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Culture And Retardation
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Book Synopsis Culture and Retardation by : L.L. Langness
Download or read book Culture and Retardation written by L.L. Langness and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mental retardation in the United States is currently defined as " ... signif icantly subaverage general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior, and manifested during the development period" (Grossman, 1977). Of the estimated six million plus mentally retarded individuals in this country fully 75 to 85% are considered to be "func tionally" retarded (Edgerton, 1984). That is, they are mildly retarded persons with no evident organic etiology or demonstrable brain pathology. Despite the relatively recent addition of adaptive behavior as a factor in the definition of retardation, 1.0. still remains as the essential diagnostic criterion (Edgerton, 1984: 26). An 1.0. below 70 indicates subaverage functioning. However, even such an "objective" measure as 1.0. is prob lematic since a variety of data indicate quite clearly that cultural and social factors are at play in decisions about who is to be considered "retarded" (Edgerton, 1968; Kamin, 1974; Langness, 1982). Thus, it has been known for quite some time that there is a close relationship between socio-economic status and the prevalence of mild mental retardation: higher socio-economic groups have fewer mildly retarded persons than lower groups (Hurley, 1969). Similarly, it is clear that ethnic minorities in the United States - Blacks, Mexican-Americans, American Indians, Puerto Ricans, Hawaiians, and others - are disproportionately represented in the retarded population (Mercer, 1968; Ramey et ai., 1978).
Book Synopsis Issues in the Developmental Approach to Mental Retardation by : Robert M. Hodapp
Download or read book Issues in the Developmental Approach to Mental Retardation written by Robert M. Hodapp and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-01-27 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in the Developmental Approach to Mental Retardation is one of the first books exclusively devoted to applying the theories, findings and approaches used in work with nonretarded children to several types of retarded individuals. The editors and contributors define the developmental approach and explore theoretical issues as they relate to retarded populations. Problems involving similar sequences of development, cross-domain relations, the environment, and motivation are all discussed, as is the importance of separating the various etiological groups for research and intervention purposes. The contributors also examine the nature of development in specific etiological groups; types of retardation that are addressed include: cultural-familial retardation, Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, autism, and children with sensory and motor handicaps. This significant volume demonstrates how data from nonretarded development can inform work with retarded populations and how findings from children with mental retardation enrich developmental theory.
Book Synopsis Opportunity House by : Michael V. Angrosino
Download or read book Opportunity House written by Michael V. Angrosino and published by Rowman Altamira. This book was released on 1997-12-02 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calling on a decade of participant observation at a residence for mentally retarded adults, anthropologist Michael V. Angrosino's riveting and de-mystifying account offers an insider's picture of the lives of the inhabitants of Opportunity House. Using the narrative device of a dozen fictional short stories told in the voices of various community members as well as that of the researcher, Angrosino weaves a life-histories approach to ethnography together with an innovative culture concept to tackle the complexities of representing marginalized subgroups. As opposed to traditional clinical or statistical studies, which have insufficiently conveyed the subjective and experiential perspectives of retarded people themselves, Angrosino presents an intimate and complex picture of a highly functioning community with its cast of entrepreneurs, bullies, victims, and do-gooders. This wonderfully readable and captivating account is therefore an important resource for those interested in mental illness and disability, as well as a model for those experimenting with forms of ethnographic writing.
Book Synopsis Mental Retardation by : Bernard Farber
Download or read book Mental Retardation written by Bernard Farber and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Questions of Competence by : Richard Jenkins
Download or read book Questions of Competence written by Richard Jenkins and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a conceptualisation of intellectual disability emphasising its cultural variability and social construction.
Book Synopsis Labeling the Mentally Retarded by : Jane R. Mercer
Download or read book Labeling the Mentally Retarded written by Jane R. Mercer and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eight-year study of an American city traces the answer to the question "Who is retarded?" by analyzing the labeling process in a large number of community agencies. Data for the study are drawn from a representative sample of 7,000 persons under fifty years of age who were tested ans screened for "symptoms" of mental retardation. The author finds that that schools label more persons as mentally retarded than any other agency and share their labels more widely with others in the community. Relying on IQ test scores for diagnosis, schools place many persons with scores above 70 and with no physical disabilities in the role of retardate. The author contends that both the statistical model of "normal" and the unicultural viewpoint of educators and clinicians work to the disadvantage of the poor and the ethnic minorities. Given the opportunity, many persons demonstrate by their ability to cope with the problems in other areas of life that they are not comprehensively incompetent. The author makes serval policy recommendations. First, she suggests lowering the IQ score cutoff point used by schools in determining who shall be labeled as retarded. Second, she recommends that the clinicians use the two-dimensional definition of retardation proposed by the American Association of Mental Deficiency, subnormality in both intellectual performance and adaptive behavior. Third, she concludes that pluralistic assessment procedures must be employed to take into account cultural biases in IQ tests designed to measure cognitive skills. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1973.
