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Creating Spin Currents In Silicon
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Book Synopsis Creating Spin Currents in Silicon by :
Download or read book Creating Spin Currents in Silicon written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electronics industry to date has relied upon the control of charge flow, combined with size scaling (i.e., reducing the physical size of elements such as transistors), to continuously increase the performance of existing electronics. This trend, widely known as Moore's Law, has been remarkably successful. However, size scaling cannot continue indefinitely as atomic length scales are reached (the "Moore's Law Roadblock"), so new approaches must be developed. Basic research efforts at NRL and elsewhere have shown that spin angular momentum, another fundamental property of the electron, can be used to store and process information in solid-state devices. Subsequently, the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors has identified the electron's spin as a new state variable that should be explored for processing information in the fundamentally new ways that will be required beyond the ultimate scaling limits of silicon-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This approach is known as semiconductor spintronics. Electrical injection and transport of spin-polarized carriers is prerequisite for developing such an approach. To create spin-polarized carriers in silicon, we electrically inject them from a ferromagnetic metal contact, which naturally has more electrons with spin oriented in a particular direction determined by the magnetization ("spin-up" or "majority spin") than in the opposite direction ("spin-down" or "minority spin"). The spin polarization in a typical ferromagnetic metal is approx. 45%. A thin layer of aluminum oxide between an iron contact and the silicon serves as a tunnel barrier to facilitate spin injection by controlling the series resistance and preventing interaction between the iron and the silicon.
Download or read book Spin Current written by Sadamichi Maekawa and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a new branch of physics and technology, called spin-electronics or spintronics, the flow of electrical charge (usual current) as well as the flow of electron spin, the so-called "spin current", are manipulated and controlled together. This book is intended to provide an introduction and guide to the new physics and applications of spin current.
Book Synopsis Spintronics Handbook, Second Edition: Spin Transport and Magnetism by : Evgeny Y. Tsymbal
Download or read book Spintronics Handbook, Second Edition: Spin Transport and Magnetism written by Evgeny Y. Tsymbal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-20 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition offers an update on the single most comprehensive survey of the two intertwined fields of spintronics and magnetism, covering the diverse array of materials and structures, including silicon, organic semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and engineered nanostructures. It focuses on seminal pioneering work, together with the latest in cutting-edge advances, notably extended discussion of two-dimensional materials beyond graphene, topological insulators, skyrmions, and molecular spintronics. The main sections cover physical phenomena, spin-dependent tunneling, control of spin and magnetism in semiconductors, and spin-based applications.
Book Synopsis Enhanced Spin-orbit Coupling in Silicon by : Paul C. Lou
Download or read book Enhanced Spin-orbit Coupling in Silicon written by Paul C. Lou and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon is the standard electronics semiconductor for its abundance and versatility. However, its insignificant intrinsic spin-orbit coupling leads to weak spin-charge conversion and hinders its application in spin-transport electronics. Spin-orbit coupling can be enhanced by lifting the degenerate spin bands through strain gradient and Rashba effect, and further increased with proximity effect. By creating strain gradient in Si, we broke its centrosymmetric crystal structure and created flexoelectricity and charge separation. The combination of Si inversion asymmetry and electric polarization arose Rashba spin-orbit coupling with estimated spin-Hall angle of 0.1132, same order as Pt. The intrinsic spin-Hall effect in p-Si and n-Si is proven from observation of spin-Hall magnetoresistance, emergent phase transitions and dissipationless spin current. The methods we employed to enhance, characterize and utilize spin-orbit coupling are documented in this thesis.
Book Synopsis Spintronics for Next Generation Innovative Devices by : Katsuaki Sato
Download or read book Spintronics for Next Generation Innovative Devices written by Katsuaki Sato and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spintronics (short for spin electronics, or spin transport electronics) exploits both the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices. Controlling the spin of electrons within a device can produce surprising and substantial changes in its properties. Drawing from many cutting edge fields, including physics, materials science, and electronics device technology, spintronics has provided the key concepts for many next generation information processing and transmitting technologies. This book discusses all aspects of spintronics from basic science to applications and covers: • magnetic semiconductors • topological insulators • spin current science • spin caloritronics • ultrafast magnetization reversal • magneto-resistance effects and devices • spin transistors • quantum information devices This book provides a comprehensive introduction to Spintronics for researchers and students in academia and industry.
