Data Analysis with Competing Risks and Intermediate States

Download Data Analysis with Competing Risks and Intermediate States PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466570369
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Data Analysis with Competing Risks and Intermediate States by : Ronald B. Geskus

Download or read book Data Analysis with Competing Risks and Intermediate States written by Ronald B. Geskus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-07-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data Analysis with Competing Risks and Intermediate States explains when and how to use models and techniques for the analysis of competing risks and intermediate states. It covers the most recent insights on estimation techniques and discusses in detail how to interpret the obtained results.After introducing example studies from the biomedical and

Competing Risks and Multistate Models with R

Download Competing Risks and Multistate Models with R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461420350
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Competing Risks and Multistate Models with R by : Jan Beyersmann

Download or read book Competing Risks and Multistate Models with R written by Jan Beyersmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-18 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers competing risks and multistate models, sometimes summarized as event history analysis. These models generalize the analysis of time to a single event (survival analysis) to analysing the timing of distinct terminal events (competing risks) and possible intermediate events (multistate models). Both R and multistate methods are promoted with a focus on nonparametric methods.

Models for Multi-State Survival Data

Download Models for Multi-State Survival Data PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429642261
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Models for Multi-State Survival Data by : Per Kragh Andersen

Download or read book Models for Multi-State Survival Data written by Per Kragh Andersen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-10-11 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-state models provide a statistical framework for studying longitudinal data on subjects when focus is on the occurrence of events that the subjects may experience over time. They find application particularly in biostatistics, medicine, and public health. The book includes mathematical detail which can be skipped by readers more interested in the practical examples. It is aimed at biostatisticians and at readers with an interest in the topic having a more applied background, such as epidemiology. This book builds on several courses the authors have taught on the subject. Key Features: · Intensity-based and marginal models. · Survival data, competing risks, illness-death models, recurrent events. · Includes a full chapter on pseudo-values. · Intuitive introductions and mathematical details. · Practical examples of event history data. · Exercises. Software code in R and SAS and the data used in the book can be found on the book’s webpage.

Absolute Risk

Download Absolute Risk PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466561688
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Absolute Risk by : Ruth M. Pfeiffer

Download or read book Absolute Risk written by Ruth M. Pfeiffer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-10 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Absolute Risk: Methods and Applications in Clinical Management and Public Health provides theory and examples to demonstrate the importance of absolute risk in counseling patients, devising public health strategies, and clinical management. The book provides sufficient technical detail to allow statisticians, epidemiologists, and clinicians to build, test, and apply models of absolute risk. Features: Provides theoretical basis for modeling absolute risk, including competing risks and cause-specific and cumulative incidence regression Discusses various sampling designs for estimating absolute risk and criteria to evaluate models Provides details on statistical inference for the various sampling designs Discusses criteria for evaluating risk models and comparing risk models, including both general criteria and problem-specific expected losses in well-defined clinical and public health applications Describes many applications encompassing both disease prevention and prognosis, and ranging from counseling individual patients, to clinical decision making, to assessing the impact of risk-based public health strategies Discusses model updating, family-based designs, dynamic projections, and other topics Ruth M. Pfeiffer is a mathematical statistician and Fellow of the American Statistical Association, with interests in risk modeling, dimension reduction, and applications in epidemiology. She developed absolute risk models for breast cancer, colon cancer, melanoma, and second primary thyroid cancer following a childhood cancer diagnosis. Mitchell H. Gail developed the widely used "Gail model" for projecting the absolute risk of invasive breast cancer. He is a medical statistician with interests in statistical methods and applications in epidemiology and molecular medicine. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and former President of the American Statistical Association. Both are Senior Investigators in the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health.

