Counterfactual Thinking Counterfactual Writing

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Counterfactual Thinking - Counterfactual Writing

Author : Dorothee Birke
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110268663
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Counterfactual Thinking - Counterfactual Writing by : Dorothee Birke

Download or read book Counterfactual Thinking - Counterfactual Writing written by Dorothee Birke and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-11-30 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Counterfactuality is currently a hotly debated topic. While for some disciplines such as linguistics, cognitive science, or psychology counterfactual scenarios have been an important object of study for quite a while, counterfactual thinking has in recent years emerged as a method of study for other disciplines, most notably the social sciences. This volume provides an overview of the current definitions and uses of the concept of counterfactuality in philosophy, historiography, political sciences, psychology, linguistics, physics, and literary studies. The individual contributions not only engage the controversies that the deployment of counterfactual thinking as a method still generates, they also highlight the concept’s potential to promote interdisciplinary exchange without neglecting the limitations and pitfalls of such a project. Moreover, the essays from literary studies, which make up about half of the volume, provide both a historical and a systematic perspective on the manifold ways in which counterfactual scenarios can be incorporated into and deployed in literary texts.

Counterfactual Love Stories and Other Experiments

Author : BLISS. JACKSON
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781934819975
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Counterfactual Love Stories and Other Experiments by : BLISS. JACKSON

Download or read book Counterfactual Love Stories and Other Experiments written by BLISS. JACKSON and published by . This book was released on 2021-10 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiction. Asian & Asian American Studies. From fragmented ransom notes to hanging footnotes, contemporary fairy tales to coded text, interconnecting pieces of modal flash fiction to backwards fractal narratives about gradual blindness, transgressive listicles to how-to guides for performative wokeness, variable destinies in downtown Chicago to impossible dating applications, counterfactual relationships to the French translation of adolescence, the conceptual, language-driven short stories in COUNTERFACTUAL LOVE STORIES AND OTHER EXPERIMENTS are an exploration of not just mixed-race/hapa identity in Michigan (and the American Midwest), but also of the infinite ways in which stories can be told, challenged, celebrated, and subverted.

Telling It Like It Wasn’t

Author : Catherine Gallagher
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022651255X
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis Telling It Like It Wasn’t by : Catherine Gallagher

Download or read book Telling It Like It Wasn’t written by Catherine Gallagher and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-01-26 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inventing counterfactual histories is a common pastime of modern day historians, both amateur and professional. We speculate about an America ruled by Jefferson Davis, a Europe that never threw off Hitler, or a second term for JFK. These narratives are often written off as politically inspired fantasy or as pop culture fodder, but in Telling It Like It Wasn’t, Catherine Gallagher takes the history of counterfactual history seriously, pinning it down as an object of dispassionate study. She doesn’t take a moral or normative stand on the practice, but focuses her attention on how it works and to what ends—a quest that takes readers on a fascinating tour of literary and historical criticism. Gallagher locates the origins of contemporary counterfactual history in eighteenth-century Europe, where the idea of other possible historical worlds first took hold in philosophical disputes about Providence before being repurposed by military theorists as a tool for improving the art of war. In the next century, counterfactualism became a legal device for deciding liability, and lengthy alternate-history fictions appeared, illustrating struggles for historical justice. These early motivations—for philosophical understanding, military improvement, and historical justice—are still evident today in our fondness for counterfactual tales. Alternate histories of the Civil War and WWII abound, but here, Gallagher shows how the counterfactual habit of replaying the recent past often shapes our understanding of the actual events themselves. The counterfactual mode lets us continue to envision our future by reconsidering the range of previous alternatives. Throughout this engaging and eye-opening book, Gallagher encourages readers to ask important questions about our obsession with counterfactual history and the roots of our tendency to ask “What if...?”

The Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking

Author : David R. Mandel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134353197
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (343 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking by : David R. Mandel

Download or read book The Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking written by David R. Mandel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a critical overview of significant developments in research and theory on counterfactual thinking that have emerged in recent years and spotlights exciting new directions for future research in this area. Key issues considered include the relations between counterfactual and casual reasoning, the functional bases of counterfactual thinking, the role of counterfactual thinking in the experience of emotion and the importance of counterfactual thinking in the context of crime and justice.

