Crash Characteristics At Work Zones

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Crash Characteristics at Work Zones

Author : Nicholas J. Garber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Crash Characteristics at Work Zones by : Nicholas J. Garber

Download or read book Crash Characteristics at Work Zones written by Nicholas J. Garber and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work zones tend to cause hazardous conditions for drivers and construction workers since they generate conflicts between construction activities and traffic. A clear understanding of the characteristics of work zone crashes will enhance the selection of the appropriate measures that can minimize the negative impacts of work zones. This study investigated the characteristics of work zone crashes that occurred in Virginia between 1996 and 1999. The information on each crash was obtained from the police crash record. The location of each crash was categorized as being in one of the five areas of a typical work zone: advance warning area, transition area, longitudinal buffer area, activity area, and termination area. An analysis of the percentage distributions was then carried out with respect to area in work zone, severity, type of collision, and type of highway. The proportionality test was used to determine significant differences at the 5 percent significance level. Selected crash characteristics, such as the proportions of single- and multi-vehicle crashes, were compared for work zone and non-work zone crashes. The results indicated that the activity area was the predominant location for work zone crashes regardless of highway type and that rear-end crashes were the predominant type of crash. The results also indicated that the proportion of sideswipe same direction crashes in the transition area was significantly higher than in the advance warning area and that work zone crashes involved a higher proportion of multi-vehicle crashes and fatal crashes than did non-work zone crashes.

Study on Crash Characteristics and Injury Severity at Roadway Work Zones

Author : Qing Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (436 download)

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Book Synopsis Study on Crash Characteristics and Injury Severity at Roadway Work Zones by : Qing Wang

Download or read book Study on Crash Characteristics and Injury Severity at Roadway Work Zones written by Qing Wang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: In USA, despite recent efforts to improve work zone safety, the number of crashes and fatalities at work zones has increased continuously over several past years. For addressing the existing safety problems, a clear understanding of the characteristics of work zone crashes is necessary. This thesis summarized a research study focusing on work zone traffic crash analysis to investigate the characteristics of work zone crashes and to identify the factors contributing to injury severity at work zones. These factors included roadway design, environmental conditions, traffic conditions and vehicle/driver features. Especially, special population groups, which divided into older, middle Age, and young, were inspected. This study was based on history crash data from the Florida State, which were extracted from the Florida CAR (Crash Analysis Reporting) system. Descriptive statistics method was used to find the characteristics of crashes at work zones. After then, an injury severity predict model, using the ordered probit regression technology, was developed to investigate the impacts of various factors on different the injury severity at work zones. From the model, it can be concluded that some factors, including the road section with curve, alcohol/drugs involved, a high speed, angle crash and too young or old drivers are more likely to increase the probability of angle crashes. Based on the magnitudes of the variable coefficients, the factor of maximum posted speed have a great impact to injury severity, which shows restriction to driving speed is principle countermeasure for improving work zone safety.

Characteristics and Risk Factors Associated with Work Zone Crashes

Author : Sreekanth Reddy Akepati
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (692 download)

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Book Synopsis Characteristics and Risk Factors Associated with Work Zone Crashes by : Sreekanth Reddy Akepati

Download or read book Characteristics and Risk Factors Associated with Work Zone Crashes written by Sreekanth Reddy Akepati and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, approximately 1,100 people die and 40,000 people are injured annually as a result of motor vehicle crashes in work zones. These numbers may be a result of interruption to regular traffic flow caused by closed traffic lanes, poor traffic management within work zones, general misunderstanding of problems associated with work zones, or improper usage of traffic control devices. In regard to safety of work zones, this study was conducted to identify characteristics and risk factors associated with work zone crashes in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska and Wisconsin, states currently included in the Smart Work Zone Deployment Initiative (SWZDI) region. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, characteristics and contributory causes related to work zone crashes such as environmental conditions, vehicles, crashes, drivers, and roadways were analyzed for the five states for the period 2002-2006. An analysis of percentage-wise distributions was carried out for each variable based on different conditions. Results showed that most of the work zone crashes occurred under clear environmental conditions as during daylight, no adverse weather, etc. Multiple-vehicle crashes were more predominant than single-vehicle crashes in work zone crashes. Primary driver-contributing factors of work zone crashes were inattentive driving, following too close for conditions, failure to yield right of way, driving too fast for conditions, and exceeding posted speed limits within work zones. A test of independency was performed to find the relation between crash severity and other work zone variables for the combined states. In the second stage, a statistical model was developed to identify risk factors associated with work zone crashes. In order to predict injury severity of work zone crashes, an ordered probit model analysis was carried out using the Iowa work zone crash database. According to findings of the severity model, work zone crashes involving trucks, light duty vehicles, vehicles following too close, sideswipe collisions of same-direction vehicles, nondeployment of airbags, and driver age are some of the contributing factors towards more severe crashes.

