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Author : Nicholas Apergēs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Convergence in Income Inequality written by Nicholas Apergēs and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Francesco Grigoli
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475569041
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Inequality and Growth written by Francesco Grigoli and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-01-18 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combination of stagnant growth and high levels of income inequality renewed the debate about whether a more even distribution of income can spur economic activity. This paper tests for cross-country convergence in income inequality and estimates its impact on economic growth with a heterogeneous panel structural vector autoregression model, which addresses some empirical challenges plaguing the literature. We find that income inequality is converging across countries, and that its impact on economic growth is heterogeneous. In particular, while the median response of real per capita GDP growth to shocks in income inequality is negative and significant, the dispersion around the estimates is large, with at least one fourth of the countries in the sample presenting a positive effect. The results suggest that the negative effect is mainly driven by the Middle East and Central Asia and the Western Hemisphere across regions, and emerging markets across income levels. Finally, we find evidence that improved institutional frameworks can reduce the negative effect of income inequality on growth.
Author : Xing Miao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (844 download)
Download or read book Cross-country Convergence in Income Inequality written by Xing Miao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neoclassical models imply convergence of the entire distribution, not just the mean income levels. In this paper, we analyze convergence in income inequality by using the considerably enlarged data bases, from the World Bank (Povcal) and the World Institute for Development Economic Research (WIDER). Convergence in gini indices of inequality is tested across 55 countries. We consider three sample subsets; one for the developing countries, second of the developed countries and third with all countries together. We test for convergence in gini indices over a period of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 years. Additionally we use cross-section (OLS), panel (GMM) and a novel OLS estimation methods. Our results uniformly indicate that inequality levels among developing countries converged. Evidence of convergence is weaker among developed countries. Developing countries appear to converge faster than developed countries.
Author : Branko Milanovi?
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Global Income Inequality written by Branko Milanovi? and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The paper presents a nontechnical summary of the current state of debate on the measurement and implications of global inequality (inequality between citizens of the world). It discusses the relationship between globalization and global inequality. And it shows why global inequality matters and proposes a scheme for global redistribution. "--World Bank web site.
Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Inequality Convergence written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is income inequality tending to fall in countries with high inequality and to rise in those where inequality is low? Is there a process of convergence toward medium-level inequality?
Author : Gouranga Gopal Das
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Does Trade and Technology Transmission Facilitate Inequality Convergence? An Inquiry Into the Role of Technology in Reducing the Poverty of Nations written by Gouranga Gopal Das and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2007 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on stylized evidence showing variation of the Gini coefficient of income inequality across skill cohorts and on the rapid rise in trade in technology-intensive goods, the ripple effects of technology transmission and income inequality are explored in a global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) framework. An exogenous technology shock transmitted via trade from the United States induces productivity growth in developing regions. This spillover capture-aided by absorptive capability, better governance and institutions, technological symmetry and social acceptance-causes income to increase and income inequality to decline. The conjoined parameters retard growth's inequality-enhancing effect and thus facilitate long-run convergence of inequality between nations.
Author : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513547437
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Author : Eric Neumayer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book The Pitfalls of Convergence Analysis written by Eric Neumayer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of studies have tested whether, globally, per capita incomes are converging over time. To date, the majority of studies find no evidence of absolute convergence, but many find evidence of conditional convergence, i.e. convergence having controlled for differences in technological and behavioural parameters. The lack of evidence of absolute convergence has led to claims that global income inequality is deteriorating. We believe this to be untrue. Most convergence studies are aimed at proving or disproving the neoclassical growth model and hence take the 'country' as the unit of measurement. However, if one is making inferences about world income distribution the focus should be on 'people' rather than 'countries' to prevent China and Luxembourg, for example, receiving equal weighting in the analysis. We use the beta-convergence method and two different measures of per capita income and show that there is indeed evidence of income divergence between countries. However, crucially, we also find convincing evidence of income convergence if we weight our regressions by population. Thus, we find that poor peoples' incomes are growing faster than rich peoples' incomes, suggesting that global income inequality is in fact improving.
Author : Michael Spence
Publisher : Macmillan + ORM
ISBN 13 : 1429968710
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)
Download or read book The Next Convergence written by Michael Spence and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2011-05-10 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Washington Post Notable Nonfiction Book for 2011 With the British Industrial Revolution, part of the world's population started to experience extraordinary economic growth—leading to enormous gaps in wealth and living standards between the industrialized West and the rest of the world. This pattern of divergence reversed after World War II, and now we are midway through a century of high and accelerating growth in the developing world and a new convergence with the advanced countries—a trend that is set to reshape the world. Michael Spence, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, explains what happened to cause this dramatic shift in the prospects of the five billion people who live in developing countries. The growth rates are extraordinary, and continuing them presents unprecedented challenges in governance, international coordination, and ecological sustainability. The implications for those living in the advanced countries are great but little understood. Spence clearly and boldly describes what's at stake for all of us as he looks ahead to how the global economy will develop over the next fifty years. The Next Convergence is certain to spark a heated debate how best to move forward in the post-crisis period and reset the balance between national and international economic interests, and short-term fixes and long-term sustainability.