New Frontiers of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics

Download New Frontiers of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319993895
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New Frontiers of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics by : Yichuan Zhao

Download or read book New Frontiers of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics written by Yichuan Zhao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-05 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is comprised of presentations delivered at the 5th Workshop on Biostatistics and Bioinformatics held in Atlanta on May 5-7, 2017. Featuring twenty-two selected papers from the workshop, this book showcases the most current advances in the field, presenting new methods, theories, and case applications at the frontiers of biostatistics, bioinformatics, and interdisciplinary areas. Biostatistics and bioinformatics have been playing a key role in statistics and other scientific research fields in recent years. The goal of the 5th Workshop on Biostatistics and Bioinformatics was to stimulate research, foster interaction among researchers in field, and offer opportunities for learning and facilitating research collaborations in the era of big data. The resulting volume offers timely insights for researchers, students, and industry practitioners.

Multistate Models for the Analysis of Life History Data

Download Multistate Models for the Analysis of Life History Data PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498715613
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Multistate Models for the Analysis of Life History Data by : Richard J Cook

Download or read book Multistate Models for the Analysis of Life History Data written by Richard J Cook and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multistate Models for the Analysis of Life History Data provides the first comprehensive treatment of multistate modeling and analysis, including parametric, nonparametric and semiparametric methods applicable to many types of life history data. Special models such as illness-death, competing risks and progressive processes are considered, as well as more complex models. The book provides both theoretical development and illustrations of analysis based on data from randomized trials and observational cohort studies in health research. It features: Discusses a wide range of applications of multistate models, Presents methods for both continuously and intermittently observed life history processes, Gives a thorough discussion of conditionally independent censoring and observation processes, Discusses models with random effects and joint models for two or more multistate processes, Discusses and illustrates software for multistate analysis that is available in R, Target audience includes those engaged in research and applications involving multistate models.

Clinical Trial Data Analysis Using R and SAS

Download Clinical Trial Data Analysis Using R and SAS PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498779530
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Trial Data Analysis Using R and SAS by : Ding-Geng (Din) Chen

Download or read book Clinical Trial Data Analysis Using R and SAS written by Ding-Geng (Din) Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Review of the First Edition "The goal of this book, as stated by the authors, is to fill the knowledge gap that exists between developed statistical methods and the applications of these methods. Overall, this book achieves the goal successfully and does a nice job. I would highly recommend it ...The example-based approach is easy to follow and makes the book a very helpful desktop reference for many biostatistics methods."—Journal of Statistical Software Clinical Trial Data Analysis Using R and SAS, Second Edition provides a thorough presentation of biostatistical analyses of clinical trial data with step-by-step implementations using R and SAS. The book’s practical, detailed approach draws on the authors’ 30 years’ experience in biostatistical research and clinical development. The authors develop step-by-step analysis code using appropriate R packages and functions and SAS PROCS, which enables readers to gain an understanding of the analysis methods and R and SAS implementation so that they can use these two popular software packages to analyze their own clinical trial data. What’s New in the Second Edition Adds SAS programs along with the R programs for clinical trial data analysis. Updates all the statistical analysis with updated R packages. Includes correlated data analysis with multivariate analysis of variance. Applies R and SAS to clinical trial data from hypertension, duodenal ulcer, beta blockers, familial andenomatous polyposis, and breast cancer trials. Covers the biostatistical aspects of various clinical trials, including treatment comparisons, time-to-event endpoints, longitudinal clinical trials, and bioequivalence trials.

Survival Analysis with Interval-Censored Data

Download Survival Analysis with Interval-Censored Data PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351643053
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Survival Analysis with Interval-Censored Data by : Kris Bogaerts