Work Zone Crash Analysis and Modeling to Identify Factors Associated with Crash Severity and Frequency

Author : Sunanda Dissanayake
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Work Zone Crash Analysis and Modeling to Identify Factors Associated with Crash Severity and Frequency by : Sunanda Dissanayake

Download or read book Work Zone Crash Analysis and Modeling to Identify Factors Associated with Crash Severity and Frequency written by Sunanda Dissanayake and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The safe and efficient flow of traffic through work zones must be established by improving work zone conditions. Therefore, identifying the factors associated with the severity and the frequency of work zone crashes is important. According to current statistics from the Federal Highway Administration, 2,372 fatalities were associated with motor vehicle traffic crashes in work zones in the United States during the four years from 2010 to 2013. From 2002 to 2014, an average of 1,612 work zone crashes occurred in Kansas each year, making it a serious concern in Kansas. The objectives of this study were to analyze work zone crash characteristics, identify the factors associated with crash severity and frequency, and to identify recommendations to improve work zone safety. Work zone crashes in Kansas from 2010 to 2013 were used to develop crash severity models. Ordered probit regression was used to model the crash severities for daytime, nighttime, multi-vehicle and single-vehicle work zone crashes and for work zones crashes in general. Based on severity models, drivers from 26 to 65 years of age were associated with high crash severities during daytime work zone crashes and driver age was not found significant in nighttime work zone crashes. The use of safety equipment was related to reduced crash severities regardless of the time of the crash. Negative binomial regression was used to model the work zone crash frequency using work zones functioned in Kansas in 2013 and 2014. According to results, increased average daily traffic (AADT) was related to higher number of work zone crashes and work zones in operation at nighttime were related to a reduced number of work zone crashes. Findings of this study were used to provide general countermeasure ideas for improving safety of work zones" (page ii).

Estimating the Safety Effects of Work Zone Characteristics and Countermeasures

Author : Gerald L. Ullman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309446754
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (467 download)

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Book Synopsis Estimating the Safety Effects of Work Zone Characteristics and Countermeasures by : Gerald L. Ullman

Download or read book Estimating the Safety Effects of Work Zone Characteristics and Countermeasures written by Gerald L. Ullman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

توازن القوى بين العرب واسرائيل

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (235 download)

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Book Synopsis توازن القوى بين العرب واسرائيل by :

Download or read book توازن القوى بين العرب واسرائيل written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Crash Characteristics at Work Zones

Author : NJ. Garber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (948 download)

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Book Synopsis Crash Characteristics at Work Zones by : NJ. Garber

Download or read book Crash Characteristics at Work Zones written by NJ. Garber and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Determining the Extent and Characteristics of Overrepresentation of Large Truck Crashes in Daytime and Nighttime Work Zones

Author : Naveen Mokkapati
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Determining the Extent and Characteristics of Overrepresentation of Large Truck Crashes in Daytime and Nighttime Work Zones by : Naveen Mokkapati

