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Download or read book Coupling an Advanced Particle Microphysics Model with WRF-Chem and Improving Aerosol-climate Interaction Simulations at Regional Scales written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric particles, WRF-Chem, regional modeling.
Author : Yuan Wang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662471752
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud Interactions from Urban, Regional, to Global Scales written by Yuan Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies in this dissertation aim at advancing our scientific understandings about physical processes involved in the aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction and quantitatively assessing the impacts of aerosols on the cloud systems with diverse scales over the globe on the basis of the observational data analysis and various modeling studies. As recognized in the Fifth Assessment Report by the Inter-government Panel on Climate Change, the magnitude of radiative forcing by atmospheric aerosols is highly uncertain, representing the largest uncertainty in projections of future climate by anthropogenic activities. By using a newly implemented cloud microphysical scheme in the cloud-resolving model, the thesis assesses aerosol-cloud interaction for distinct weather systems, ranging from individual cumulus to mesoscale convective systems. This thesis also introduces a novel hierarchical modeling approach that solves a long outstanding mismatch between simulations by regional weather models and global climate models in the climate modeling community. More importantly, the thesis provides key scientific solutions to several challenging questions in climate science, including the global impacts of the Asian pollution. As scientists wrestle with the complexities of climate change in response to varied anthropogenic forcing, perhaps no problem is more challenging than the understanding of the impacts of atmospheric aerosols from air pollution on clouds and the global circulation.
Author : Rocío Baró Esteban
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Analysis of the Aerosol-radiation-cloud Interactions Through the Use of Regional Climate/chemistry Coupled Models written by Rocío Baró Esteban and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response of the climate systems to aerosols and their effect on the radiative budget of the Earth is the most uncertain climate feedback and one of the key topics in climate change mitigation. Air quality-climate studies (AQCI) are a key, but uncertain contributor to the anthropogenic forcing that remains poorly understood. To build confidence in the AQCI studies, regional-scale integrated meteorology-atmospheric chemistry models are in demand. The main objective of the present Thesis is the characterization of the uncertainties in the climate-chemistry-aerosol-cloud-radiation system associated to the aerosol direct and indirect radiative effects caused by aerosols over Europe, employing an ensemble of fully-coupled climate and chemistry model simulations. The first topic covered deals with the microphysics parameterization configuration of an online-coupled model. The differences when using two microphysics schemes within the Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model are analyzed. The evaluated simulations come from the Air quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) Phase 2. The impact on several variables is estimated when selecting Morrison vs. Lin microphysics. The results showed smaller and more numerous cloud droplets simulated with the Morrison and therefore this scheme is more effective in scattering shortwave radiation. Also, the impact of biomass burning (BB) aerosols on surface winds during the Russian heat wave and wildfires episode is studied. The methodology consists of three WRF-Chem simulations over Europe, run under the context of EuMetChem COST Action ES1004, differing in the inclusion (or not) of aerosol-radiation (ARI) and aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI). These aerosols can affect surface winds where emission sources are located and further from the release areas. Local winds decrease due to a reduction of shortwave radiation at the ground, which leads to decreases in 2-m temperature. Atmospheric stability increases when considering aerosol feedbacks, inducing a lower planetary boundary layer height. This Dissertation also investigates the ability of an ensemble of simulations to elucidate the aerosol-radiation-cloud interactions. An assessment of whether the inclusion of atmospheric aerosol radiative feedbacks during two aerosol case studies of an ensemble of on-line coupled models improves the simulation results for maximum, mean and minimum 2-m temperature is done. The simulations (COST Action ES1004) are evaluated against observational data from E-OBS database. In both episodes, a general underestimation of the studied variables is found, being most noticeable in maximum temperature. The biases are improved when including ARI or ARI+ACI in the dust case. Although the ensemble does not outperform the individual models (in general), its improvements when including ARI+ARI are more remarkable. Last, an improvement of the spatio-temporal variability and correlation coefficients when aerosol radiative effects are included is found. Finally, the representation of the ACI in regional-scale integrated models when simulating the climate-chemistry-cloud-radiation system is analyzed. It complements the temperature analyses. The evaluated simulations are run in the context of AQMEII Phase 2 and include the ARI+ACI interactions. Simulations are evaluated against the (ESA) Cloud_cci data. Results show an underestimation(overestimation) of cloud fraction (CFR) over land(ocean) areas, which could be related to satellite retrieval missing thin clouds. Lower bias and mean absolute error (MAE) are found in the ensemble Cloud optical depth (COD) and cloud liquid ice path (CIP) are generally underestimated. The differences are related to microphysics. The development of this Thesis has contributed to the state of the art in AQCI studies. Although including aerosol feedbacks does not modify the bias, the spatio-temporal variability and correlation coefficients are improved.
