Cryogenics And Refrigeration

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Low Temperature and Cryogenic Refrigeration

Author : Sadik Kakaç
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401000999
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Low Temperature and Cryogenic Refrigeration by : Sadik Kakaç

Download or read book Low Temperature and Cryogenic Refrigeration written by Sadik Kakaç and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refrigeration plays a prominent role in our everyday lives, and cryogenics plays a major role in medical science, space technology and the cooling of low-temperature electronics. This volume contains chapters on basic refrigeration systems, non-compression refrigeration and cooling, and topics related to global environmental issues, alternative refrigerants, optimum refrigerant selection, cost-quality optimization of refrigerants, advanced thermodynamics of reverse-cycle machines, applications in medicine, cryogenics, heat pipes, gas-solid absorption refrigeration, multisalt resorption heat pumps, cryocoolers, thermoacoustic refrigeration, cryogenic heat transfer and enhancement and other topics covering theory, design, and applications, such as pulse tube refrigeration, which is the most efficient of all cryocoolers and can be used in space missions.

Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes

Author : Gadhiraju Venkatarathnam
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387785140
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes by : Gadhiraju Venkatarathnam

Download or read book Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes written by Gadhiraju Venkatarathnam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-10 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most conventional cryogenic refrigerators and liquefiers operate with pure fluids, the major exception being natural gas liquefiers that use mixed refrigerant processes. The fundamental aspects of mixed refrigerant processes, though very innovative, have not received the due attention in open literature in view of commercial interests. Hundreds of patents exist on different aspects of mixed refrigerant processes. However, it is difficult to piece together the existing information to choose an appropriate process and an optimum composition or a given application. The aim of the book is to teach (a.) the need for refrigerant mixtures, (b.) the type of mixtures that can be used for different refrigeration and liquefaction applications, (c.) the different processes that can be used and (d.) the methods to be adopted for choosing the components of a mixture and their concentration for different applications.

Cryogenic Helium Refrigeration for Middle and Large Powers

Author : Guy Gistau Baguer
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030516776
Total Pages : 725 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryogenic Helium Refrigeration for Middle and Large Powers by : Guy Gistau Baguer

Download or read book Cryogenic Helium Refrigeration for Middle and Large Powers written by Guy Gistau Baguer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a practical introduction to helium refrigeration engineering, taking a logical and structured approach to the design, building, commissioning, operation and maintenance of refrigeration systems. It begins with a short refresher of cryogenic principles, and a review of the theory of heat exchangers, allowing the reader to understand the importance of the heat exchanger role in the various thermodynamic cycle structures. The cycles are considered from the simplest (Joule Thomson) to the most complicated ones for the very large refrigeration plants and, finally, those operating at temperatures lower than 4.5 K. The focus then turns to the operation, ability and limitations of the main components, including room temperature cycle screw compressors, heat exchangers, cryogenic expansion turbines, cryogenic centrifugal compressors and circulators. The book also describes the basic principles of process control and studies the operating situations of helium plants, with emphasis on high level efficiency. A major issue is helium purity, and the book explains why helium is polluted, how to purify it and then how to check its purity, to ensure that all components are filled with pure helium prior to starting. Although the intention of the book is not to design thermodynamic cycles, it is of interest to a designer or operator of a cryogenic system to perform some simplified calculations to get an idea of how components or systems are behaving. Throughout the book, such calculations are generally performed using Microsoft® Excel and the Gaspak® or Hepak® software.

Applications of Cryogenic Technology

Author : J. Patrick Kelley
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780306438929
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (389 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications of Cryogenic Technology by : J. Patrick Kelley

Download or read book Applications of Cryogenic Technology written by J. Patrick Kelley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-06-30 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of Cryogenic Technology, Vol. 10, is the proceedings from the portion of the conference CRYO-90 sponsored by the Cryogenic Society of America (CSA). CRYO-90, held on the campus of the State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, was an unusual interdisciplinary event, drawing from the life sciences as well as the physical science and engineering areas of the low temperature community. Co-sponsoring CRYO-90 with CSA were the Society for Cryobiology and the Symposium on Invertebrate and Plant Cold Hardiness. These latter two organizations brought an exciting developing field to the conference, a field whose exploration will lead to the betterment of all mankind through improved cryosurgical and organ preservation techniques in addition to improved agricultural and herd yields under extreme conditions. Specific goals of the cryobiological community are cryopreservation, the arrest and recovery of living processes of cells, tissues and organs; and cryosurgery - the local cryodestruction of diseased cells while preserving the healthy surrounding tissue. These goals present great technological challenges. The technological requirements of the cryobiologist include the ability to cool tissues 6 at rates of 10 degrees per second (vitrification), to thaw frozen tissue without damaging the delicate cells, to freeze dry tissue using molecular distillation (vacuum) drying, to supercool cell structures below O°C without freezing, and to successfully store the preserved tissues and organs for any required length of time.