Download or read book Determining the Extent and Characteristics of Overrepresentation of Large Truck Crashes in Daytime and Nighttime Work Zones written by Naveen Mokkapati and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth of vehicle travel in the United States has accelerated wear on the interstate highway system leading to frequent pavement repair and rehabilitation projects. The presence of work zones not only causes traffic congestion and backup but also increases the crash risk. Therefore, the FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) has allotted a significant amount of funds to improve work zone traffic safety and operations. This thesis compares truck and automobile crash characteristics in work zones with those of non-work zones and thus identifies engineering countermeasures to improve work zone truck safety. The researcher used a contingency analysis approach in this study. First, he categorized the North Carolina crash data using different variables. Once categorized, the Breslow-Day test is used to compare the odds of truck and automobile crashes between work zones and non-work zones. Overall, the researcher did not find a significant difference between odds of truck and automobile crashes compared to previous studies. The researcher believes that the difference in results between the present study and the previous studies could either be due to differences in the approach used or better truck management techniques employed by the North Carolina DOT (Department of Transportation). The researcher also identified that the maintenance projects performed during the day had a significantly higher odds of truck crashes relative to that of automobiles in work zones compared to control sections when workers were present, either with a lane closure or without a lane closure. The researcher believes that the results from the day maintenance projects and its subcategories are the key findings of this study. Therefore, these key findings are used to identify the possible reasons and countermeasures for any disproportionate change in truck to automobile crashes. The identified list of countermeasures includes the use of law enforcement, a smart work zone system, a dynamic late merge system, CMS (Changeable Message Signs), speed display signs, and a CB (Citizen Band) Wizard. These countermeasures were checked for cost effectiveness using a benefit cost (B/C) analysis. The researcher found that law enforcement, smart work zones with costs lower than or equal to half a million dollars, CMS, speed display signs, and the CB Wizard have B/C ratios greater than one and seem to be worthwhile for deployment in work zones. Smart work zones with significantly higher costs of 2.5 million dollars, for example, could be deployed using a more detailed analysis of work zone characteristics. Finally, dynamic late merge system could be used if the site conditions indicate a crash reduction potential of at least 10 - 15 percent.

Modeling Crash Severity and Speed Profile at Roadway Work Zones

Author : Zhenyu Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling Crash Severity and Speed Profile at Roadway Work Zones by : Zhenyu Wang

Download or read book Modeling Crash Severity and Speed Profile at Roadway Work Zones written by Zhenyu Wang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Work zone tends to cause hazardous conditions for drivers and construction workers since work zones generate conflicts between construction activities and the traffic, therefore aggravate the existing traffic conditions and result in severe traffic safety and operational problems. To address the influence of various factors on the crash severity is beneficial to understand the characteristics of work zone crashes. The understanding can be used to select proper countermeasures for reducing the crash severity at work zones and improving work zone safety. In this dissertation, crash severity models were developed to explore the factor impacts on crash severity for two work zone crash datasets (overall crashes and rear-end crashes). Partial proportional odds logistic regression, which has less restriction to the parallel regression assumption and provides more reasonable interpretations of the coefficients, was used to estimate the models. The factor impacts were summarized to indicate which factors are more likely to increase work zone crash severity or which factors tends to reduce the severity. Because the speed variety is an important factor causing accidents at work zone area, the work zone speed profile was analyzed and modeled to predict the distribution of speed along the distance to the starting point of lane closures. A new learning machine algorithm, support vector regression (SVR), was utilized to develop the speed profile model for freeway work zone sections under various scenarios since its excellent generalization ability. A simulation-based experiment was designed for producing the speed data (output data) and scenario data (input data). Based on these data, the speed profile model was trained and validated. The speed profile model can be used as a reference for designing appropriate traffic control countermeasures to improve the work zone safety.