Book Synopsis Diagnostic, Cultural and Remedial Factors in Mental Retardation by : Samuel Alexander Kirk
Download or read book Diagnostic, Cultural and Remedial Factors in Mental Retardation written by Samuel Alexander Kirk and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability Across Cultures by :
Download or read book Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability Across Cultures written by and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-11-09 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intellectual disability is a lifelong condition involving deficits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning. Individuals with intellectual disability experience a greater burden of co-occurring physical and mental illness compared to the general population, and often need a significant degree of support from healthcare professionals and carers, as well as family and friends. Additionally, their lives can be greatly influenced both positively and negatively by the cultures in which they exist, including societal attitudes, belief systems and norms. An insightful addition to the Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series, Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability across Cultures explores the health, support structures, and societal attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities throughout the world. Written by international experts of intellectual disability and mental health, this comprehensive textbook covers broad topics such as anthropology, mental health, physical health, research, and sexuality. It also comprises chapters dedicated to specific geographic regions, such as Africa, America, Australasia, Europe, India, the Middle East, and the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Book Synopsis Sexuality in the Culture and Talk of Women with Mental Retardation by : Donna J. Bernert
Download or read book Sexuality in the Culture and Talk of Women with Mental Retardation written by Donna J. Bernert and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Cultural Construction of Mental Retardation by : Catherine Anne Moore
Download or read book The Cultural Construction of Mental Retardation written by Catherine Anne Moore and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Year 2000 and Mental Retardation by : Stanley C. Plog
Download or read book Year 2000 and Mental Retardation written by Stanley C. Plog and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future is exciting-frightening-and demanding! As social and eco nomic change accelerates at an ever-increasing rate, we look with awe and wonder at the way in which unanticipated events impact on our lives and change the way we live. We are also frightened about how well we will adapt to the demands of a world that may be structured quite differently from the familiar environment of today. If we are to handle our own futures with some degree of skill and adap tiveness, we need to begin planning today for the dawn of the next century. Otherwise, we may find that events have overrun our capacity to cope. Those of us in the social and helping sectors of the economy have a responsibility for the future welfare of persons who are less able to look out for their own needs or to protect themselves from the vagaries of economic fluctuations or major dislocations in the social fabric of the land. The President's Committee on Mental Retardation is proud of its deci sion to look at the year 2000 and its impact on the mentally retarded. Our goals were straightforward-to understand how unfolding events can affect the lives of the mentally retarded, for good or ill, a generation from now.
Book Synopsis The Socio-cultural Ecology of Upper-level Mental Retardation by : Arthur B. Perlin
Download or read book The Socio-cultural Ecology of Upper-level Mental Retardation written by Arthur B. Perlin and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A History of Mental Retardation by : R. C. Scheerenberger
Download or read book A History of Mental Retardation written by R. C. Scheerenberger and published by Brookes Publishing Company. This book was released on 1987 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Experiment in the Prevention of Cultural-familial Mental Retardation by : Rick F. Heber
Download or read book An Experiment in the Prevention of Cultural-familial Mental Retardation written by Rick F. Heber and published by . This book was released on 1970* with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis On the Threshold of Adult Life by : Patrick Devlieger
Download or read book On the Threshold of Adult Life written by Patrick Devlieger and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "On the Threshold of Adult Life" is a study of the transition to adult life of persons with mild mental retardation in American culture. The analysis combines a discourse and life course approach based on (a) ethnographic work with twelve individuals, parents and school or agency personnel, (b) historical research of mental retardation, and (c) life transition. Through interdisciplinary work, the study adds to a dynamic anthropological approach to life transitions by taking into account the impact of history and specialized population on the nature of a recognized life transition. An understanding of the phenomenon of life transition suggests a revision of current policy and practice. The development of transition mediation is proposed and can not be limited to the Individual Education Plan (IEP) process. The use of ethnographic and historical methods and the analysis of discourse and life course issues broadens the intellectual basis for future scholarly work on the life transitions of persons with disabilities. Chapter 1 reviews policy development on transition and outlines an epistemological position of mental retardation as social construction. An anthropological approach to culture and disability studies is in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 analyses dis-course as historical impact of life transitions of a specific population. Ethnographic life histories of four selected persons with mental retardation in Chapter 4 are the basis for an understanding of the phenomenon of life transition as process. Life transition is defined as a significant flow of events that precipitate personal mediation and is marked by physical changes and social realignment. Chapter 5 situates parents, schools, agencies, and individuals with disabilities between discourse and life course. Subsequent chapters are based on a modified life course analysis that include individual (Chapter 6), social (Chapter 7), and cultural (Chapter 8) dimensions. In the conclusion, the threshold of adult life is presented as the outcome of historical development of stigma, the socialization and negotiation with the culture of mental retardation. Theoretically, the dynamic of life transitions is emphasized in terms of historical, socio-economic, and cultural-competence-impact that individuals and systems face in negotiating a life transition.
Book Synopsis The Challenge of Mental Retardation in the Community by : Julius S. Cohen
Download or read book The Challenge of Mental Retardation in the Community written by Julius S. Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mental Retardation by : Gary Ian Domnitz
Download or read book Mental Retardation written by Gary Ian Domnitz and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
