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Cross Linked Sulfonated Poly Ether Ether Ketone Membranes For Fuel Cells And Hvac Systems
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Book Synopsis Cross-linked Sulfonated Poly (ether Ether Ketone) Membranes for Fuel Cells and HVAC Systems by : Riccardo Narducci
Download or read book Cross-linked Sulfonated Poly (ether Ether Ketone) Membranes for Fuel Cells and HVAC Systems written by Riccardo Narducci and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cross Linked Sulphonated Poly(ether Ether Ketone) for the Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell by :
Download or read book Cross Linked Sulphonated Poly(ether Ether Ketone) for the Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cross Linked Sulphonated Poly (ether Ether Ketone) for the Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell by :
Download or read book Cross Linked Sulphonated Poly (ether Ether Ketone) for the Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion irradiation has been investigated as a route for the preparation of mechanically stable and highly durable cross linked sulphonated PEEK for fuel cell application. The formation of cross linking was confirmed by solvent extraction using the well known Charlsby- inner equation. The DSC results indicated that the cross links retard the crystallization, but no changes were observed in the mechanism of crystallization. The thermal kinetic data for irradiated PEEK quantitatively suggest that these films still have sufficient thermal stability for long term applications as fuel cell membranes. Analysis of the dielectric response by Cole-Cole, Havrilak and Negami and Williams and Watts equations indicated that the dipole relaxation was broadened and becoming more asymmetric with cross link density. The sulphonation of the cross linked PEEK in concentrated sulphuric acid indicated that the rate of reaction decreased with cross linking density and was consistent with diffusion control kinetics. Increasing cross link density resulted in more bound water in the equilibrated membranes and the nano-structure present was comparable to that of Nafion. Cross linking improved the chemical stability of PEMs in particular in methanol solution. The measurement of power output and energy efficiency suggested that the cross linked PEMs produced are promising candidates to replace Nafion membranes but more information are required, in particular on their long term stability under fuel cell operating conditions.
Book Synopsis Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells by : Javaid Zaidi
Download or read book Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells written by Javaid Zaidi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the late-1960’s, perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSAs) ionomers have dominated the PEM fuel cell industry as the membrane material of choice. The “gold standard’ amongst the many variations that exist today has been, and to a great extent still is, DuPont’s Nafion® family of materials. However, there is significant concern in the industry that these materials will not meet the cost, performance, and durability requirementsnecessary to drive commercialization in key market segments – es- cially automotive. Indeed, Honda has already put fuel cell vehicles in the hands of real end users that have home-grown fuel cell stack technology incorporating hydrocarbon-based ionomers. “Polymer Membranes in Fuel Cells” takes an in-depth look at the new chem- tries and membrane technologies that have been developed over the years to address the concerns associated with the materials currently in use. Unlike the PFSAs, which were originally developed for the chlor-alkali industry, the more recent hydrocarbon and composite materials have been developed to meet the specific requirements of PEM Fuel Cells. Having said this, most of the work has been based on derivatives of known polymers, such as poly(ether-ether ketones), to ensure that the critical requirement of low cost is met. More aggressive operational requi- ments have also spurred the development on new materials; for example, the need for operation at higher temperature under low relative humidity has spawned the creation of a plethora of new polymers with potential application in PEM Fuel Cells.
Book Synopsis Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Based Membranes for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells by : Kimball Sebastiaan Roelofs
Download or read book Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Based Membranes for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells written by Kimball Sebastiaan Roelofs and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decreasing availability of fossil fuels and the increasing impact of greenhouse gases on the environment lead to an extensive development of more efficient or renewable energy sources. The direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC) as a portable energy source is a promising and fast growing technology which meets these demands. Up to now, methanol is mostly studied as a fuel for these devices, however, applying ethanol has some evident advantages over methanol. The major challenges in direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) research on component level are the catalyst development and the electrolyte membrane development. The focus of this thesis lies on the development and characterization of proton conductive membranes for application in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFC). Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) based organic-inorganic mixed-matrix membranes are developed and, in addition, the inorganic phase is modified with functional silanes carrying basic groups. The membranes are characterized with respect to fuel crossover, proton conductivity, membrane stability and direct ethanol fuel cell tests.