Author : Douw G. Steyn
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9048138124
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XX written by Douw G. Steyn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments in air pollution modelling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This book on air pollution modelling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modelling; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation; the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. It consists of a series of papers that were presented at the 30th NATO/SPS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and its Application held in San Francisco, U.S.A., May 18-22, 2009. It is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modelling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Author : Stefan R. Rahimi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781687954930
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (549 download)
Download or read book On Understanding and Quantifying Direct, Semi-direct, and Snow Darkening Effects of Black Carbon and Dust on Regional Climate written by Stefan R. Rahimi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation reviews a multi-model approach to explore, clarify, and quantify snow darkening effects (SDE) and atmospheric aerosol radiation interactions (ARI) associated with Black Carbon (BC) and dust (BCD collectively) particles. A collection of global and regional climate models are used to constrain the impacts these aerosols have on the surface and top-of-the-atmosphere energy budgets, the water budget, and the general circulation of the atmosphere on regional scales. Specifically, we employ a special global climate model of varying horizontal grid spacing to simulate BCD-induced SDE and ARI impacts on the South-Asian Monsoon (SAM), which serves as a major water resource for one-quarter of the world’s population. We then use a regional climate model, coupled to a chemistry mechanism, to simulate BCD SDE and ARI on convective permitting scales across the Rocky Mountains of the western U.S. (WUS) for water year 2009. Before interpreting the weather and climate effects of BCD SDE and ARI, extensive evaluations of model biases in simulated aerosol properties, surface temperature, snow properties, and precipitation are conducted to assess model fidelity. All results are presented in context of biases in simulated meteorology and chemistry. When applicable, simple theoretical frameworks are applied to justify BCD effects.
Author : W. H. Marlow
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642814247
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)
Download or read book Aerosol Microphysics I written by W. H. Marlow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suggestion by Dr. Franklin S. Harris, Jr. , that these books be written arose pursuant to the editor's plaints that despite the implicitly or explicitly ack nowledged importance of both aerosols and particulate matter in innumerable domains of technology and human welfare, investigations of these subjects were generally not supported independently of the narrowest conceivable domains of their appli cations. Frank Harris, who has long been a contributor in one of the important domains of aerosol macrophysics, atmospheric optics, challenged the editor to elaborate his views. Ideally, they would have taken the form of a monograph; however, there is as yet an insufficient body of information to present a unified treatment. At the same time, substantial efforts are in progress in the component fields to hold the promise for the emergence of unifying elements which will even tually facilitate their presentation to be made with a high degree of integrity. There are numerous pertinent and systematic tie-ins between project-oriented aerosol work and basic physical investigations which are themselves quite closely akin to much classical and current work in physical science. The most significant aspect of these tie-ins is their potential for making substantial contributions to the functional needs of the applications areas while stimulating significant questions of basic physics. For this to be possible, it is necessary that the most relevant areas of physics be identified in such a manner as to make clear their re levance for aerosol-related studies and vice versa.