Download or read book Survival Analysis with Interval-Censored Data written by Kris Bogaerts and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Survival Analysis with Interval-Censored Data: A Practical Approach with Examples in R, SAS, and BUGS provides the reader with a practical introduction into the analysis of interval-censored survival times. Although many theoretical developments have appeared in the last fifty years, interval censoring is often ignored in practice. Many are unaware of the impact of inappropriately dealing with interval censoring. In addition, the necessary software is at times difficult to trace. This book fills in the gap between theory and practice. Features: -Provides an overview of frequentist as well as Bayesian methods. -Include a focus on practical aspects and applications. -Extensively illustrates the methods with examples using R, SAS, and BUGS. Full programs are available on a supplementary website. The authors: Kris Bogaerts is project manager at I-BioStat, KU Leuven. He received his PhD in science (statistics) at KU Leuven on the analysis of interval-censored data. He has gained expertise in a great variety of statistical topics with a focus on the design and analysis of clinical trials. Arnošt Komárek is associate professor of statistics at Charles University, Prague. His subject area of expertise covers mainly survival analysis with the emphasis on interval-censored data and classification based on longitudinal data. He is past chair of the Statistical Modelling Society and editor of Statistical Modelling: An International Journal. Emmanuel Lesaffre is professor of biostatistics at I-BioStat, KU Leuven. His research interests include Bayesian methods, longitudinal data analysis, statistical modelling, analysis of dental data, interval-censored data, misclassification issues, and clinical trials. He is the founding chair of the Statistical Modelling Society, past-president of the International Society for Clinical Biostatistics, and fellow of ISI and ASA.

Data and Safety Monitoring Committees in Clinical Trials

Download Data and Safety Monitoring Committees in Clinical Trials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498784127
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Data and Safety Monitoring Committees in Clinical Trials by : Jay Herson

Download or read book Data and Safety Monitoring Committees in Clinical Trials written by Jay Herson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for the first edition: "Given the author’s years of experience as a statistician and as a founder of the first DMC in pharmaceutical industry trials, I highly recommend this book—not only for experts because of its cogent and organized presentation, but more importantly for young investigators who are seeking information about the logistical and philosophical aspects of a DMC." -S. T. Ounpraseuth, The American Statistician In the first edition of this well-regarded book, the author provided a groundbreaking and definitive guide to best practices in pharmaceutical industry data monitoring committees (DMCs). Maintaining all the material from the first edition and adding substantial new material, Data and Safety Monitoring Committees in Clinical Trials, Second Edition is ideal for training professionals to serve on their first DMC as well as for experienced clinical and biostatistical DMC members, sponsor and regulatory agency staff. The second edition guides the reader through newly emerging DMC responsibilities brought about by regulations emphasizing risk vs benefit and the emergence of risk-based monitoring. It also provides the reader with many new statistical methods, clinical trial designs and clinical terminology that have emerged since the first edition. The references have been updated and the very popular end-of-chapter Q&A section has been supplemented with many new experiences since the first edition. New to the Second Edition: Presents statistical methods, tables, listings and graphs appropriate for safety review, efficacy analysis and risk vs benefit analysis, SPERT and PRISMA initiatives. Newly added interim analysis for efficacy and futility section. DMC responsibilities in SUSARs (Serious Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions), basket trials, umbrella trials, dynamic treatment strategies /SMART trials, pragmatic trials, biosimilar trials, companion diagnostics, etc. DMC responsibilities for data quality and fraud detection (Fraud Recovery Plan) Use of patient reported outcomes of safety Use of meta analysis and data outside the trial New ideas for training and compensation of DMC members Jay Herson is Senior Associate, Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health where he teaches courses on clinical trials and drug development based on his many years experience in clinical trials in academia and the pharmaceutical industry.

Analyzing Longitudinal Clinical Trial Data

Download Analyzing Longitudinal Clinical Trial Data PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351737694
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Analyzing Longitudinal Clinical Trial Data by : Craig Mallinckrodt

Download or read book Analyzing Longitudinal Clinical Trial Data written by Craig Mallinckrodt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzing Longitudinal Clinical Trial Data: A Practical Guide provides practical and easy to implement approaches for bringing the latest theory on analysis of longitudinal clinical trial data into routine practice.The book, with its example-oriented approach that includes numerous SAS and R code fragments, is an essential resource for statisticians and graduate students specializing in medical research. The authors provide clear descriptions of the relevant statistical theory and illustrate practical considerations for modeling longitudinal data. Topics covered include choice of endpoint and statistical test; modeling means and the correlations between repeated measurements; accounting for covariates; modeling categorical data; model verification; methods for incomplete (missing) data that includes the latest developments in sensitivity analyses, along with approaches for and issues in choosing estimands; and means for preventing missing data. Each chapter stands alone in its coverage of a topic. The concluding chapters provide detailed advice on how to integrate these independent topics into an over-arching study development process and statistical analysis plan.

