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Author : Rosa L. C. Hsu Liu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (272 download)
Download or read book Respiration of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Vitro written by Rosa L. C. Hsu Liu and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ann-Marie Rascop Miller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (27 download)
Download or read book Biochemical and Histological Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in the Rat written by Ann-Marie Rascop Miller and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. O. Ali
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (593 download)
Download or read book Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Cottonseed written by A. O. Ali and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tai-Fen Wei
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)
Download or read book Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Cottonseed Products Processed for Human Consumption ... written by Tai-Fen Wei and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Katherine Marie Schmid
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (187 download)
Download or read book Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Fungal Growth and Lipid Composition written by Katherine Marie Schmid and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Caroll Marie Combs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book Some Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdnerii) written by Caroll Marie Combs and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diets containing cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) were fed to rainbow trout. At a level of 223 ppm (from Sterculia foetida oil), these CPFA in six weeks reduced weight gain by as much as 50 percent over the control fish on the same diet without CPFA. Compounds containing the intact cyclopropene ring were recovered from the tissue lipids of the trout at approximately two-thirds of the level fed. These acids seemed to concentrate in the egg lipids of the adult female fish. At 223 and 2233 ppm (from S. foetida oil) and 50 ppm (from food grade cottonseed flour) the CPFA were demonstrated to alter lipid metabolism. In general, the CPFA fed fish had higher stearic and palmitic acid levels and lower oleic and palmitoleic acid levels in their tissue lipids than did the controls. On diets containing corn oil or corn oil plus salmon oil, fish fed CPFA tended to deposit more long chain unsaturated fatty acids than did their controls. When provided with tristearin as the sole dietary lipid, the CPFA fed fish reduced the level of unsaturation of their tissue lipids.
Author : Edward Thomas Sheehan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (292 download)
Download or read book Effects of Ingestion of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Reproduction in the Female Rat written by Edward Thomas Sheehan and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Donald Robert Marino
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (222 download)
Download or read book Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Liver Plasma Membranes of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) written by Donald Robert Marino and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA), which are a group of fatty acids produced by plants of the order Malvales, are known to induce adverse physiological effects when administered to a variety of animal species. A structurally strained cyclopropene ring is present in all CPFA and is believed responsible for the toxic action of these fatty acids. Dietary consumption of CPFA by mammals, poultry and fish has resulted in toxic responses including hepatic damage, impaired reproductive capabilities and sizeable alterations in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, CPFA have been identified as mildly carcinogenic and strongly cocarcinogenic towards rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). The mechanism by which CPFA enhance carcinogenesis is currently not understood. The research in this thesis has therefore been directed toward obtaining a better understanding as to how CPFA induce toxic responses in rainbow trout. Hepatic plasma membranes were isolated from both control trout and trout which had consumed dietary CPFA. The plasma membranes were then compared via the use of electron microscopy, chromatographic analysis of phospholipid and fatty acid content, two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins, and Western blot analysis of concanavalin A sensitive glycoproteins. Electron micrographs revealed that control plasma membranes appeared more homogeneous than CPFA membranes and were characterized by more membrane sheets and less vesicularization. The analysis of enzyme activities revealed that CPFA caused a decrease in whole liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity and that control plasma membranes expressed slightly higher glucose-6-phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase activities as compared to CPFA membranes. Although dietary CPFA appeared to have no effect on the phospholipid content of the plasma membranes, significant alterations in the fatty acid profiles of ethanolamine and choline phospholipids were observed. CPFA caused a decrease in palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acids while the level of stearic and docosahexaenoic acids subsequently increased. Differences between the protein content of control and CPFA plasma membranes were made clear through the analysis of electrophoretic and Western blotting data. Membranes isolated from fish fed CPFA contained several proteins of high molecular weight (above 66,000 daltons) and other proteins of high isoelectric point that were not present in control plasma membranes. Additionally, two families of glycoproteins which had previously been identified as microsomal in origin were detected only in CPFA plasma membranes. A discussion concerning the possible causes and biological ramifications of the observed subcellular alterations caused by CPFA insult is also presented in this thesis.