Integrated Work Zone Safety Management System and Analysis Tools

Author : Jian John Lu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Work Zone Safety Management System and Analysis Tools by : Jian John Lu

Download or read book Integrated Work Zone Safety Management System and Analysis Tools written by Jian John Lu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis

Author : Simon Washington
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429520751
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis by : Simon Washington

Download or read book Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis written by Simon Washington and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book's website (with databases and other support materials) can be accessed here. Praise for the Second Edition: The second edition introduces an especially broad set of statistical methods ... As a lecturer in both transportation and marketing research, I find this book an excellent textbook for advanced undergraduate, Master’s and Ph.D. students, covering topics from simple descriptive statistics to complex Bayesian models. ... It is one of the few books that cover an extensive set of statistical methods needed for data analysis in transportation. The book offers a wealth of examples from the transportation field. —The American Statistician Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis, Third Edition offers an expansion over the first and second editions in response to the recent methodological advancements in the fields of econometrics and statistics and to provide an increasing range of examples and corresponding data sets. It describes and illustrates some of the statistical and econometric tools commonly used in transportation data analysis. It provides a wide breadth of examples and case studies, covering applications in various aspects of transportation planning, engineering, safety, and economics. Ample analytical rigor is provided in each chapter so that fundamental concepts and principles are clear and numerous references are provided for those seeking additional technical details and applications. New to the Third Edition Updated references and improved examples throughout. New sections on random parameters linear regression and ordered probability models including the hierarchical ordered probit model. A new section on random parameters models with heterogeneity in the means and variances of parameter estimates. Multiple new sections on correlated random parameters and correlated grouped random parameters in probit, logit and hazard-based models. A new section discussing the practical aspects of random parameters model estimation. A new chapter on Latent Class Models. A new chapter on Bivariate and Multivariate Dependent Variable Models. Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis, Third Edition can serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate, Masters, and Ph.D. students in transportation-related disciplines including engineering, economics, urban and regional planning, and sociology. The book also serves as a technical reference for researchers and practitioners wishing to examine and understand a broad range of statistical and econometric tools required to study transportation problems.

Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems

Author : John L. Campbell
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309258162
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems by : John L. Campbell

Download or read book Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems written by John L. Campbell and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report completes and updates the first edition of NCHRP Report 600: Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems (HFG), which was published previously in three collections. The HFG contains guidelines that provide human factors principles and findings for consideration by, and is a resource document for, highway designers, traffic engineers, and other safety practitioners."--Foreword.

Traffic Safety Evaluation of Nighttime and Daytime Work Zones

Author : Gerald L. Ullman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Traffic Safety Evaluation of Nighttime and Daytime Work Zones by : Gerald L. Ullman

Download or read book Traffic Safety Evaluation of Nighttime and Daytime Work Zones written by Gerald L. Ullman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB¿s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 627: Traffic Safety Evaluation of Nighttime and Daytime Work Zones explores the crash rates for nighttime and daytime work zones and examines management practices that promote safety and mobility in work zones. The report also highlights work-zone crash reporting suggestions designed to help improve the data collected on work zone crashes.

Analysis of Work Zone Crash Characteristics and Countermeasures

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Work Zone Crash Characteristics and Countermeasures by :

Download or read book Analysis of Work Zone Crash Characteristics and Countermeasures written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Investigating Impact of Work Zones on Crash Frequency, Severity and Traffic

Author : Ozgur Ozturk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (889 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigating Impact of Work Zones on Crash Frequency, Severity and Traffic by : Ozgur Ozturk

Download or read book Investigating Impact of Work Zones on Crash Frequency, Severity and Traffic written by Ozgur Ozturk and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work zone presence is an important concern for drivers in terms of safety and congestion. In recent years, work zone safety has received much attention due to numerous highway renovation projects that have resulted in many work zone crashes. To minimize the effect of work zones on roadway safety risks and traffic conditions, potential factors need to be addressed and countermeasures need to be implemented to ensure that the motorist can drive in a safe manner. The impact of the work zones can be estimated by using descriptive analysis and different statistical modeling methods. To this end, this study focused on three major areas: the crash frequency at work zones, the crash severity at work zones and the change in traffic conditions at work zones. Statistically robust models were developed by incorporating integrated datasets that could identify significant factors affecting each of these study areas. To better understand this, different from the previous studies, model results were compared against reference conditions, such as work zone crash frequency and modeling parameters were compared with non-work zone parameters. In addition, different statistical modeling techniques were applied to examine the best model or set of variables to connect crash severity and possible causative factors for binary level and multiple level outcomes. Two crash severity indexes were proposed and used to estimate multilevel crash severity by using both maximum severity and the monetary cost weighted severity. Besides safety issues, different types of lane closures and crashes observed within lane closures were studied to examine if there would be a change in traffic conditions compared with normal time traffic. Comparisons of each concept provides an idea for agencies about the differences of work zone and non-work zone conditions which is important if indeed there is a specific impact for the work zone cases. Work zone presence was found to have an increasing effect on crash occurrence. Nighttime shifts were found to be safer when compared to daytime work zone periods. Injury crashes for two-lane closure cases were found to have a more marked impact on traffic volume compared with other cases studied in this dissertation. In the conclusions chapter, all of these findings are summarized along with specific recommendations.

