick and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the end of the Cold War, Russia's submarines were no longer needed to deter or fight Western navies and were very expensive to operate and maintain. Older submarines were taken out of service in large numbers, but without firm plans and infrastructure in place to remove and adequately care for their nuclear components, problems soon developed over the disposition of spent fuel assemblies. Problems arose also of course between Russia and the international community as to the best way to respond to the challenge. This book looks at those problems, first discussing Russia's economy, its environment, and the Russian Navy, and then covering in detail the spent fuel of Russian submarines and related nuclear problems. The engagement of the international community on the issue is then addressed. A theoretical analysis is offered on how Russia's fellow nations can help remedy a troubling environmental problem in a difficult country.
Book Synopsis Reducing Wastes from Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines in the Russian Northwest by : Sanoma Lee Kellogg
Download or read book Reducing Wastes from Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines in the Russian Northwest written by Sanoma Lee Kellogg and published by Amer Assn for the Advancement of. This book was released on 1997 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From Throw Weights to Metric Tons by : Donald A. Pruefer
Download or read book From Throw Weights to Metric Tons written by Donald A. Pruefer and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the Soviet Union's collapse, the newly independent nations that emerged from its wreckage were immediately confronted by a myriad of environmental problems, and continue to be plagued by them nearly a decade later. In a microcosm of the shortsighted planning, reckless development and lack of ecological concern that epitomized the Soviet era, 70 decommissioned nuclear submarines are currently moored in ports along the Kola Peninsula. Obsolete, damaged, or banned by strategic arms reductions treaties, they have been largely abandoned after being stripped of their offensive armament. Manned by skeleton crews, these toothless sharks hold within their poorly maintained hulls a total of nearly 30 times the amount of nuclear fuel that was in Chernobyl Reactor Number Four when it exploded in 1986. Reporters and ecologists (from Russia and elsewhere) have made a connection between that disaster and one they see unfolding in Russia's northwest, depicting the submarines as "floating Chernobyl" and "a Chernobyl in slow motion." This illustrates the irony of shifting perceptions in NATO countries about how these submarines threaten them. In their Cold War glory, these vessels were meticulously watched in the West. The threat they represented was defined in terms of the throw weights of the nuclear warheads they carried aboard. A decade after the Soviet implosion, these submarines are largely ignored. The threat they now pose is measured in metric tons of the spent fuel and radioactive waste carried within their decaying hulls.
Book Synopsis Remaining Issues in the Decommissioning of Nuclear Powered Vessels by : Ashot A. Sarkisov
Download or read book Remaining Issues in the Decommissioning of Nuclear Powered Vessels written by Ashot A. Sarkisov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Russian NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Scientific Problems and Unresolved Issues Remaining in the Decommissioning of Nuclear Powered Vessels and in the Environmental Remediation ofTheir Supporting Infrastructure," was held in Moscow, Russia at the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences on April 22-24, 2002. This was the third in this series of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) sponsored workshops in Moscow on nuclear vessel decommissioning. The first one was in June 1995 and served to focus international attention on the problems of nuclear vessel decommissioning in Russia and elsewhere. The second one was in November 1997 and it focused on the risks associated with nuclear vessel decommissioning. Attendance at the current workshop was approximately 100 with participants form Russia, United States, Norway, France, Denmark, Germany, Japan, Korea, NATO, and the European Union. The Workshop was sponsored and funded by the Security-Related Civil Science and Technology Program of the Scientific and Environmental Affairs Division ofNATO. Within Russia, the Workshop was sponsored and supported by the Russian Academy of Sciences, Minatom of Russia, Rossudostroenie, Ministry of Industry and Science of Russia, and the Russian Navy. Within the U.S., the Workshop was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. The sponsorship and support of all of the above organizations are gratefully acknowledged.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Risks Associated with Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Dismantling and Disposal by : Ashot A. Sarkisov
Download or read book Analysis of Risks Associated with Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Dismantling and Disposal written by Ashot A. Sarkisov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great number of nuclear submarines are due to be decommissioned before 2000. The political decisions surrounding the disposal of nuclear compartments, radioactive wastes and spent fuel differ appreciably between the countries that own the boats. The decision makers involved thus need help in comparing and assessing alternative options for the decommissioning of their nuclear submarine fleets. The present volume offers such assistance, with its discussions of the risks associated with long-term water storage of the boats, radioactive and chemical contamination, spent fuel and waste management, and handling and recycling reactor compartments.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Issues in the Management of Spent Fuel of Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines by : Ashot Sarkisov
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Issues in the Management of Spent Fuel of Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines written by Ashot Sarkisov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-09 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses a very important challenge of the present – complex decommissioning of the nuclear-powered vessels taken out of service and environmental rehabilitation of the centers of basing and everyday running of different-type nuclear vessels. The book specifically focuses on the scientific and technical problems of management of naval spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste.