Author : Michał Bernardelli
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000407195
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Economic Growth and Convergence written by Michał Bernardelli and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many different types of convergence within economics, as well as several methods to analyse each of them. This book addresses the concept of real economic convergence or the gradual levelling-off of GDP (gross domestic product) per capita rates across economies. In addition to a detailed, holistic overview of the history and theory, the authors include a description of two modern methods of assessing the occurrence and rate of convergence, BMA-based and HMM-based, as well as the results of the empirical analysis. Readers will have access not only to the conventional econometric approach of β convergence but also to an alternative one, allowing for the convergence issue to be expressed in the context of automatic pattern recognition. This approach is universal as it can be adapted to a variety of input data. The lowest aggregation level study investigates regional convergence through the case of Polish voivodships, where convergence towards the leader is tested. On a higher level of aggregation, the authors examine the existence of GDP convergence in such groups as the EU28, North Africa and the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Caribbean, South-East Asia, Australia and Oceania, or post-socialist countries. For each group, the real β convergence is tested using the two above-mentioned approaches. The results are widely discussed, broadly illustrated, interpreted, and compared. The analysis allows readers to draw interesting conclusions about the causes of convergence or the drivers behind divergence. The book will stimulate further research in the field, but the research was conducted from the point of view of individual countries.
Author : Mark S. Handcock
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387226583
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)
Download or read book Relative Distribution Methods in the Social Sciences written by Mark S. Handcock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-10 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents methods for full comparative distributional analysis based on the relative distribution. This provides a general integrated framework for analysis, a graphical component that simplifies exploratory data analysis and display, a statistically valid basis for the development of hypothesis-driven summary measures, and the potential for decomposition - enabling the examination of complex hypotheses regarding the origins of distributional changes within and between groups. Written for data analysts and those interested in measurement, the text can also serve as a textbook for a course on distributional methods.
Author : John A. Bishop
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1783505567
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (835 download)
Download or read book Economic Well-Being and Inequality written by John A. Bishop and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-29 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on Economic Inequality, Volume 22 collects papers from the Fifth ECINEQ Meeting, bringing together research from both senior and emerging scholars in the field of income distribution and poverty studies. The Volume is rounded out with investigations into the inequality of leisure time, regional convergence, and specific country studies.
Author : Kazuhiko Kakamu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (484 download)
Download or read book Divergence Or Convergence? written by Kazuhiko Kakamu and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Inequality Convergence written by Martin Ravallion and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is income inequality tending to fall in countries with high inequality and to rise in those where inequality is low? Is there a process of convergence toward medium-level inequality? Comparing changes in inequality with initial levels, using new data, Ravallion finds that within-country inequality in income or per capita consumption is converging toward medium levels - a Gini index around 40 percent. The finding is robust to allow for serially independent measurement error in inequality data and for short-run dynamics around longer-term trends. However, the convergence process is neither rapid nor certain, and more observations over time are needed to be confident of the pattern. Ravallion offers an approach to modeling the determinants of inequality that may be a starting point for estimating richer models.This paper - a product of Poverty, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to better understand what is happening to income inequality within developing countries.
Author : François Bourguignon
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400885558
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book The Globalization of Inequality written by François Bourguignon and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-24 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why national and international equality matter and what we can do to ensure a fairer world In The Globalization of Inequality, distinguished economist and policymaker François Bourguignon examines the complex and paradoxical links between a vibrant world economy that has raised the living standard of over half a billion people in emerging nations such as China, India, and Brazil, and the exponentially increasing inequality within countries. Exploring globalization's role in the evolution of inequality, Bourguignon takes an original and truly international approach to the decrease in inequality between nations, the increase in inequality within nations, and the policies that might moderate inequality’s negative effects. Demonstrating that in a globalized world it becomes harder to separate out the factors leading to domestic or international inequality, Bourguignon examines each trend through a variety of sources, and looks at how these inequalities sometimes balance each other out or reinforce one another. Factoring in the most recent economic crisis, Bourguignon investigates why inequality in some countries has dropped back to levels that have not existed for several decades, and he asks if these should be considered in the context of globalization or if they are in fact specific to individual nations. Ultimately, Bourguignon argues that it will be up to countries in the developed and developing world to implement better policies, even though globalization limits the scope for some potential redistributive instruments. An informed and original contribution to the current debates about inequality, this book will be essential reading for anyone who is interested in the future of the world economy.
Author : Francesco Savoia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Income Inequality Convergence Across EU Regions written by Francesco Savoia and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic inequality has increased in many EU countries in the last decades. Yet, efforts assessing economic disparities across the EU regions mostly concentrate on convergence in average per capita incomes, offering much less evidence on how regional income is distributed. Using data from Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) over the 1989-2013 period, this study contributes to fill this gap, focusing on whether there has been convergence of income distribution among EU regions, and on to what extent regional initial conditions and the Cohesion Policy affect the convergence process. Crosssection and panel convergence regressions, after a number of robustness checks, indicate that NUTS 2 regions are converging to higher level of income inequality, so becoming equally more unequal. This process is significantly faster when regions share similar structural characteristics. Finally, the implementation of the Cohesion Policy seems to have significantly accelerated the pace of convergence.
Author : Mariya Brussevich
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Income Convergence Or Divergence in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Shock? written by Mariya Brussevich and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-06-17 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper extends the work of Deaton (2021) by exploring the period of post-crisis recovery in 2021-2024. The paper documents per-capita income divergence during the period of post-shock recovery, with countries at the bottom of the income distribution falling significantly behind. Findings suggest that higher COVID-19 vaccination rates and targeted virus containment measures are associated with faster recovery in per-capita incomes in the medium term. Evidence on the effectiveness of economic support policies for reducing cross-country income inequality, including fiscal and monetary policies, is mixed especially in the case of developing countries.