Counterfactuals

Author : Christopher Prendergast
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350090107
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Counterfactuals by : Christopher Prendergast

Download or read book Counterfactuals written by Christopher Prendergast and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are counterfactuals and what is their point? In many cases, none at all. It may be true that if kangaroos didn't have tails, they would fall over, but they do have tails and if they didn't they wouldn't be kangaroos (or would they?). This is the sort of thing that can give counterfactuals a bad name, as inhabitants of a La La Land of the mind. On the other hand, counterfactuals do useful service across a broad range of disciplines in both the sciences and the humanities, including philosophy, history, cosmology, biology, cognitive psychology, jurisprudence, economics, art history, literary theory. They are also richly, albeit sometimes treacherously, present in the everyday human realm of how our lives are both imagined and lived: in the 'crossroads' scenario of decision-making, the place of regret in retrospective assessments of paths taken and not taken, and, at the outer limit, as the wish not to have been born. Christopher Prendergast take us on a dizzying exploratory journey through some of these intellectual and human landscapes, mobilizing a wide range of reference from antiquity to the present, and sustained by the belief that, whether as help or hindrance, and with many variations across cultures, counterfactual thinking and imagining are fundamental to what it is to be human.

Altered Pasts

Author : Richard J. Evans
Publisher : Brandeis University Press
ISBN 13 : 1611685389
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Altered Pasts by : Richard J. Evans

Download or read book Altered Pasts written by Richard J. Evans and published by Brandeis University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ê A bullet misses its target in Sarajevo, a would-be Austrian painter gets into the Viennese academy, Lord Halifax becomes British prime minister in 1940 instead of Churchill: seemingly minor twists of fate on which world-shaking events might have hinged. Alternative history has long been the stuff of parlor games, war-gaming, and science fiction, but over the past few decades it has become a popular stomping ground for serious historians. The historian Richard J. Evans now turns a critical, slightly jaundiced eye on a subject typically the purview of armchair historians. The bookÕs main concern is examining the intellectual fallout from historical counterfactuals, which the author defines as Òalternative versions of the past in which one alteration in the timeline leads to a different outcome from the one we know actually occurred.Ó What if Britain had stood at the sidelines during the First World War? What if the Wehrmacht had taken Moscow? The author offers an engaging and insightful introduction to the genre, while discussing the reasons for its revival in popularity, the role of historical determinism, and the often hidden agendas of the counterfactual historian. Most important, Evans takes counterfactual history seriously, looking at the insights, pitfalls, and intellectual implications of changing one thread in the weave of history. A wonderful critical introduction to an often-overlooked genre for scholars and casual readers of history alike.

Virtual History: Alternatives And Counterfactuals

Author : Niall Ferguson
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0786725796
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Virtual History: Alternatives And Counterfactuals by : Niall Ferguson

Download or read book Virtual History: Alternatives And Counterfactuals written by Niall Ferguson and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2008-08-06 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What if there had been no American War of Independence? What if Hitler had invaded Britain? What if Kennedy had lived? What if Russia had won the Cold War? Niall Ferguson, author of the highly acclaimed The Pity of War, leads the charge in this historically rigorous series of separate voyages into “imaginary time” and provides far-reaching answers to these intriguing questions.Ferguson's brilliant 90-page introduction doubles as a manifesto on the methodology of counter-factual history. His equally masterful afterword traces the likely historical ripples that would have proceeded from the maintenance of Stuart rule in England. This breathtaking narrative gives us a convincing, detailed “alternative history” of the West—from the accession of “James III” in 1701, to a Nazi-occupied England, to a U.S. Prime Minister Kennedy who lives to complete his term.

Counterfactual Thought Experiments in World Politics

Author : Philip E. Tetlock
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691215073
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Counterfactual Thought Experiments in World Politics by : Philip E. Tetlock

Download or read book Counterfactual Thought Experiments in World Politics written by Philip E. Tetlock and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political scientists often ask themselves what might have been if history had unfolded differently: if Stalin had been ousted as General Party Secretary or if the United States had not dropped the bomb on Japan. Although scholars sometimes scoff at applying hypothetical reasoning to world politics, the contributors to this volume--including James Fearon, Richard Lebow, Margaret Levi, Bruce Russett, and Barry Weingast--find such counterfactual conjectures not only useful, but necessary for drawing causal inferences from historical data. Given the importance of counterfactuals, it is perhaps surprising that we lack standards for evaluating them. To fill this gap, Philip Tetlock and Aaron Belkin propose a set of criteria for distinguishing plausible from implausible counterfactual conjectures across a wide range of applications. The contributors to this volume make use of these and other criteria to evaluate counterfactuals that emerge in diverse methodological contexts including comparative case studies, game theory, and statistical analysis. Taken together, these essays go a long way toward establishing a more nuanced and rigorous framework for assessing counterfactual arguments about world politics in particular and about the social sciences more broadly.