Evaluation of Work Zone Crashes in California

Author : Dheeraj Varma Lakamraju
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Work Zone Crashes in California by : Dheeraj Varma Lakamraju

Download or read book Evaluation of Work Zone Crashes in California written by Dheeraj Varma Lakamraju and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work zone crashes have been a major concern of safety for many government agencies and travelling public. According to Federal Highway Administration(FHWA) Fact & Statistics, there is need for maintenance, rehabilitation and advancement of existing road networks, which in turn lead to setup of large number of work zones throughout US which eventually impacts the regular traffic flow and safety. The main objective of this project was to find work zone crash characteristics and risk factors that affect the crash severity. For that purpose data relating to work zone crashes that occurred on all roadways in the state of California for the years 2011 to 2016 were obtained from Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS). A total of 12 variables with 45136 crashes were used to develop a crash severity model. The first step of the study was gathering literature on previous studies relating to work zone crash analysis. In the second step, the work zone crash data for each variable was analyzed based on crash severity and crash patterns were determined. In the third step, each variable was statistically analyzed to determine significant differences between the variable and the dependent variable using Pearson chi-square statistical test. A total of 10 variables out of 12 variables were found to have a significant relationship between the dependent variable. In the fourth step, a binary logistic regression model was used to determine significant predictors of fatal crashes. In this study, the independent variables such as location of crash, violation category, crash type, motor vehicle involved with, lighting condition, alcohol involved, and driver???s gender were found to be significant predictors of fatal crashes at work zones in the state of California for years 2011-2016.

Varied Applications of Work Zone Safety Analysis Through the Investigation of Crash Data, Design, and Field Studies

Author : Erica Lee Swansen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Varied Applications of Work Zone Safety Analysis Through the Investigation of Crash Data, Design, and Field Studies by : Erica Lee Swansen

Download or read book Varied Applications of Work Zone Safety Analysis Through the Investigation of Crash Data, Design, and Field Studies written by Erica Lee Swansen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work zone crashes and fatalities have been decreasing since 1994. Yet, according to Fatality Analysis Reporting System, 667 people were killed in highway work zone crashes in 2009. As the United States' infrastructure ages and new roads and highways are constructed less frequently, the need for repairs and alterations to the nation's roadways is continually increasing. This growth ensures that work zones will be a vital piece of design focus in the near future. In order to continue the decreasing trend in work zone crashes, and reduce the still significant number of work zone fatalities, work zones need to continually be examined to identify opportunities for improved safety. This research explored the relationship between work zone related crashes and work zone design and setup. More specifically, existing literature and current standards, compiled with crash report form data in the UMass Safety Data Warehouse and field observations in Massachusetts were integrated to determine the causes and remedies for work zone related crashes. The research examined three critical areas: 1) causation of work zone related crashes in contrast to non-work zone related crashes along with variations of citations as a result of work zone crashes; 2) variations of the work zone definition and the impact on work zone involvement; and 3) analysis of conflict and event studies for small scale work zones to develop a methodology using surrogate measures to identify potential countermeasures leading to improved work zone safety. The results are expected to advance the current state of knowledge with regards to work zone design and setup, resulting in recommended actions for improved work zone analysis and design strategies.