Author : Michael Thomas Morrissey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (945 download)
Download or read book Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids written by Michael Thomas Morrissey and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies were conducted to determine the effects of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) on the microsomal membrane of livers of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Slab and tube gel electrophoresis of microsomes from trout fed a CPFA diet (CPFA-microsomes) for varying time periods showed a decrease in the number of protein bands resolved in the high molecular weight region. This disappearance of high molecular weight proteins was not due to increased proteolysis in the CPFA-microsomes. Antibodies against whole microsomal protein from livers of trout fed 300 ppm CPFA were produced in rabbits. Microsomal proteins were first separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), transferred to nitrocellulose sheets (NC) and analyzed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunochemical staining procedure. Immunoabsorption of antisera directed against CPFA-microsomes by control-microsomes did not reveal any new proteins induced by the CPFA diets. However, the intensity of PAP staining was much greater in CPFA microsomes after immunoabsorption. Hydrolysis of phospholipids in the microsomal membrane by phospholipase A2 failed to reveal any differences between control and CPFA fed trout. Proteolysis of microsomal membrane proteins had similar effects on NADPH cytochrome reductase and cytochrome P-450 activity on fish fed the different diets. PAGE analysis of these digests did show some differences in digested proteins between the control and CPFA group. These results may reflect a possible change in orientation of microsomal membrane proteins brought about by CPFA in the diet. Additional evidence for altered orientation of proteins was found with PAGE analysis of trypsin-digested microsomes. Moreover incubation of trypsin-digested microsomes with antisera and stained with PAP showed that proteolytic attack was different between control and CPFA microsomes. A final study with incubation of transferred proteins from control and CPFA-microsomes with antisera directed against purified cytochrome P-450 (P-450) and cytocrome P-448 (P-448) showed that CPFA had an effect on the concentration of P-448 but not P-450.
Author : Joy Emily Swanson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (857 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on the Growth, Blood Lipids, and Viral Infectivity of White Leghorn Chickens written by Joy Emily Swanson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three studies were designed to evaluate the promoting effect of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) on avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) infection in White Leghorn chickens. In the first study effects on growth parameters, blood serum and erythrocyte lipid composition of White Leghorn chickens were investigated at 100 ppm and 300 ppm dietary CPFA. In comparison to controls, chicks fed dietary CPFA had reduced body weights and food intake. At both levels, CPFA increased the saturated fatty acids and decreased monoenes in blood serum and erythrocyte triacylglycerols and phospholipids. In a second study, the effects of high dietary (300 ppm) CPFA on AMV infectivity were investigated. Chicks were inoculated with 0.1 ml AMV at 7 days of age. A diet containing CPFA was fed before and after inoculation. CPFA/AMV treated chicks showed a marked reduction in body weight gain and food consumption in comparison to controls. CPFA appeared to promote AMV infection along with unexpected violent hemorrhagic manifestations. These hemorrhagic manifestations appeared to cause death before AMV induced myeloblast proliferation in the circulating blood. In comparison to controls, CPFA altered the phospholipid composition of isolated myeloblasts and the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio of isolated myelobasts, myeloblast plasma membrane, and virus particles. Analysis of the acyl group composition of choline and ethanolamine phospholipids from CPFA treated myeloblasts and myeloblast plasma membrane revealed an increase in saturated fatty acid and a decrease in monoenes. In both, CPFA appeared to affect ethanolamine more than choline phospholipids. In contrast, the alterations observed in CPFA treated virus particle choline and ethanolamine fatty acyl chains were reversed from those found in the myeloblast and myeloblast plasma membrane. In addition, ATPase specific activity was altered in relation to the CPFA induced lipid changes in the myeloblast plasma membrane and virus particle. It was shown that as saturation increased enzyme activity increased. As a third investigation, the effects of low dietary (75 ppm and 150 ppm) CPFA on AMV infection was conducted in an attempt to eliminate the hemorrhagic manifestations. A difference that was observed between this investigation and the 300 ppm CPFA/AMV study was less severe hemorrhagic responses. Histological examination of CPFA treated liver and spleen by light microscopy revealed heavy infiltration of mitotic myeloblasts into each tissue. Analysis of the number of virus particle/ml by reverse transcriptase revealed 300 ppm dietary CPFA stimulated the synthesis and release of virus particles. This was in contrast with 150 ppm dietary CPFA which retarded the synthesis and release of virus particles.