Book Synopsis The Creation and Transport of Spin-polarized Carriers in Semiconductor Heterostructures by : James Patrick McGuire
Download or read book The Creation and Transport of Spin-polarized Carriers in Semiconductor Heterostructures written by James Patrick McGuire and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Graphene Science Handbook by : Mahmood Aliofkhazraei
Download or read book Graphene Science Handbook written by Mahmood Aliofkhazraei and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Size Up the Short- and Long-Term Effects of GrapheneThe Graphene Science Handbook is a six-volume set that describes graphene's special structural, electrical, and chemical properties. The book considers how these properties can be used in different applications (including the development of batteries, fuel cells, photovoltaic cells, and supercapac
Download or read book Spintronics written by Tomasz Blachowicz and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-05-06 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting from quantum mechanical and condensed matter foundations, this book introduces into the necessary theory behind spin electronics (Spintronics). Equations of spin diffusion, -evolution and -tunelling are provided before an overview is given of simulation of spin transport at the atomic scale. Furthermore, applications are discussed with a focus on elementary spintronics devices such as spin valves, memory cells and hard disk heads.
Book Synopsis Recent Progress In Silicon-based Spintronic Materials by : Ching-yao Fong
Download or read book Recent Progress In Silicon-based Spintronic Materials written by Ching-yao Fong and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-12-16 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the crucial aspects of theoretical and experimental approaches for Si-based spintronic materials. The theory parts emphasize on two first-principles methods — the GW method to improve the insulating gaps of the half metals which are a class of materials ideal for spintronic applications, and the linear response theory to calculate electric and magnetic susceptibilities. Three growth methods for doping transition metal elements in alloy and layered forms in Si will be focused on. Also three methods for characterization will be presented emphasizing on how to interpret experimental results. Finally, recent progress made in the Si-based spintronic materials will be discussed. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students who are interested in designing and growing new spintronic materials, in particular, silicon-based.
Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Semiconductor Devices by : Massimo Rudan
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Semiconductor Devices written by Massimo Rudan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-10 with total page 1680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Springer Handbook comprehensively covers the topic of semiconductor devices, embracing all aspects from theoretical background to fabrication, modeling, and applications. Nearly 100 leading scientists from industry and academia were selected to write the handbook's chapters, which were conceived for professionals and practitioners, material scientists, physicists and electrical engineers working at universities, industrial R&D, and manufacturers. Starting from the description of the relevant technological aspects and fabrication steps, the handbook proceeds with a section fully devoted to the main conventional semiconductor devices like, e.g., bipolar transistors and MOS capacitors and transistors, used in the production of the standard integrated circuits, and the corresponding physical models. In the subsequent chapters, the scaling issues of the semiconductor-device technology are addressed, followed by the description of novel concept-based semiconductor devices. The last section illustrates the numerical simulation methods ranging from the fabrication processes to the device performances. Each chapter is self-contained, and refers to related topics treated in other chapters when necessary, so that the reader interested in a specific subject can easily identify a personal reading path through the vast contents of the handbook.
Book Synopsis Optoelectronics and Spintronics in Smart Thin Films by : James Ayodele Oke
Download or read book Optoelectronics and Spintronics in Smart Thin Films written by James Ayodele Oke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-06 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart thin films, composed of functional materials deposited in thin layers, have opened new avenues for the development of flexible, lightweight, and high-performance devices. Optoelectronics and Spintronics in Smart Thin Films presents a comprehensive overview of this emerging area and details the current and near future integration of smart thin films in solar cells, and memory storage. Offers an overview of optoelectronics and spintronics. Discusses synthesis of smart nanomaterials. Describes deposition techniques and characterization of thin films. Considers the integration and application of opto-spintronics for technological advancement of solar cells and memory storage devices. Focused on advancing research on this evolving subject, this book is aimed at advanced students, researchers, and engineers in materials, chemical, mechanical, and electrical engineering, as well as applied physics.
Book Synopsis Monatomic Two-Dimensional Layers by : Iwao Matsuda
Download or read book Monatomic Two-Dimensional Layers written by Iwao Matsuda and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monatomic Two-Dimensional Layers: Properties, Fabrication and Industrial Applications provides a detailed examination on basic principles and state-of-the-art experimental techniques for monatomic layers on model surfaces, and in operating devices. Both conventional surface science and novel 2D materials science are included. The reader is guided through an introduction to the basic science of the field that is followed by advanced science specific to the system. Characterization techniques, the principles of state-of-the-art instruments for monatomic layers, and topics, including positron diffraction, time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, surface transport measurements, and operando nanospectroscopy are also covered. Researchers, graduate students and professionals will find this volume invaluable to acquire a deeper knowledge of the basic science, preparation, and experimental characterization techniques for 2D materials. Industrial technicians and operators will find it a useful overview of surface science related methods for fabrication and characterization of 2D materials. Gives comprehensive access to the properties of 2D materials, selected fabrication methods, and advanced characterization tools Discusses structure analysis by diffraction methods and ‘operando’ spectroscopy to provide direct information on device performance for industrial applications Written by authors who developed the techniques and have conducted extensive research on monatomic layers
Book Synopsis Handbook of Spintronics by : Yongbing Xu
Download or read book Handbook of Spintronics written by Yongbing Xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over two volumes and 1500 pages, the Handbook of Spintronics will cover all aspects of spintronics science and technology, including fundamental physics, materials properties and processing, established and emerging device technology and applications. Comprising 60 chapters from a large international team of leading researchers across academia and industry, the Handbook provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive review of this dynamic field of research. The opening chapters focus on the fundamental physical principles of spintronics in metals and semiconductors, including an introduction to spin quantum computing. Materials systems are then considered, with sections on metallic thin films and multilayers, magnetic tunnelling structures, hybrids, magnetic semiconductors and molecular spintronic materials. A separate section reviews the various characterisation methods appropriate to spintronics materials, including STM, spin-polarised photoemission, x-ray diffraction techniques and spin-polarised SEM. The third part of the Handbook contains chapters on the state of the art in device technology and applications, including spin valves, GMR and MTJ devices, MRAM technology, spin transistors and spin logic devices, spin torque devices, spin pumping and spin dynamics and other topics such as spin caloritronics. Each chapter considers the challenges faced by researchers in that area and contains some indications of the direction that future work in the field is likely to take. This reference work will be an essential and long-standing resource for the spintronics community.