Lewis Carroll's "Alice" and Cognitive Narratology

Author : Francesca Arnavas
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110689278
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Lewis Carroll's "Alice" and Cognitive Narratology by : Francesca Arnavas

Download or read book Lewis Carroll's "Alice" and Cognitive Narratology written by Francesca Arnavas and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-01-18 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in an age that is witnessing a growing interest in narrative studies, cognitive neuroscientific tools, mind studies and artificial intelligence hypotheses. This book therefore aims to expand the exegesis of Carroll's "Alice" books, aligning them with the current intellectual environment. The theoretical force of this volume lies in the successful encounter between a great book (and all its polysemous ramifications) and a new interpretative point of view, powerful enough to provide a new original contribution, but well grounded enough not to distort the text itself. Moreover, this book is one of the first to offer a complete, thorough analysis of one single text through the theoretical lens of cognitive narratology, and not just as a series of brief examples embedded within a more general discussion. It emphasises in a more direct, effective way the actual novelty and usefulness of the dialogue established between narrative theory and the cognitive sciences. It links specific concepts elaborated in the theory of cognitive narratology with the analysis of the "Alice" books, helping in this way to discuss, question and extend the concepts themselves, opening up new interpretations and practical methods.

Possible Worlds Theory and Counterfactual Historical Fiction

Author : Riyukta Raghunath
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030534529
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Possible Worlds Theory and Counterfactual Historical Fiction by : Riyukta Raghunath

Download or read book Possible Worlds Theory and Counterfactual Historical Fiction written by Riyukta Raghunath and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive Possible Worlds framework with which to analyse counterfactual historical fiction. Counterfactual historical fiction is a literary genre that comprises narratives set in worlds whose histories run contrary to the history of our world, usually speculating on what would have happened had a significant historical event (such as a war) turned out differently. The author develops a systematic critical approach based on a customised model of Possible Worlds Theory supplemented by cognitive concepts that account for the different processes that readers go through when they read counterfactual historical fiction, a genre which relies heavily on pre-existing knowledge about history and culture. This book will be of interest to anyone working with Possible Worlds, including within the fields of philosophy, literary studies, stylistics, cognitive poetics, and narratology.

Counterfactual Romanticism

Author : Damian Walford Davies
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526108011
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Counterfactual Romanticism by : Damian Walford Davies

Download or read book Counterfactual Romanticism written by Damian Walford Davies and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-18 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovatively extending counterfactual thought experiments from history and the social sciences to literary historiography, criticism and theory, Counterfactual Romanticism reveals the ways in which the shapes of Romanticism are conditioned by that which did not come to pass. Exploring various modalities of counterfactual speculation and inquiry across a range of Romantic-period authors, genres and concerns, this collection offers a radical new purchase on literary history, on the relationship between history and fiction, and on our historicist methods to date – and thus on the Romanticisms we (think we) have inherited. Counterfactual Romanticism provides a ground-breaking method of re-reading literary pasts and our own reading presents; in the process, literary production, texts and reading practices are unfossilised and defamiliarised.

The Rational Imagination

Author : Ruth M. J. Byrne
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262261845
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (618 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rational Imagination by : Ruth M. J. Byrne

Download or read book The Rational Imagination written by Ruth M. J. Byrne and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007-01-26 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human imagination remains one of the last uncharted terrains of the mind. This accessible and original monograph explores a central aspect of the imagination, the creation of counterfactual alternatives to reality, and claims that imaginative thoughts are guided by the same principles that underlie rational thoughts. Research has shown that rational thought is more imaginative than cognitive scientists had supposed; in The Rational Imagination, Ruth Byrne argues that imaginative thought is more rational than scientists have imagined. People often create alternatives to reality and imagine how events might have turned out "if only" something had been different. Byrne explores the "fault lines" of reality, the aspects of reality that are more readily changed in imaginative thoughts. She finds that our tendencies to imagine alternatives to actions, controllable events, socially unacceptable actions, causal and enabling relations, and events that come last in a temporal sequence provide clues to the cognitive processes upon which the counterfactual imagination depends. The explanation of these processes, Byrne argues, rests on the idea that imaginative thought and rational thought have much in common.