Author : International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids. Congress
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805571828
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)
Download or read book Fatty Acids and Lipids written by International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids. Congress and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication at hand gives an outline of recent advances in both of these topics, including a general discussion on fatty acid nutrition amd metabolism. Moreover, issues such as vascular functions, inflammation, bone metabolism, cancer, obesity and lipoprotein metabolism are dealt with in this context. Finally, the book also contains new findings on bioactive lipids such as anandamide and related compounds, as well as on conjugated linoleic acid. Scientists interested in nutrition, cardiovascular disease, behavior and psychiatry as well as fatty acid metabolism and lipids in general will find this publication a most welcome source of information.
Author : R.J. Hamilton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461311314
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Lipid Analysis in Oils and Fats written by R.J. Hamilton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the developments in the field of lipid analysis, providing an up-to-date review of the analytical techniques available to chemists and technologists to identify complex molecules. The requisite theoretical background will be provided for individual techniques, together with their strengths and weaknesses, and a guide to the enormous range of commercial applications. It will be an invaluable reference source to all sectors of the oils and fats industry where accurate labeling of foods, food contamination and adulteration are issues of increasing interest and concern.
Author : John Patrick Matlock
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Altered Lipid Metabolism and Impaired Clearance of Cholesterol in Plasma of Swiss-Webster Mice Fed Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids written by John Patrick Matlock and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mark A. Einerson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Effect of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Membrane Components of Liver of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) written by Mark A. Einerson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three studies were conducted to determine the effects of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) on the membrane components of livers of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). In the first study, 14C-sterculic acid was administered by intraperitoneal injection into rainbow trout and the trout maintained for 72 hours. The labelled sterculic acid was found in choline phospholipids (CP) and ethanolamine phospholipids (EP). Smaller amounts of label were found in other microsomal membrane lipid components. No label was found associated with the proteins of the microsomal membrane. Phospholipase A2 treatment of isolated CP and EP showed 14C-sterculic acid to be preferentially esterified to the 1-position of the glycerol backbone. In the second study, the cleavable bifunctional protein crosslinking reagent dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate-2HCl (DTBP) was used in an attempt to study alterations in the spatial arrangement of proteins in liver microsomal and plasma membranes that might be induced by dietary CPFA. The use of this reagent failed to yield a clear picture of protein-protein interactions in the microsomal membrane due to the formation of high molecular weight aggregates that were not resolvable on polyacrylamide gels. On the other hand, the use of DTBP failed to crosslink the proteins of the plasma membrane. In the third study, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to assess the effects of dietary CPFA on protein composition of trout liver microsomal and plasma membranes. Proteins were separated in the first dimension on the basis of their isoelectric points and in the second dimension on the basis of their molecular weights. No major alterations in the composition of liver microsomal or plasma membranes were found to be induced by dietary CPFA.