The Economics of Women and Work in the Global Economy

Download The Economics of Women and Work in the Global Economy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000620433
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Economics of Women and Work in the Global Economy by : Reyna Elizabeth Rodríguez Pérez

Download or read book The Economics of Women and Work in the Global Economy written by Reyna Elizabeth Rodríguez Pérez and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-07-25 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an analysis of the key issues faced by women in the labor market in the 21st century. It identifies the factors that inhibit women's participation in the labor market, studies occupational segregation by gender and analyzes labor transitions, questioning whether the experience for men and women differs. It also explores the effect of entrepreneurship support programs on women's economic and social positions, as well as the public policy implications of women's entry into the labor market. The book investigates working women in Mexico and also offers comparisons with countries such as Spain and developing countries within Eastern Europe. It explores a variety of topics, from a gender perspective, such as labor participation, the feminization of poverty, migration, wage gaps, changes in employment, informal work programs and public policy. Finally, the book offers a topical and timely analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic, tracking the gender inequalities among men and women in labor markets. The main market for the book is the global community of academics, researchers and graduate students in the fields of economics and, specifically, in the study of the labor market from a gender perspective. It will also be beneficial to government institutions responsible for the creation of public programs and policies, as well as non-governmental and non-profit organizations.

Medical Biostatistics

Download Medical Biostatistics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 149879954X
Total Pages : 984 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Medical Biostatistics by : Abhaya Indrayan

Download or read book Medical Biostatistics written by Abhaya Indrayan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedic in breadth, yet practical and concise, Medical Biostatistics, Fourth Edition focuses on the statistical aspects ofmedicine with a medical perspective, showing the utility of biostatistics as a tool to manage many medical uncertainties. This edition includes more topics in order to fill gaps in the previous edition. Various topics have been enlarged and modified as per the new understanding of the subject.

Clinical Trial Optimization Using R

Download Clinical Trial Optimization Using R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498735088
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Trial Optimization Using R by : Alex Dmitrienko

Download or read book Clinical Trial Optimization Using R written by Alex Dmitrienko and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-10 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Trial Optimization Using R explores a unified and broadly applicable framework for optimizing decision making and strategy selection in clinical development, through a series of examples and case studies. It provides the clinical researcher with a powerful evaluation paradigm, as well as supportive R tools, to evaluate and select among simultaneous competing designs or analysis options. It is applicable broadly to statisticians and other quantitative clinical trialists, who have an interest in optimizing clinical trials, clinical trial programs, or associated analytics and decision making. This book presents in depth the Clinical Scenario Evaluation (CSE) framework, and discusses optimization strategies, including the quantitative assessment of tradeoffs. A variety of common development challenges are evaluated as case studies, and used to show how this framework both simplifies and optimizes strategy selection. Specific settings include optimizing adaptive designs, multiplicity and subgroup analysis strategies, and overall development decision-making criteria around Go/No-Go. After this book, the reader will be equipped to extend the CSE framework to their particular development challenges as well.

Cluster Randomised Trials

Download Cluster Randomised Trials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498728235
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cluster Randomised Trials by : Richard J. Hayes

Download or read book Cluster Randomised Trials written by Richard J. Hayes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cluster Randomised Trials, Second Edition discusses the design, conduct, and analysis of trials that randomise groups of individuals to different treatments. It explores the advantages of cluster randomisation, with special attention given to evaluating the effects of interventions against infectious diseases. Avoiding unnecessary mathematical detail, the book covers basic concepts underlying the use of cluster randomisation, such as direct, indirect, and total effects. In the time since the publication of the first edition, the use of cluster randomised trials (CRTs) has increased substantially, which is reflected in the updates to this edition. There are greatly expanded sections on randomisation, sample size estimation, and alternative designs, including new material on stepped wedge designs. There is a new section on handling ordinal outcome data, and an appendix with descriptions and/or generating code of the example data sets. Although the book mainly focuses on medical and public health applications, it shows that the rigorous evidence of intervention effects provided by CRTs has the potential to inform public policy in a wide range of other areas. The book encourages readers to apply the methods to their own trials, reproduce the analyses presented, and explore alternative approaches.

