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Cytoplasmic Fate Of Messenger Rna
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Book Synopsis Cytoplasmic fate of messenger RNA by : Philippe Jeanteur
Download or read book Cytoplasmic fate of messenger RNA written by Philippe Jeanteur and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among all cellular RNA species of the three main types, ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA or messenger RNA, be they from prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms, the prokaryotic mRNA is unique in that it has no precursor and is synthesized in the same mature form as it is translated into proteins. In fact, ribosomes join the nascent mRNA chain and engage in protein synthesis long before its transcription is complete. Provisions are even made for slowing down the ribo somes at some sites to prevent them from catching up with the RNA-polymerase. Of course, such a situation is only possible in the prokaryotic world where there is no such thing as a nuclear mem brane physically secluding the transcription process from the cy toplasm where translation is restricted. Quite in the opposite extreme, the eukaryotic pre-messenger RNA has to suffer many and sometimes drastic steps of maturation (capping, polyadenylation, splicing, edition) before the decision is made to export it to the cytoplasm. That is where it enters the scope of this book. Once in the cytoplasm, many options are still open to it: its entrance into polysomes may be delayed (as it is in unfertilized eggs) or merely prohibited (ferritin mRNA in iron-starved cells), directed to specific locations within the cytoplasm or be more or less rapidly degraded. During gametogenesis and early development, translational control is probably the most significant level of gene expression.
Book Synopsis Cytoplasmic Fate of Messenger RNA by : Philippe Jeanteur
Download or read book Cytoplasmic Fate of Messenger RNA written by Philippe Jeanteur and published by . This book was released on 1996-11-04 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the current knowledge on a cascade of gene regulation levels which operate in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and which has until recently been poorly understood. While transcriptional control of eukaryotic genes has been extensively researched and the understanding of this process has reached very sophisticated levels, post- transcriptional control has received much less attention. As the contributions in this book demonstrate, not only is post-transcriptional control in eukaryotes better understood, it is now thought to be a major player in gene expression control in a number of key processes, i.e. control of cell proliferation, gametogenesis and early development or cellular homeostasis.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis mRNA Processing and Metabolism by : Daniel R. Schoenberg
Download or read book mRNA Processing and Metabolism written by Daniel R. Schoenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cells possess a wealth of posttranscriptional control mechanisms that impact on every conceivable aspect of the life of an mRNA. These processes are intimately intertwined in an almost baroque manner, where promoter context influences the recruitment of splicing factors, where the majority of pre-mRNAs undergo alternative splicing, and where proteins deposited during nuclear processing impact distal cytoplasmic processing, translation, and decay. If there is a unifying theme to mRNA Processing and Metabolism: Methods and Protocols, it is that mRNA processing and metabolism are integrated processes. Many of the techniques used to study mRNA have been described in a previous volume of this series (RNA–Protein Interaction Protocols, Susan Haynes, ed.) and specialized methods journals. In selecting topics for mRNA Processing and Metabolism: Methods and Protocols, I sought input on new and novel techniques and approaches that build on this foundation using technological advances in microscopy, whole genome sequencing, microarrays, mass spectrometry, fluorescent detection methodologies, and RNA interference. I have tried not to bias this book toward any single model organism, and approaches described in the various chapters use yeast, Drosophila, Xenopus, mice, plants, and cultured mammalian cells.
Book Synopsis Cell Biology by the Numbers by : Ron Milo
Download or read book Cell Biology by the Numbers written by Ron Milo and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2015-12-07 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Top 25 CHOICE 2016 Title, and recipient of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title (OAT) Award. How much energy is released in ATP hydrolysis? How many mRNAs are in a cell? How genetically similar are two random people? What is faster, transcription or translation?Cell Biology by the Numbers explores these questions and dozens of others provid
Book Synopsis RNA Exosome by : Torben Heick Jensen
Download or read book RNA Exosome written by Torben Heick Jensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diversity of RNAs inside living cells is amazing. We have known of the more “classic” RNA species: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA for some time now, but in a steady stream new types of molecules are being described as it is becoming clear that most of the genomic information of cells ends up in RNA. To deal with the enormous load of resulting RNA processing and degradation reactions, cells need adequate and efficient molecular machines. The RNA exosome is arising as a major facilitator to this effect. Structural and functional data gathered over the last decade have illustrated the biochemical importance of this multimeric complex and its many co-factors, revealing its enormous regulatory power. By gathering some of the most prominent researchers in the exosome field, it is the aim of this volume to introduce this fascinating protein complex as well as to give a timely and rich account of its many functions. The exosome was discovered more than a decade ago by Phil Mitchell and David Tollervey by its ability to trim the 3’end of yeast, S. cerevisiae, 5. 8S rRNA. In a historic account they laid out the events surrounding this identification and the subsequent birth of the research field. In the chapter by Kurt Januszyk and Christopher Lima the structural organization of eukaryotic exosomes and their evolutionary counterparts in bacteria and archaea are discussed in large part through presentation of structures.