Author : Wendilyn J. Kaufeld
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (774 download)
Download or read book Toward Assessing the Effects of Aerosols on Deep Convection: a Numerical Study Using the WRF-Chemistry Model written by Wendilyn J. Kaufeld and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the formative agents of cloud droplets, aerosols play an undeniably important role in the development of clouds and precipitation. Few meteorological models have been developed or adapted to simulate aerosols and their contribution to cloud and precipitation processes. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) has recently been coupled with an atmospheric chemistry suite and is jointly referred to as WRF-Chem, allowing atmospheric chemistry and meteorology to influence each other0́9s evolution within a mesoscale modeling framework. Provided that the model physics are robust, this framework allows the feedbacks between aerosol chemistry, cloud physics, and dynamics to be investigated. This study focuses on the effects of aerosols on meteorology, specifically, the interaction of aerosol chemical species with microphysical processes represented within the framework of the WRF-Chem. Aerosols are represented by eight size bins using the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) sectional parameterization, which is linked to the Purdue Lin bulk microphysics scheme. The aim of this study is to examine the sensitivity of deep convective precipitation modeled by the 2D WRF-Chem to varying aerosol number concentration and aerosol type. A systematic study has been performed regarding the effects of aerosols on parameters such as total precipitation, updraft/downdraft speed, distribution of hydrometeor species, and organizational features, within idealized maritime and continental thermodynamic environments. Initial results were obtained using WRFv3.0.1, and a second series of tests were run using WRFv3.2 after several changes to the activation, autoconversion, and Lin et al. microphysics schemes added by the WRF community, as well as the implementation of prescribed vertical levels by the author. The results of WRFv3.2 runs contrasted starkly with WRFv3.0.1 runs. The WRFv3.0.1 runs produced a propagating system resembling a developing squall line, whereas the WRFv3.2 runs did not. The response of total precipitation, updraft/downdraft speeds, and system organization to increasing aerosol concentrations were opposite between runs with different versions of WRF. Results of the WRFv3.2 runs, however, were in better agreement in timing and magnitude of vertical velocity and hydrometeor content with a WRFv3.0.1 run using single-moment Lin et al. microphysics, than WRFv3.0.1 runs with chemistry. One result consistent throughout all simulations was an inhibition in warm-rain processes due to enhanced aerosol concentrations, which resulted in a delay of precipitation onset that ranged from 2-3 minutes in WRFv3.2 runs, and up to 15 minutes in WRFv.3.0.1 runs. This result was not observed in a previous study by Ntelekos et al. (2009) using the WRF-Chem, perhaps due to their use of coarser horizontal and vertical resolution within their experiment. The changes to microphysical processes such as activation and autoconversion from WRFv3.0.1 to WRFv3.2, along with changes in the packing of vertical levels, had more impact than the varying aerosol concentrations even though the range of aerosol tested was greater than that observed in field studies. In order to take full advantage of the input of aerosols now offered by the chemistry module in WRF, the author recommends that a fully double-moment microphysics scheme be linked, rather than the limited double-moment Lin et al. scheme that currently exists. With this modification, the WRF-Chem will be a powerful tool for studying aerosol-cloud interactions and allow comparison of results with other studies using more modern and complex microphysical parameterizations.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Automated Surface Observing System written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Khairunnisa Binte Yahya
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 491 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (994 download)
Download or read book Regional Air Quality and Climate Modeling Using WRF/Chem with Improved Model Representations of Organic Aerosol Formation and Aerosol Activation written by Khairunnisa Binte Yahya and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alexander Baklanov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642139809
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)
Download or read book Integrated Systems of Meso-Meteorological and Chemical Transport Models written by Alexander Baklanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-03 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, as the outcome of the COST-728/NetFAM workshop, focuses on the following main topics: 1) on-line coupled meteorology-chemistry modelling with two-way feedbacks, 2) off-line coupled modelling and interfaces, 3) validation and case studies including air quality related episodes, and 4) integration of atmospheric chemical transport (ACT) models with numerical weather prediction (NWP). This book is one of the first attempts to give an overall look on such integrated meso-meteorology and chemistry modelling approach. It reviews the current situation with the on-line and off-line coupling of mesoscale meteorological and ACT models worldwide as well as discusses advantages and shortcomings, best practices, and gives recommendations for on-line and off-line coupling of NWP and ACT models, implementation strategy for different feedback mechanisms, direct and indirect effects of aerosols and advanced interfaces between both types of models. The book is oriented towards numerical weather prediction and air quality modelling communities.
Author : Chao Jih-Ping
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Cumulus Dynamics written by Chao Jih-Ping and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Constantin Andronache
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012810550X
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Mixed-Phase Clouds written by Constantin Andronache and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. - Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate - Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry - Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
Author : Priyanka Roy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (855 download)