Book Synopsis A Progress Report on 10 + 10 Over 10 by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
Download or read book A Progress Report on 10 + 10 Over 10 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Security of the Baltic States, Nordic Countries and North-west Russia by : Peėter Vares
Download or read book Ecological Security of the Baltic States, Nordic Countries and North-west Russia written by Peėter Vares and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Tests by : Charles S. Shapiro
Download or read book Nuclear Tests written by Charles S. Shapiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the human exposures and medical effects studies in the SemipaiatinskJ Altai region of Siberia that were a consequence of the radioactive fallout from nuclear test explosions that took place at the Semipalatinsk Test Site of the former Soviet Union. It contains a detailed account of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) devoted to the subject, and a selection of the papers presented. The title of the ARW was "Long-term Consequences of Nuclear Tests for the Environment and Population Health (SemipaiatinskJAltai Case Studies)". The estimated exposures to large numbers of people in the Altai lie in an important dose rate and dose domain. Hence the research reported herein provides new and unique information on the effects of radiation on humans. Also emphasized at the ARW were studies involving fallout from the Pacific Island tests of the U. S. A . . There have been over 2300 nuclear weapon test explosions to date. More than 500 took place in the atmosphere and outer space; the remainder were underground. The atmospheric tests comprise the largest source of anthropogenic radioactivity released into the earth's atmosphere to date. The vast majority, in number and yield, were carried out by the former Soviet Union (FSU) and the United States. Each superpower maintained two primary test sites, one continental primarily for small yield tests, and the other more remote for larger yield tests. For the U. S. A.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Nuclear Tests by : Charles S. Shapiro
Download or read book Atmospheric Nuclear Tests written by Charles S. Shapiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radionuclides produced by past nuclear weapon test explosions comprise the largest source of anthropogenic radioactivity released into the earth's atmosphere to date. This volume presents data and models about the fate of the released radionuclides and their possible effects on human health. It is divided into the following three parts: - Source Term Studies; - Dose Reconstruction; - Ecological and Health Effects, and comprises both Western and formerly secret Soviet research studies, illuminates past and current research.
Book Synopsis Future of the Nuclear Security Environment in 2015 by : Russian Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Future of the Nuclear Security Environment in 2015 written by Russian Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-02 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. National Academies (NAS) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), building on a foundation of years of interacademy cooperation, conducted a joint project to identify U.S. and Russian views on what the international nuclear security environment will be in 2015, what challenges may arise from that environment, and what options the U.S. and Russia have in partnering to address those challenges. The project's discussions were developed and expanded upon during a two-day public workshop held at the International Atomic Energy Agency in November 2007. A key aspect of that partnership may be cooperation in third countries where both the U.S. and Russia can draw on their experiences over the last decade of non-proliferation cooperation. More broadly, the following issues analyzed over the course of this RAS-NAS project included: safety and security culture, materials protection, control and accounting (MPC&A) best practices, sustainability, nuclear forensics, public-private partnerships, and the expansion of nuclear energy.
Book Synopsis Arms Control and the Environment by : Lakshman D. Guruswamy
Download or read book Arms Control and the Environment written by Lakshman D. Guruswamy and published by International Environmental La. This book was released on 2001 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars of law and political science, and officers in various national and international agencies and organizations compile data and warnings that the laudable effort to protect humans from the effects of military arms should not exacerbate perils to the environment. They define the issues from a number of perspectives, present case studies, and evaluate environmental impact assessments. Noting the general lack of information and awareness about the danger, they stress education. The conclusions are directed toward activists and policy makers. The 12 studies are from a December 1999 conference in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Financing Development by : Michele Fratianni
Download or read book Financing Development written by Michele Fratianni and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The critical challenge of financing development and sustainability is a key focus for the world's international financial institutions, led by the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and, above all, the G8. This volume assesses the current practice and perspectives of the major developed world countries that dominate the boards of the IMF and the World Bank and comprise the G8. It looks at the prospects for meeting the Millennium Development Goals in the most impoverished region of Africa, the way trade and finance instruments can help, and how the challenges of energy security and climate change control will affect the results. This volume offers in-depth analysis of: * how the Millennium Development Goals are to be met * North-to-South resource transfers * the challenges of controlling climate control beyond Kyoto In sum, this volume provides a critical and creative examination of what the G8 governments, especially at and after the 2005 Gleneagles summit, have done and what they should do to promote development and sustainability.
Book Synopsis The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism by : Charles D. Ferguson
Download or read book The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism written by Charles D. Ferguson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-08-21 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism, a new book from the Center for Nonproliferation Studies, assesses the motivations and capabilities of terrorist organizations to acquire and use nuclear weapons, to fabricate and and detonate crude nuclear explosives, to strike nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities, and to build and employ radiological weapons or "dirty bombs."
Book Synopsis The Global Partnership Against WMD by : Alan Heyes
Download or read book The Global Partnership Against WMD written by Alan Heyes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-08-21 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 9/11 terrorist attacks prompted a new urgency in efforts to deal with chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear proliferati on. The potential acquisition and use by terrorist groups of such weaponry was suddenly a much increased threat. The G8 Global Partnership against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction subsequently encouraged some twenty-two countries and the European Union to pledge up to $20 billion to address this challenge. The creation of the Global Partnership was the first time so many countries agreed to collaborate on a range of non-proliferation, security and nuclear safety programmes, as well as commit such an amount of resources to them. Based on extensive primary research, this Whitehall Paper assesses the success and shortcomings to date of the Global Partnership, and suggests how the mechanism can be bolstered and taken forward.