Book Synopsis RNA Turnover in Eukaryotes: Analysis of Specialized and Quality Control RNA Decay Pathways by : Lynne E. Maquat
Download or read book RNA Turnover in Eukaryotes: Analysis of Specialized and Quality Control RNA Decay Pathways written by Lynne E. Maquat and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-12-29 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specific complexes of protein and RNA carry out many essential biological functions, including RNA processing, RNA turnover, and RNA folding, as well as the translation of genetic information from mRNA into protein sequences. Messenger RNA (mRNA) decay is now emerging as an important control point and a major contributor to gene expression. Continuing identification of the protein factors and cofactors and mRNA instability elements responsible for mRNA decay allow researchers to build a comprehensive picture of the highly orchestrated processes involved in mRNA decay and its regulation. * Covers the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) or mRNA surveillance pathway * Expert researchers introduce the most advanced technologies and techniques * Offers step-by-step lab instructions, including necessary equipment and reagents
Book Synopsis RNA Binding Proteins by : Kathryn Sandberg
Download or read book RNA Binding Proteins written by Kathryn Sandberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA binding proteins are an exciting area of research in gene regulation. A multitude of RNA-protein interactions are used to regulate gene expression including pre-mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, editing, transport, cytoplasmic targeting, translation and mRNA turnover. In addition to these post-transcriptional processes, RNA-protein interactions play a key role in transcription as illustrated by the life cycle of retroviruses. Unlike DNA, the structure of RNA is highly variable and conformationally flexible, thus creating a number of unique binding sites and the potential for complex regulation by RNA binding proteins. Although there is a wide range of topics included in this volume, general themes have been repeated, highlighting the overall integrative nature of RNA binding proteins. The chapters have been separated into three different sections: Translational Control; mRNA Metabolism; and Hormonal and Homeostatic Regulation. The chapters of this volume were written with the seasoned investigator and student in mind. Summaries of key concepts are reviewed within each chapter as well as guiding questions that can be used to stimulate class discussions. The Editors of this volume hope that this compendium educates, enthralls, and stimulates the readers to look to the future possibilities in this rapidly evolving field.
Book Synopsis Control of Messenger RNA Stability by : Joel G. Belasco
Download or read book Control of Messenger RNA Stability written by Joel G. Belasco and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive review of mRNA stability and its implications for regulation of gene expression. Written by experts in the field, Control of Messenger RNA Stability serves both as a reference for specialists in regulation of mRNA stability and as a general introduction for a broader community of scientists. - Provides perspectives from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems - Offers a timely, comprehensive review of mRNA degradation, its regulation, and its significance in the control of gene expression - Discusses the mechanisms, RNA structural determinants, and cellular factors that control mRNA degradation - Evaluates experimental procedures for studying mRNA degradation
Book Synopsis Degradation of Messenger RNA in Cytoplasmic Extracts of Mammalian Cells by : Margaret Coutts
Download or read book Degradation of Messenger RNA in Cytoplasmic Extracts of Mammalian Cells written by Margaret Coutts and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Biology of mRNA: Structure and Function by : Marlene Oeffinger
Download or read book The Biology of mRNA: Structure and Function written by Marlene Oeffinger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an overview on the different aspects of gene regulation from an mRNA centric viewpoint, including how mRNA is assembled and self-assembles in a complex consisting of RNA and proteins, and how its ability to be translated at the right time and space depends on many processes acting on the mRNAs, leading to a properly folded complex. This book shows how new technologies have led to a better understanding of these processes and their connected diseases.The book is written for scientists in fundamental and applied biomedical research working on different aspects of gene regulation. It is also targeted to an audience that is not implicated in these fields directly, but wants to gain a better understanding of mRNA biology.
Book Synopsis Plant RNA Biology by : Dóra Szakonyi
Download or read book Plant RNA Biology written by Dóra Szakonyi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-18 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discoveries from the past decades revealed that RNA molecules are much more than inert intermediates between the coding DNA sequences and their functional products, proteins. Today, RNAs are recognized as active regulatory molecules influencing gene expression, chromatin organization and genome stability, thus impacting all aspects of plant life including development, growth, reproduction and stress tolerance. Innovations in methodologies, the expanding application of next-generation sequencing technologies, and the creation of public datasets and databases have exposed a new universe of RNA-based mechanisms and led to the discovery of new families of non-coding RNAs, uncovered the large extent of alternative splicing events, and highlighted the potential roles of RNA modifications and RNA secondary structures. Furthermore, considerable advances have been made in identifying RNA-binding and processing factors involved in the synthesis and maturation of different forms of RNA molecules as well as in RNA processing, biochemical modifications or degradation. This Research Topic showcases the broad biological significance of RNAs in plant systems and contains eight original research articles, one review and four mini-reviews, covering various RNA-based mechanisms in higher plants. Emerging new technologies and novel multidisciplinary approaches are empowering the scientific community and will expectedly bring novel insights into our understanding of the mechanisms through which RNA is regulated and regulates biological processes in plant cells.