Download or read book A Numerical Investigation of the Aerosol Effects on a Mesoscale Convective System written by Priyanka Roy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) are frequent occurrences during summer months in mid-west USA and bring almost 30% rainfall to the region. This work investigates the effects of anthropogenic aerosols, like sulfate and black carbon, and natural aerosols like dust on a MCS. The coupled meteorology and chemistry Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) version 3.1.1 model was employed for the numerical study of the aerosol effects on MCS. The selected MCS occurred on June 20, 2007 covering large parts of Kansas, Oklahoma and northern Texas. In the WRF-Chem model, the aerosol effects are analyzed by inputting the aerosol optical properties into the shortwave radiation scheme and physical properties into the microphysics scheme. The interaction of aerosols with the incoming shortwave radiation is higher due to the wavelength being similar to particulate sizes found in the atmosphere. The spatial resolution which resolves the features of the MCS reliably well was found by conducting sensitivity studies at coarse and fine resolution. At the coarse resolution (18 km) the MCS was not very well resolved, with delays in cloud and precipitation formation. However, the direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic aerosols were prominent, by showing large scale scattering of the shortwave radiation and by suppressing the precipitation, respectively. The nested domain simulations have higher inner domain resolutions (6 and 1.5 km) and as a result resolved the MCS better than the single coarse resolution simulation. The combined aerosol effects are investigated by increasing the amount of the sulfate, black carbon and dust aerosols, and considering their dominant characteristics. Sulfates are the major constituents of the anthropogenic emissions, and they are scattering and reflecting in nature. On the other hand, black carbon and dust absorb radiation, evaporating clouds and also warming the atmosphere. The dust particulates form giant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), which can enhance precipitation in the presence of moisture in the atmosphere. The combination of the radiative effects due to each of these aerosols has shown, that scattering due to aerosols is a dominant factor for all the types of aerosols. The presence of aerosols interacting with the microphysics and radiation schemes produces a more organized MCS structure, as well as more liquid and ice clouds. The black carbon particulates do not solely warm the atmosphere, but also prevent a large amount of the solar radiation from reaching the surface. The giant CCN due to dust particles instead of suppressing the precipitation enhances it. Thus, two absorbing aerosols when increased in amounts show very different effects on cloud cover and precipitation during MCS. This is one of the few studies to use coupled chemistry and meteorology model to study the effects of aerosols on MCS. It brings to light the fact that inspite of their concentration, some dominant characteristics of each aerosol type may be lost while others may be emphasized, on the surface energy balance and in the non-linear process of precipitation even during MCS. This work shows that the aerosol concentration and composition are prominent on the surface energy and while the aerosol size and concentration are vital for the precipitation processes.
Author : Vicki H. Grassian
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420027670
Total Pages : 723 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Environmental Catalysis written by Vicki H. Grassian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-05-26 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of environmental interfaces and environmental catalysis is central to finding more effective solutions to air pollution and in understanding of how pollution impacts the natural environment. Encompassing concepts, techniques, and methods, Environmental Catalysis provides a mix of theory, computation, analysis, and synthesis to support the
Author : Yuchao Gao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Organic Aerosol Volatility on Particle Microphysics and Global Climate written by Yuchao Gao and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in mass, number concentration, size distribution, and mixing state (composition) have great implications and impact on climate. Further studies are needed in examining and improving factors linked to the new representation of semi-volatiles in an aerosol microphysics model, including but not limited to the treatment of mass-based emission factor distribution among different organic volatilities and the size distribution of tiny organic particles that have evaporated but not completely. Challenges in evaluations of organic aerosol against measurements remain in that remote regions of significant interest lack available measurements, and additional field campaigns will be important for us to better understand real world conditions and shed light on model performance.
Download or read book Incorporation of the Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization, and Dissolution (MADRID) Into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem): Model Development and Retrospective Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas/particle mass transfer process plays an important role in determining aerosol mass concentrations and shaping aerosol size distribution. Its treatments in three dimensional (3-D) Air Quality Models (AQMs), however, are largely uncertain. In this thesis work, the gas/particle mass transfer approaches in an aerosol module are improved and evaluated to identify an accurate yet computationally efficient approach for use in 3-D AQMs. The aerosol module with the improved gas/particle mass transfer approaches has been incorporated into a state-of-science air quality forecasting (AQF) system and evaluated with two 3-D applications. Several stand alone condensation schemes used in AQMs are first evaluated with a hypothetical condensation-only case. The original formulation of the Bott scheme as implemented in several AQMs is found to be subject to upstream diffusion thus does not warrant continuous use without modifications. The analytical predictor of condensation with a moving center approach (APC_MC) is shown to be more accurate than the Bott and Trajectory-Grid (T-G) condensation schemes, thus has been incorporated into the Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization and Dissolution (MADRID) to solve the gas/particle mass transfer process explicitly. The improved hybrid (i.e., hybrid/APC_MC) and kinetic (i.e., kinetic/APC_MC) approaches and the pre-existing bulk equilibrium approach in MADRID are tested using observational data. The hybrid/APC_MC and kinetic/APC_MC are recommended for 3-D applications due to the best compromise between accuracy and computational efficiency. The improved MADRID has been incorporated into WRF/Chem (referred to as WRF/Chem-MADRID hereafter). WRF/Chem-MADRID with three gas/particle mass transfer approaches (i.e., bulk equilibrium (EQUI), hybrid/APC_MC (HYBR), and kinetic/APC_MC (KINE)) has been tested and evaluated with a 5-day episode from the TexAQS-2000. WRF/Chem-MADRID simulates meteorological parameters fairly well. Simulated ho.