Cryogenic Technology and Applications

Author : A.R. Jha
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080457975
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryogenic Technology and Applications by : A.R. Jha

Download or read book Cryogenic Technology and Applications written by A.R. Jha and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryogenic Technology and Applications describes the need for smaller cryo-coolers as a result of the advances in the miniaturization of electrical and optical devices and the need for cooling and conducting efficiency. Cryogenic technology deals with materials at low temperatures and the physics of their behavior at these temps. The book demonstrates the ongoing new applications being discovered for cryo-cooled electrical and optical sensors and devices, with particular emphasis on high-end commercial applications in medical and scientific fields as well as in the aerospace and military industries. This book summarizes the important aspects of cryogenic technology critical to the design and development of refrigerators, cryo-coolers, and micro-coolers needed by various commercial, industrial, space and military systems. Cryogenic cooling plays an important role in unmanned aerial vehicle systems, infrared search and track sensors, missile warning receivers, satellite tracking systems, and a host of other commercial and military systems.* Provides an overview of the history of the development of cryogenic technology* Includes the latest information on micro-coolers for military and space applications* Offers detailed information on high-capacity cryogenic refrigerator systems used in applications such as food storage, high-power microwave and laser sensors, medical diagnostics, and infrared detectors

Cryogenic Engineering and Technologies

Author : Dr. Zuyu Zhao
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429532040
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryogenic Engineering and Technologies by : Dr. Zuyu Zhao

Download or read book Cryogenic Engineering and Technologies written by Dr. Zuyu Zhao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryogen-free cryogenics is leading a revolution in research and industry by its significant advantages over traditional liquid helium systems. This is the first overview for the field, covering the key technologies, conceptual design, fabrication, operation, performance, and applications of these systems. The contents cover important topics such as the operating principles of 4K cryocoolers, enabling technologies (including vibration reduction) for cryogen free systems, the cryogen- free superconducting magnet, and cryogen-free systems that reach mK. It highlights the wide range of applications in materials science, quantum physics, astronomy and space science, medical sciences and etc. Key features: Introduce technologies and practical know-how employed for cryogen-free systems of using 4 K cryocoolers to replace liquid helium; Address state of the arts of cryogen-free superconducting magnets, sub-kelvin refrigeration systems of He-3 sorption cooler, adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) and dilution refrigerators (DR). Discuss applications of cryogen-free systems in modern instruments and equipment.

Cryogenic Engineering, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded

Author : Thomas Flynn
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824753672
Total Pages : 912 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (536 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryogenic Engineering, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded by : Thomas Flynn

Download or read book Cryogenic Engineering, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded written by Thomas Flynn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-11-30 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an engineering consultant with over 48 years of experience in the field, this Second Edition provides a reader-friendly and thorough discussion of the fundamental principles and science of cryogenic engineering including the properties of fluids and solids, refrigeration and liquefaction, insulation, instrumentation, natural gas processing, and safety in cryogenic system design.

Cryocoolers

Author : Milind D. Atrey
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030113078
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryocoolers by : Milind D. Atrey

Download or read book Cryocoolers written by Milind D. Atrey and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as an introduction to cryocooler technology and describes the principle applications of cryocoolers across a broad range of fields. It covers the specific requirements of these applications, and describes how the advantages and disadvantages of different cryocooler systems are taken into consideration. For example, Stirling coolers tend to be used only in space applications because of their high coefficient of performance, low weight and proven reliability, whilst Gifford-McMahon coolers are used for ground applications, such as in cryopumps and MRI shield cooling applications. Joule-Thomson cryocoolers are used in missile technology because of the fast cool down requirements. The cryocooler field is fast developing and the number of applications are growing because of the increasing costs of the cryogens such as Helium and Neon. The first chapter of the book introduces the different types of cryocoolers, their classification, working principles, and their design aspects, and briefly mentions some of the applications of these systems. This introductory chapter is followed by a number of contributions from prominent international researchers, each describing a specific field of application, the cooling requirements and the cryocooler systems employed. These areas of application include gas liquefaction, space technology, medical science, dilution refrigerators, missile systems, and physics research including particle accelerators. Each chapter describes the cooling requirements based on the end use, the approximate cooling load calculations, the criteria for cryocooler selection, the arrangement for cryocooler placement, the connection of the cooler to the object to be cooled, and includes genuine case studies. Intended primarily for researchers working on cryocoolers, the book will also serve as an introduction to cryocooler technology for students, and a useful reference for those using cryocooler systems in any area of application.

Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures

Author : Frank Pobell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 366208578X
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures by : Frank Pobell

Download or read book Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures written by Frank Pobell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide information about performing experi ments at low temperatures, as well as basic facts concerning the low tem perature properties of liquid and solid matter. To orient the reader, I begin with chapters on these low temperature properties. The major part of the book is then devoted to refrigeration techniques and to the physics on which they are based. Of equal importance, of course, are the definition and measurement of temperature; hence low temperature thermometry is extensively discussed in subsequent chapters. Finally, I describe a variety of design and construction techniques which have turned out to be useful over the years. The content of the book is based on the three-hour-per-week lecture course which I have given several times at the University of Bayreuth between 1983 and 1991. It should be particularly suited for advanced stu dents whose intended masters (diploma) or Ph.D. subject is experimental condensed matter physics at low temperatures. However, I believe that the book will also be of value to experienced scientists, since it describes sev eral very recent advances in experimental low temperature physics and technology, for example, new developments in nuclear refrigeration and thermometry.

Cryogenic Systems

Author : Randall F. Barron
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryogenic Systems by : Randall F. Barron

Download or read book Cryogenic Systems written by Randall F. Barron and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essentials and Applications of Food Engineering

Author : C. Anandharamakrishnan
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429772386
Total Pages : 1046 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Essentials and Applications of Food Engineering by : C. Anandharamakrishnan

Download or read book Essentials and Applications of Food Engineering written by C. Anandharamakrishnan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 1046 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essentials & Applications of Food Engineering provides a comprehensive understanding of food engineering operations and their practical and industrial utility. It presents pertinent case studies, solved numerical problems, and multiple choice questions in each chapter and serves as a ready reference for classroom teaching and exam preparations. The first part of this textbook contains the introductory topics on units and dimensions, material balance, energy balance, and fluid flow. The second part deals with the theory and applications of heat and mass transfer, psychrometry, and reaction kinetics. The subsequent chapters of the book present the heat and mass transfer operations such as evaporation, drying, refrigeration, freezing, mixing, and separation. The final section focuses on the thermal, non-thermal, and nanotechnology-based novel food processing techniques, 3D food printing, active and intelligent food packaging, and fundamentals of CFD modeling. Features Features 28 case studies to provide a substantial understanding of the practical and industrial applications of various food engineering operations Includes 178 solved numerical problems and 285 multiple choice questions Highlights the application of mass balance in food product traceability and the importance of viscosity measurement in a variety of food products Provides updated information on novel food processing techniques such as cold plasma, 3D food printing, nanospray drying, electrospraying, and electrospinning The textbook is designed for undergraduate and graduate students pursuing Food Technology and Food Process Engineering courses. This book would also be of interest to course instructors and food industry professionals.

Optical Refrigeration

Author : Richard I. Epstein
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527628053
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Refrigeration by : Richard I. Epstein

Download or read book Optical Refrigeration written by Richard I. Epstein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-13 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by the two top experts in the field with a panel of International contributors, this is a comprehensive up-to-date review of research and applications. Starting with the basic physical principles of laser cooling of solids, the monograph goes on to discuss the current theoretical issues being resolved and the increasing demands of growth and evaluation of high purity materials suitable for optical refrigeration, while also examining the design and applications of practical cryocoolers. An advanced text for scientists, researchers, engineers, and students (masters, PHDs and Postdoc) in laser and optical material science, and cryogenics.

FUNDAMENTALS OF CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING

Author : MAMATA MUKHOPADHYAY
Publisher : PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 8120330579
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis FUNDAMENTALS OF CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING by : MAMATA MUKHOPADHYAY

Download or read book FUNDAMENTALS OF CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING written by MAMATA MUKHOPADHYAY and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended as a text for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Chemical/Mechanical/Materials Engineering streams, this well-balanced book explains the fundamental principles and the applied aspects of cryogenic engineering. The author, with her vast and varied experience in teaching and allied fields, clearly enunciates the behaviour and various properties of common cryogenic fluids, methods of liquefaction, and separation and applications of cryogens with thermodynamic analysis for process selection. This profusely illustrated study with clear-cut diagrams and process charts, should serve not only as a textbook for students but also as an excellent reference for researchers and practising engineers on design of cryogenic refrigeration, and liquefaction and separation process plants for various applications. Key Features : Discusses various application areas of cryogenics including cryogenic propellants used in space propulsion systems. Analyzes measurement techniques for temperature, pressure, flow rate, and liquid level, and describes the unique behaviour of cryogenic fluids and materials at cryo-temperatures. Gives numerous solved problems and exercises that lay emphasis on honing the concepts discussed.