Forbidden Fruit

Author : Richard Ned Lebow
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691132909
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Forbidden Fruit by : Richard Ned Lebow

Download or read book Forbidden Fruit written by Richard Ned Lebow and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-07 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Could World War I have been averted if Franz Ferdinand and his wife hadn't been murdered by Serbian nationalists in 1914? What if Ronald Reagan had been killed by Hinckley's bullet? Would the Cold War have ended as it did? In Forbidden Fruit, Richard Ned Lebow develops protocols for conducting robust counterfactual thought experiments and uses them to probe the causes and contingency of transformative international developments like World War I and the end of the Cold War. He uses experiments, surveys, and a short story to explore why policymakers, historians, and international relations scholars are so resistant to the contingency and indeterminism inherent in open-ended, nonlinear systems. Most controversially, Lebow argues that the difference between counterfactual and so-called factual arguments is misleading, as both can be evidence-rich and logically persuasive. A must-read for social scientists, Forbidden Fruit also examines the binary between fact and fiction and the use of counterfactuals in fictional works like Philip Roth's The Plot Against America to understand complex causation and its implications for who we are and what we think makes the social world work.

Things that Didn't Happen

Author : John McTague
Publisher : Studies in the Eighteenth Cent
ISBN 13 : 9781783274093
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Things that Didn't Happen by : John McTague

Download or read book Things that Didn't Happen written by John McTague and published by Studies in the Eighteenth Cent. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An innovative exploration of fake news and alternative reality in late Stuart and early Hanoverian political and literary culture, from the Popish Plot and the South Sea Bubble to the Dunciad. James Francis Edward Stuart, the Prince of Wales born in 1688, was not a commoner's child smuggled into the queen's birthing chamber in a warming pan, but many people said he was. In 1708, the same prince did not quite land in Scotland with a force of 5,000 men in order to claim the Scottish crown, but writers busied themselves with exploring what would have happened if he had succeeded. These fictions had as potent an effect on the political culture of late Stuart and early Hanoverian Britain as many events that really did happen. From the alleged "Popish Plot" of Titus Oates to the South Sea Bubble, John McTague draws on a rich variety of sources - popular, archival and literary - to investigate the propagandic and literary exploitation of three kinds of things that did not occur at this time: failures which inspired "what if" narratives, speculative futures which failed to come to pass and "pure" fictions created and disseminated for political gain. Finally, a ground-breaking reading of the various versions of Pope's Dunciad reveals a work that in its exploration of historic causation and agency and its repurposing o fthe material of contemporary political and literary culture deploys many of the strategies explored in earlier chapters to present Hanoverian reality as if it were counterhistory. JOHN MCTAGUE is Lecturer in English Literature at Bristol University.

Unmaking the West

Author : Philip Eyrikson Tetlock
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 9780472031436
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis Unmaking the West by : Philip Eyrikson Tetlock

Download or read book Unmaking the West written by Philip Eyrikson Tetlock and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 9788472457904.txt

Children's Reasoning and the Mind

Author : Peter Mitchell
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317715217
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Children's Reasoning and the Mind by : Peter Mitchell

Download or read book Children's Reasoning and the Mind written by Peter Mitchell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fresh and dynamic book offers a thorough investigation into the development of the cognitive processes that underpin judgements about mental states (often termed 'theory of mind') and addresses specific issues that have not been adequately dealt with in the past, and which are now being raised by some of the most prominent researchers in the field.

Understanding Counterfactuals, Understanding Causation

Author : Christoph Hoerl
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019161839X
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Counterfactuals, Understanding Causation by : Christoph Hoerl

Download or read book Understanding Counterfactuals, Understanding Causation written by Christoph Hoerl and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How are causal judgements such as 'The ice on the road caused the traffic accident' connected with counterfactual judgements such as 'If there had not been any ice on the road, the traffic accident would not have happened'? This volume throws new light on this question by uniting, for the first time, psychological and philosophical approaches to causation and counterfactuals. Traditionally, philosophers have primarily been interested in connections between causal and counterfactual claims on the level of meaning or truth-conditions. More recently, however, they have also increasingly turned their attention to psychological connections between causal and counterfactual understanding or reasoning. At the same time, there has been a surge in interest in empirical work on causal and counterfactual cognition amongst developmental, cognitive, and social psychologists—much of it inspired by work in philosophy. In this volume, twelve original contributions from leading philosophers and psychologists explore in detail what bearing empirical findings might have on philosophical concerns about counterfactuals and causation, and how, in turn, work in philosophy might help clarify the issues at stake in empirical work on the cognitive underpinnings of, and relationships between, causal and counterfactual thought.