Book Synopsis The Preparation and Characterization of Sulfonated Poly (Ether Ether Ketone) and Cellulose Acetate (SPEEK-CA) Membrane in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) by UV-Crosslink Technique by : Nordiana Nabilla Bt Ramly
Download or read book The Preparation and Characterization of Sulfonated Poly (Ether Ether Ketone) and Cellulose Acetate (SPEEK-CA) Membrane in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) by UV-Crosslink Technique written by Nordiana Nabilla Bt Ramly and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Cross-linked Sulfonated Polysulfone and Mechanical Properties of SPEEK-based Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells by : Shelley Marie Zieren
Download or read book Synthesis of Cross-linked Sulfonated Polysulfone and Mechanical Properties of SPEEK-based Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Shelley Marie Zieren and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are being investigated for use as low-power electrochemical energy conversion devices. These types of fuel cells can be useful for portable electronics. The polymer electrolyte membrane plays a critical role in the overall performance of DMFC. The commercially available membrane, Nafion, suffers from high methanol permeability and a resulting methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode; it is also expensive. Accordingly, alternative membrane materials, such as sulfonated hydrocarbons, are intensively pursued for DMFC. For example, sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and sulfonated polysulfone (SPsf) are two such candidates. This thesis focuses first on a simple synthesis method for a cross-linked sulfonated polysulfone membrane. Sulfonated polysulfone (Psf) membranes, with high IEC (1.4 - 2.2 meq/g), were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), proton conductivity, and water uptake. The degree of sulfonation was calculated by NMR and verified by acid-base titration analysis. Although the membranes showed good proton conductivity, they suffered from excessive swelling at high temperatures. Furthermore, the post-sulfonation of a carboxyl-substituted polysulfone (Psf-COOH) was carried out with trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate, and solubility issues of the Psf-COOH in chlorinated solvents led to difficulty in controlling the degree of sulfonation (DS) and in purification. Accordingly, this approach to cross-linking sulfonated polysulfone was rejected as a viable method. This thesis then focused on the investigation of the mechanical properties of acid-base blend membranes based on SPEEK and heterocycle-tethered Psf and cross-linked membranes based on SPEEK that were previously reported by our group; these membranes were known to exhibit good performance in DMFC. However, the assessment of the mechanical stability of any new membranes developed is critical for their practical viability in DMFC. Accordingly, the mechanical strength and ductility of these membranes were investigated and compared for various membrane compositions. The acid-base blend membranes investigated consisted of SPEEK (acidic polymer) and a heterocycle-tethered Psf (basic polymer); for example, blends consisting of SPEEK and amino-benzimidazole-tethered Psf (SPEEK/Psf-ABIm) and SPEEK and benzotriazole tethered Psf (SPEEK/Psf-Btraz) were investigated. The cross-linked SPEEK was made by Friedel-Craft acylation with Psf-COOH (DS = 1 or 2). The two blend membranes showed superior mechanical properties compared to Nafion 115 and comparable to plain SPEEK. The crosslinked membranes showed good mechanical properties and better strength than Nafion 115, but they were more brittle than both Nafion 115 and plain SPEEK. Further optimization of cross-linking conditions is necessary to produce the best performing membrane.
Book Synopsis Betænkning vedrørende læreruddannelsen by :
Download or read book Betænkning vedrørende læreruddannelsen written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Solid State Proton Conductors by : Philippe Knauth
Download or read book Solid State Proton Conductors written by Philippe Knauth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton conduction can be found in many different solid materials, from organic polymers at room temperature to inorganic oxides at high temperature. Solid state proton conductors are of central interest for many technological innovations, including hydrogen and humidity sensors, membranes for water electrolyzers and, most importantly, for high-efficiency electrochemical energy conversion in fuel cells. Focusing on fundamentals and physico-chemical properties of solid state proton conductors, topics covered include: Morphology and Structure of Solid Acids Diffusion in Solid Proton Conductors by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Structure and Diffusivity by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Proton-Conducting Polymers Ab initio Modeling of Transport and Structure Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acids Proton-Conducting Aromatic Polymers Inorganic Solid Proton Conductors Uniquely combining both organic (polymeric) and inorganic proton conductors, Solid State Proton Conductors: Properties and Applications in Fuel Cells provides a complete treatment of research on proton-conducting materials.
Book Synopsis Physicochemical and Thermochemical Properties of Sulfonated Poly(etheretherketone) Electrolyte Membranes by : Stephen Rhoden
Download or read book Physicochemical and Thermochemical Properties of Sulfonated Poly(etheretherketone) Electrolyte Membranes written by Stephen Rhoden and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel cells have long been seen as an alternative to combustion powered and diesel powered engines and turbines. Production of energy via a fuel cell conversion method can generate up to 60% efficiency in comparison to 30% using a combustion powered engine, with low co-production of harmful side-products. The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) adapted for the fuel cell application is one of the main components that determines the overall efficiency. This research project was focused towards novel PEMs, such as sulfonated poly(etheretherketone) or SPEEK, which are cost-efficient and robust with high proton conductivities under hydrated conditions. The degree of sulfonation (DS) of a particular SPEEK polymer determines the proton conducting ability, as well as the long term durability. For SPEEK with high DS, the proton conduction is facile, but the mechanical stability of the polymer decreases almost proportionally. While low DS SPEEK does not have sufficient sulfonic acid density for fast proton conduction in the membrane, the membrane keeps its mechanical integrity under fully saturated conditions. The main purpose of this work was to address both issues encountered with SPEEK sulfonated to low and high DS. The addition of both solid acids and synthetic cross-links were studied to address the main downfalls of the respective SPEEK polymers. Optimization of these techniques led to increased understanding of PEMs and notably better electrochemical performance of these fuel cell materials. Oxo-acids such as tungsten (VI) oxide (WO3) and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) have been identified as candidate materials for creating SPEEK composite membranes. The chemistry of these oxo-acids is well known, with their use as highly acidic catalyst centers adopted for countless homogeneous and heterogeneous, organic and inorganic reactions. Uniform dispersion of WO3 hydrate in SPEEK solution was done by a sol-gel process in which the filler particles were grown in an ionomer solution, cast and allowed to dry. PTA composites were made by adding the solid acid directly to a solution of the ionomer and casting. The latter casting was allowed to dry and Cs- exchanged to stabilize the PTA from dissolution and leaching from the membrane. The chemical and physical properties of these membranes were characterized and evaluated using mainly conductometric and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic methods. Composite SPEEK/ PTA membranes showed a 50% decrease in PEM resistance under hydrogen fuel cell testing conditions, while SPEEK/ WO3 composites demonstrated a ten-fold increase in the membrane's in-plane proton conductivity. The chemical and physical properties of these composites changed with respect to their synthesis and fabrication procedures. This study will expound upon their relations.