Randomization, Masking, and Allocation Concealment

Download Randomization, Masking, and Allocation Concealment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315305100
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Randomization, Masking, and Allocation Concealment by : Vance Berger

Download or read book Randomization, Masking, and Allocation Concealment written by Vance Berger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Randomization, Masking, and Allocation Concealment is indispensable for any trial researcher who wants to use state of the art randomization methods, and also wants to be able to describe these methods correctly. Far too often the subtle nuances that distinguish proper randomization from flawed randomization are completely ignored in trial reports that state only that randomization was used, with no additional information. Experience has shown that in many cases, the type of randomization that was used was flawed. It is only a matter of time before medical journals and regulatory agencies come to realize that we can no longer rely on (or publish) flawed trials, and that flawed randomization in and of itself disqualifies a trial from being robust or high quality, even if that trial is of high quality otherwise. This book will help to clarify the role randomization plays in ensuring internal validity, and in drawing valid inferences from the data. The various chapters cover a variety of randomization methods, and are not limited to the most common (and most flawed) ones. Readers will come away with a profound understanding of what constitutes a valid randomization procedure, so that they can distinguish the valid from the flawed among not only existing methods but also methods yet to be developed.

Quantitative Methods for HIV/AIDS Research

Download Quantitative Methods for HIV/AIDS Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498734251
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Quantitative Methods for HIV/AIDS Research by : Cliburn Chan

Download or read book Quantitative Methods for HIV/AIDS Research written by Cliburn Chan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative Methods in HIV/AIDS Research provides a comprehensive discussion of modern statistical approaches for the analysis of HIV/AIDS data. The first section focuses on statistical issues in clinical trials and epidemiology that are unique to or particularly challenging in HIV/AIDS research; the second section focuses on the analysis of laboratory data used for immune monitoring, biomarker discovery and vaccine development; the final section focuses on statistical issues in the mathematical modeling of HIV/AIDS pathogenesis, treatment and epidemiology. This book brings together a broad perspective of new quantitative methods in HIV/AIDS research, contributed by statisticians and mathematicians immersed in HIV research, many of whom are current or previous leaders of CFAR quantitative cores. It is the editors’ hope that the work will inspire more statisticians, mathematicians and computer scientists to collaborate and contribute to the interdisciplinary challenges of understanding and addressing the AIDS pandemic.

Applied Biclustering Methods for Big and High-Dimensional Data Using R

Download Applied Biclustering Methods for Big and High-Dimensional Data Using R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482208245
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied Biclustering Methods for Big and High-Dimensional Data Using R by : Adetayo Kasim

Download or read book Applied Biclustering Methods for Big and High-Dimensional Data Using R written by Adetayo Kasim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-03 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proven Methods for Big Data Analysis As big data has become standard in many application areas, challenges have arisen related to methodology and software development, including how to discover meaningful patterns in the vast amounts of data. Addressing these problems, Applied Biclustering Methods for Big and High-Dimensional Data Using R shows how to apply biclustering methods to find local patterns in a big data matrix. The book presents an overview of data analysis using biclustering methods from a practical point of view. Real case studies in drug discovery, genetics, marketing research, biology, toxicity, and sports illustrate the use of several biclustering methods. References to technical details of the methods are provided for readers who wish to investigate the full theoretical background. All the methods are accompanied with R examples that show how to conduct the analyses. The examples, software, and other materials are available on a supplementary website.