Physics of Cryogenics

Author : Bahman Zohuri
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012814520X
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Physics of Cryogenics by : Bahman Zohuri

Download or read book Physics of Cryogenics written by Bahman Zohuri and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics of Cryogenics: An Ultralow Temperature Phenomenon discusses the significant number of advances that have been made during the last few years in a variety of cryocoolers, such as Brayton, Joule-Thomson, Stirling, pulse tube, Gifford-McMahon and magnetic refrigerators. The book reviews various approaches taken to improve reliability, a major driving force for new research areas. The advantages and disadvantages of different cycles are compared, and the latest improvements in each of these cryocoolers is discussed. The book starts with the thermodynamic fundamentals, followed by the definition of cryogenic and the associated science behind low temperature phenomena and properties. This book is an ideal resource for scientists, engineers and graduate and senior undergraduate students who need a better understanding of the science of cryogenics and related thermodynamics. - Defines the fundamentals of thermodynamics that are associated with cryogenic processes - Provides an overview of the history of the development of cryogenic technology - Includes new, low temperature tables written by the author - Deals with the application of cryogenics to preserve objects at very low temperature - Explains how cryogenic phenomena work for human cell and human body preservations and new medical approaches

Cryogenic Heat Transfer

Author : Randall F. Barron
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1482224097
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryogenic Heat Transfer by : Randall F. Barron

Download or read book Cryogenic Heat Transfer written by Randall F. Barron and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1999-05-01 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents applied heat transfer principles in the range of extremely low temperatures. The specific features of heat transfer at cryogenic temperatures, such as variable properties, near critical convection, and Kapitza resistance, are described. This book includes many example problems, in each section, that help to illustrate the applications of t

Textbook of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Author : RS Khurmi | JK Gupta
Publisher : S. Chand Publishing
ISBN 13 : 8121927811
Total Pages : 682 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (219 download)

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Book Synopsis Textbook of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by : RS Khurmi | JK Gupta

Download or read book Textbook of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning written by RS Khurmi | JK Gupta and published by S. Chand Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Multicolr Edition Has Been thoroughly revised and brought up-to-date.Multicolor pictures have been added to enhance the content value and to give the students and idea of what he will be dealing in relity,and to bridge the gap between theory and Practice.

Refrigeration Systems and Applications

Author : Ibrahim Din¿er
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119230780
Total Pages : 990 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Refrigeration Systems and Applications by : Ibrahim Din¿er

Download or read book Refrigeration Systems and Applications written by Ibrahim Din¿er and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-23 with total page 990 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive text/reference for students, researchers and practicing engineers This book provides comprehensive coverage on refrigeration systems and applications, ranging from the fundamental principles of thermodynamics to food cooling applications for a wide range of sectoral utilizations. Energy and exergy analyses as well as performance assessments through energy and exergy efficiencies and energetic and exergetic coefficients of performance are explored, and numerous analysis techniques, models, correlations and procedures are introduced with examples and case studies. There are specific sections allocated to environmental impact assessment and sustainable development studies. Also featured are discussions of important recent developments in the field, including those stemming from the author’s pioneering research. Refrigeration is a uniquely positioned multi-disciplinary field encompassing mechanical, chemical, industrial and food engineering, as well as chemistry. Its wide-ranging applications mean that the industry plays a key role in national and international economies. And it continues to be an area of active research, much of it focusing on making the technology as environmentally friendly and sustainable as possible without compromising cost efficiency and effectiveness. This substantially updated and revised edition of the classic text/reference now features two new chapters devoted to renewable-energy-based integrated refrigeration systems and environmental impact/sustainability assessment. All examples and chapter-end problems have been updated as have conversion factors and the thermophysical properties of an array of materials. Provides a solid foundation in the fundamental principles and the practical applications of refrigeration technologies Examines fundamental aspects of thermodynamics, refrigerants, as well as energy and exergy analyses and energy and exergy based performance assessment criteria and approaches Introduces environmental impact assessment methods and sustainability evaluation of refrigeration systems and applications Covers basic and advanced (and hence integrated) refrigeration cycles and systems, as well as a range of novel applications Discusses crucial industrial, technical and operational problems, as well as new performance improvement techniques and tools for better design and analysis Features clear explanations, numerous chapter-end problems and worked-out examples Refrigeration Systems and Applications, Third Edition is an indispensable working resource for researchers and practitioners in the areas of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. It is also an ideal textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students in mechanical, chemical, biochemical, industrial and food engineering disciplines.