Book Synopsis Studies on the Nuclear Transport, Cytoplasmic Stability, and Accumulation of Messenger RNA by : Aixa Alfonso-Pizarro
Download or read book Studies on the Nuclear Transport, Cytoplasmic Stability, and Accumulation of Messenger RNA written by Aixa Alfonso-Pizarro and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis RNA Damage and Repair by : Ioly Kotta-Loizou
Download or read book RNA Damage and Repair written by Ioly Kotta-Loizou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-04 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a macromolecule that plays a central role in cell physiology: RNA molecules act as intermediates between the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), where genetic information is stored, and proteins, which perform the necessary functions within the cell. Traditionally, the structural and functional properties of RNA are closely linked to gene expression. However, RNA-based enzymes, called ribozymes, are also involved in catalysis and small RNAs regulate key cellular processes, such as cell growth, division, differentiation, aging and death. RNA is a sensitive macromolecule that can be easily damaged by environmental conditions (ultraviolet radiation, oxidative stress) and biological factors (ribonucleases, ribotoxins, CRISPR-Cas systems). Therefore, cells have developed mechanisms to protect and/or repair RNA molecules. This book presents an overview of the biology of RNA damage, protection and repair in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Individual chapters cover the expression regulation, enzymology and physiological role of such systems, and link them to important human diseases such as cancer and degenerative diseases.
Book Synopsis Synthetic mRNA by : Robert E. Rhoads
Download or read book Synthetic mRNA written by Robert E. Rhoads and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-05-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents detailed laboratory protocols for in vitro synthesis of mRNA with favorable properties, its introduction into cells by a variety of techniques, and the measurement of physiological and clinical consequences such as protein replacement and cancer immunotherapy. Synthetic techniques are described for structural features in mRNA that provide investigational tools such as fluorescence emission, click chemistry, photo-chemical crosslinking, and that produce mRNA with increased stability in the cell, increased translational efficiency, and reduced activation of the innate immune response. Protocols are described for clinical applications such as large-scale transfection of dendritic cells, production of GMP-grade mRNA, redirecting T cell specificity, and use of molecular adjuvants for RNA vaccines. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Synthetic mRNA: Production, Introduction into Cells, and Physiological Consequences is a valuable and cutting-edge resource for both laboratory investigators and clinicians interested in this powerful and rapidly evolving technology.
Book Synopsis RNA Turnover in Eukaryotes: Nucleases, Pathways and Analysis of mRNA Decay by : Lynne E. Maquat
Download or read book RNA Turnover in Eukaryotes: Nucleases, Pathways and Analysis of mRNA Decay written by Lynne E. Maquat and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-01-30 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specific complexes of protein and RNA carry out many essential biological functions, including RNA processing, RNA turnover, RNA folding, as well as the translation of genetic information from mRNA into protein sequences. Messenger RNA (mRNA) decay is now emerging as an important control point and a major contributor to gene expression. Continuing identification of the protein factors and cofactors, and mRNA instability elements responsible for mRNA decay allow researchers to build a comprehensive picture of the highly orchestrated processes involved in mRNA decay and its regulation. - Covers the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) or mRNA surveillance pathway - Expert researchers introduce the most advanced technologies and techniques to identify mRNA processing, transport, localization and turnover, which are central to the process of gene expression - Offers step-by-step lab instructions, including necessary equipment and reagents
Download or read book Fungal RNA Biology written by Ane Sesma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of the RNA networks controlling gene expression in fungi highlighting the remaining questions and future challenges in this area. It covers several aspects of the RNA-mediated mechanisms that regulate gene expression in model yeasts and filamentous fungi, organisms of great importance for industry, medicine and agriculture. It is estimated that there are more than one million fungal species on the Earth. Despite their diversity (saprophytic, parasitic and mutualistic), fungi share common features distinctive from plants and animals and have been grouped taxonomically as an independent eukaryotic kingdom. In this book, 15 chapters written by experts in their fields cover the RNA-dependent processes that take place in a fungal cell ranging from formation of coding and non-coding RNAs to mRNA translation, ribosomal RNA biogenesis, gene silencing, RNA editing and epigenetic regulation.