Book Synopsis Spin Injection in Silicon by : Thomas Uhrmann
Download or read book Spin Injection in Silicon written by Thomas Uhrmann and published by Suedwestdeutscher Verlag Fuer Hochschulschriften. This book was released on 2011-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conjunction of charge manipulation in the semiconductor with the electron spin could lead to a whole new era in information technology, called semiconductor spintronics. In a spinFET device the conventional source/drain contacts are replaced by ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes, injecting and detecting spin-polarized current in silicon. The main advantage of this approach is the merge of information processing and storage in one device, employing a magneto-current effect that depends on the relative magnetization of the injector and detector electrode. The use of silicon as a host material for spin polarized current features a big advantage: its outstanding spin lifetime. The so-called conductivity mismatch between the FM contact and silicon is identified as major obstacle for spin injection, where the diodes' resistance area product has to match a narrow resistance window. In the present work the structural, electrical and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Schottky diodes and MgO-based tunneling diodes have been investigated, employing CoFe/NiFe, NiFe and CoFeB ferromagnetic electrodes, different silicon doping densities and different post-deposition annealing conditions.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals and Applications of Nano Silicon in Plasmonics and Fullerines by : Munir H. Nayfeh
Download or read book Fundamentals and Applications of Nano Silicon in Plasmonics and Fullerines written by Munir H. Nayfeh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals and Applications of Nano Silicon in Plasmonics and Fullerines: Current and Future Trends addresses current and future trends in the application and commercialization of nanosilicon. The book presents current, innovative and prospective applications and products based on nanosilicon and their binary system in the fields of energy harvesting and storage, lighting (solar cells and nano-capacitor and fuel cell devices and nanoLEDs), electronics (nanotransistors and nanomemory, quantum computing, photodetectors for space applications; biomedicine (substance detection, plasmonic treatment of disease, skin and hair care, implantable glucose sensor, capsules for drug delivery and underground water and oil exploration), and art (glass and pottery). Moreover, the book includes material on the use of advanced laser and proximal probes for imaging and manipulation of nanoparticles and atoms. In addition, coverage is given to carbon and how it contrasts and integrates with silicon with additional related applications. This is a valuable resource to all those seeking to learn more about the commercialization of nanosilicon, and to researchers wanting to learn more about emerging nanosilicon applications. Features a variety of designs and operation of nano-devices, helping engineers to make the best use of nanosilicon Contains underlying principles of how nanomaterials work and the variety of applications they provide, giving those new to nanosilicon a fundamental understanding Assesses the viability of various nanoslicon devices for mass production and commercialization, thereby providing an important source of information for engineers
Book Synopsis Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism by : Evgeny Y. Tsymbal
Download or read book Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism written by Evgeny Y. Tsymbal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 797 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several decades, the research on spin transport and magnetism has led to remarkable scientific and technological breakthroughs, including Albert Fert and Peter Grunberg's Nobel Prize-winning discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in magnetic metallic multilayers. Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism provides a comprehensive, bal
Book Synopsis Quantum Computing: Basic Concepts by : N.B. Singh
Download or read book Quantum Computing: Basic Concepts written by N.B. Singh and published by N.B. Singh. This book was released on with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Quantum Computing: Basic Concepts" is a beginner-friendly guide that introduces readers to the fascinating world of quantum computing. Written for absolute beginners, this book provides clear explanations of key concepts in quantum computing, such as qubits, superposition, and quantum gates, without assuming any prior knowledge of quantum mechanics or advanced mathematics. Through easy-to-understand language and practical examples, readers will gain a foundational understanding of quantum computing principles and explore the potential applications of this cutting-edge technology. Whether you're a curious novice or a seasoned enthusiast, this book offers an accessible entry point into the captivating realm of quantum computing.