Author : Jeffrey Noyes Roehm
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (157 download)
Download or read book Changes in the Lipid Composition of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdnerii) Fed Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids written by Jeffrey Noyes Roehm and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rainbow trout were fed semi-purified diets containing cyclopropenoid fatty acids, and the biological effects of these acids were investigated. These fatty acids occur naturally in cottonseed oil and have been implicated in a large number of physiological disorders. Included in this study was an investigation of the pattern of deposition of cyclopropenes per se in trout tissue lipids, as well as the effect of these cyclopropenes on the deposition of other fatty acids. Other effects such as growth, liver size and histology were also noted. The ingestion of methyl sterculate, 2-octyl-1-cyclopropene-1- octanoic acid, by rainbow trout resulted in the deposition of intact cyclopropene in the body tissue. The accumulation in both the muscle and depot lipid reached a level approximately equivalent to that in the diet. This cyclopropene existed as the unaltered sterculate in the tissue triglycerides as shown by GLC analysis and was approximately equal to that predicted by the Halphen determination. A method was developed whereby trout liver lipid could be quantitatively analyzed for CPFA using a modified Halphen color reaction. This method was limited, however, by the small amounts of lipid normally available in trout liver. Ingestion of CPFA by rainbow trout resulted in reduction of growth. This effect was characterized by a large growth suppression early in the feeding period followed by a more normal pattern of gain. Dietary levels of 100 ppm and 200 ppm methyl sterculate resulted in identical effects. Livers from trout fed CPFA were typically enlarged and very firm as compared to normal trout livers. They also displayed a marked lack of pigmentation. Histological examination revealed extreme damage due to increased fatty infiltration and deposition. This phenomenon appeared to be most extreme during the early stages of feeding. Dietary cyclopropenoid fatty acids induced certain changes in the pattern of fatty acid deposition in rainbow trout. This alteration was characterized by a rapid increase in the concentration of stearic acid in the tissue, which resulted in a change in the ratio of stearic to oleic acid. A similar but less pronounced effect was also observed with palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid. The liver triglycerides of trout fed CPFA for an extended period also contained less 22:6w3 than normal. When these fish were fed a CPFA-free control diet their liver lipids returned to normal within 30 days.
Author : Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 331940458X
Total Pages : 611 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)
Download or read book Omega-3 Fatty Acids written by Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume argues for the importance of essential nutrients in our diet. Over the last two decades there has been an explosion of research on the relationship of Omega-3 fatty acids and the importance of antioxidants to human health. Expert authors discuss the importance of a diet rich in Omega-3 Fatty acids for successful human growth and development and for the prevention of disease. Chapters highlight their contribution to the prevention and amelioration of a wide range of conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, obesity, mental health and bone health. An indispensable text designed for nutritionists, dietitians, clinicians and health related professionals, Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Keys to Nutritional Health presents a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge about the nutritional effects of Omega-3 fatty acids and their delivery in foods.
Author : Daberath Ryan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (172 download)
Download or read book Glass Capillary Gas Chromatographic Analysis for Trace Amounts of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids written by Daberath Ryan and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) have long been known to cause pronounced physiological disorders in both farm and laboratory animals. Past work has shown CPFA to be a powerful promoter of carcinogenesis in trout, rats and mice. Sterculic and malvalic acids (CPFA's) are found in seed lipids of plants from the order Malvales. Two members of this order are cotton and kapok, both of which are used extensively as cooking oils for human consumption. Present chemical and instrumental methods of analysis for CPFA are effective only at CPFA levels above 0.1%, and accurate only at levels above 1%. A more sensitive method of analysis was developed exploiting recent technological advances in glass capillary gas chromatography (GCGC). By the use of cold on-column injection, and positioning of the column at the base of the detector flame, this method eliminates two problem areas found in other GC methods. The other common component involved in CPFA decomposition, during GC analysis, is the column. Vitrious silica columns with an inert stationary phase, SE-30, were shown to separate the highly reactive CPFA without decomposition. Proof of stability during analysis was obtained by changing the variables of relative time on column and column temperature. This method not only allows individual determination of sterculic and malvalic acid concentrations, it is rapid, accurate (to the 70 parts per million range), and is superior to other instrumental and chemical methods. The CPFA concentration for okra, hollyhock, cheese weed, seashore mallow, kapok, and white cap cottonseed oil are as follows: 0.3% to 0.92%, 0.33%, 2.6%, 2.6%, 12.8%, and 75ppm, respectively. The two different values for okra were found because seeds from two different growing seasons were analyzed. No CPFA could be detected in Diet Imperial Margarine, raw cocoa beans, cocoa butter or Lucca's winterized cottonseed oil.