Book Synopsis Issues in Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, Electrochemical, and Experimental Technologies: 2013 Edition by :
Download or read book Issues in Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, Electrochemical, and Experimental Technologies: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 1207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, Electrochemical, and Experimental Technologies: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Fuel Cells. The editors have built Issues in Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, Electrochemical, and Experimental Technologies: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Fuel Cells in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, Electrochemical, and Experimental Technologies: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Battery & Fuel Cell Technology 2017 by : ConferenceSeries
Download or read book Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Battery & Fuel Cell Technology 2017 written by ConferenceSeries and published by ConferenceSeries. This book was released on with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: July 27-28, 2017 Rome, Italy Key Topics : Primary Batteries, Secondary Batteries, Theory of Batteries, Design and Technology of Batteries, Latest Developments in Batteries, Batteries in Renewable Sources, Applications of Batteries, Classification of Fuel Cells, Applications of Fuel cells, Super capacitors vs. Battery, Various Energy Materials, Hydrogen Energy, Nanotechnology in Advance Batteries,
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources by : Jürgen Garche
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources written by Jürgen Garche and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 4532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources is a truly interdisciplinary reference for those working with batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. With a focus on the environmental and economic impact of electrochemical power sources, this five-volume work consolidates coverage of the field and serves as an entry point to the literature for professionals and students alike. Covers the main types of power sources, including their operating principles, systems, materials, and applications Serves as a primary source of information for electrochemists, materials scientists, energy technologists, and engineers Incorporates nearly 350 articles, with timely coverage of such topics as environmental and sustainability considerations
Book Synopsis PEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production by : Dmitri Bessarabov
Download or read book PEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production written by Dmitri Bessarabov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ever-increasing dependence on green energy has brought on a renewed interest in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis as a viable solution for hydrogen production. While alkaline water electrolyzers have been used in the production of hydrogen for many years, there are certain advantages associated with PEM electrolysis and its relevan
Book Synopsis Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability by : Felix N. Büchi
Download or read book Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability written by Felix N. Büchi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-08 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a significant number of R&D projects, performed mostly after 2000, devoted to the understanding and prevention of performance degradation processes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The extent and severity of performance degradation processes in PEFCs were recognized rather gradually. Indeed, the recognition overlapped with a significant number of industrial dem- strations of fuel cell powered vehicles, which would suggest a degree of technology maturity beyond the resaolution of fundamental failure mechanisms. An intriguing question, therefore, is why has there been this apparent delay in addressing fun- mental performance stability requirements. The apparent answer is that testing of the power system under fully realistic operation conditions was one prerequisite for revealing the nature and extent of some key modes of PEFC stack failure. Such modes of failure were not exposed to a similar degree, or not at all, in earlier tests of PEFC stacks which were not performed under fully relevant conditions, parti- larly such tests which did not include multiple on–off and/or high power–low power cycles typical for transportation and mobile power applications of PEFCs. Long-term testing of PEFCs reported in the early 1990s by both Los Alamos National Laboratory and Ballard Power was performed under conditions of c- stant cell voltage, typically near the maximum power point of the PEFC.
Book Synopsis Direct Methanol Fuel Cells by : Antonio Salvatore Aricò
Download or read book Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Antonio Salvatore Aricò and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with an analysis of materials issues, status of technologies and potential applications of direct methanol fuel cells. The principle of operation of direct methanol fuel cells and the status of knowledge in the basic research areas are presented. The technology of direct methanol fuel cells is discussed in this book with particular regard to fabrication methodologies for the manufacturing of catalysts, electrolytes membrane-electrode assemblies, stack hardware and system design.
Book Synopsis Fuel Cells II by : Günther G. Scherer
Download or read book Fuel Cells II written by Günther G. Scherer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-08-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: See table of contents
