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Convective Precipitation Simulated With Icon Over Heterogeneous Surfaces In Dependence On Model And Land Surface Resolution
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Book Synopsis Convective precipitation simulated with ICON over heterogeneous surfaces in dependence on model and land-surface resolution by : Singh, Shweta
Download or read book Convective precipitation simulated with ICON over heterogeneous surfaces in dependence on model and land-surface resolution written by Singh, Shweta and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of land-surface properties like vegetation, soil type, soil moisture, and the orography on the atmosphere is manifold. These features determine the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer, convective conditions, cloud evolution and precipitation. The impact of model grid spacing and land-surface resolution on convective precipitation over heterogeneous surfaces is investigated using ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) simulations within the framework of the HD(CP)2 project.
Book Synopsis Representation of warm conveyor belts in sub-seasonal forecast models and the link to Atlantic-European weather regimes by : Wandel, Jan Lucas
Download or read book Representation of warm conveyor belts in sub-seasonal forecast models and the link to Atlantic-European weather regimes written by Wandel, Jan Lucas and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2023-05-25 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study systematically investigates the representation of warm conveyor belts (WCBs) in large reforecast data sets of different numerical weather prediction models and evaluates the role of WCBs for the onset and life cycle of Atlantic-European weather regimes. The results emphasize the importance of accurate forecast of WCBs for sub-seasonal prediction on time scales beyond two weeks and tie the low forecast skill of blocked weather regimes over Europe to misrepresented WCBs.
Book Synopsis Perspectives on warm conveyor belts - sensitivities to ensemble configuration and the role for forecast error by : Pickl, Moritz
Download or read book Perspectives on warm conveyor belts - sensitivities to ensemble configuration and the role for forecast error written by Pickl, Moritz and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2023-03-30 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are weather systems that substantially modulate the large-scale extratropical circulation. As they can amplify forecast errors and project them onto the Rossby wave pattern, they are of high relevance for numerical weather prediction. This work elaborates on two aspects of WCBs in the context of ensemble forecasts: (1) sensitivities of WCBs to the representation of initial condition and model uncertainties, and (2) the role of WCBs for forecast error growth.
Book Synopsis Improvement in Convective Precipitation and Land Surface Prediction Over Complex Terrain by : Tiantian Xiang
Download or read book Improvement in Convective Precipitation and Land Surface Prediction Over Complex Terrain written by Tiantian Xiang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land surface fluxes of energy and mass developed over heterogeneous mountain landscapes are fundamental to atmospheric processes. However, due to their high complexity and the lack of spatial observations, land surface processes and land-atmosphere interactions are not fully understood in mountain regions. This thesis investigates land surface processes and their impact on convective precipitation by conducting numerical modeling experiments at multiple scales over the North American Monsoon (NAM) region. Specifically, the following scientific questions are addressed: (1) how do land surface conditions evolve during the monsoon season, and what are their main controls?, (2) how do the diurnal cycles of surface energy fluxes vary during the monsoon season for the major ecosystems?, and (3) what are the impacts of surface soil moisture and vegetation condition on convective precipitation? Hydrologic simulation using the TIN-based Real-time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS) is firstly carried out to examine the seasonal evolution of land surface conditions. Results reveal that the spatial heterogeneity of land surface temperature and soil moisture increases dramatically with the onset of monsoon, which is related to seasonal changes in topographic and vegetation controls. Similar results are found at regional basin scale using the uncoupled WRF-Hydro model. Meanwhile, the diurnal cycles of surface energy fluxes show large variation between the major ecosystems. Differences in both the peak magnitude and peak timing of plant transpiration induce mesoscale heterogeneity in land surface conditions. Lastly, this dissertation examines the upscale effect of land surface heterogeneity on atmospheric condition through fully-coupled WRF-Hydro simulations. A series of process-based experiments were conducted to identify the pathways of soil moisture-rainfall feedback mechanism over the NAM region. While modeling experiments confirm the existence of positive soil moisture/vegetation-rainfall feedback, their exact pathways are slightly different. Interactions between soil moisture, vegetation cover, and rainfall through a series of land surface and atmospheric boundary layer processes highlight the strong land-atmosphere coupling in the NAM region, and have important implications on convective rainfall prediction. Overall, this dissertation advances the study of complex land surface processes over the NAM region, and made important contributions in linking complex hydrologic, ecologic and atmospheric processes through numerical modeling.
Book Synopsis Precipitation Simulation in Global Climate Models: Impact of Horizontal Resolution and Improved Land Surface Scheme (PHD). by : Muhammad Javed Shaikh
Download or read book Precipitation Simulation in Global Climate Models: Impact of Horizontal Resolution and Improved Land Surface Scheme (PHD). written by Muhammad Javed Shaikh and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulus Dynamics written by Chao Jih-Ping and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tropical Precipitation Simulated by the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3): an Evaluation Based on TRMM Satellite Measurements by : Jonathan Craig Collier
Download or read book Tropical Precipitation Simulated by the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3): an Evaluation Based on TRMM Satellite Measurements written by Jonathan Craig Collier and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluates the simulation of tropical precipitation by the Community Climate Model, Version 3, developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. For an evaluation of the annual cycle of precipitation, monthly-mean precipitation rates from an ensemble of CCM3 simulations are compared to those computed from observations of the TRMM satellite over a 44-month period. On regional and sub-regional scales, the comparison fares well over much of the Eastern Hemisphere south of 10°S and over South America. However, model - satellite differences are large in portions of Central America and the Caribbean, the southern tropical Atlantic, the northern Indian Ocean, and the western equatorial and southern tropical Pacific. Since precipitation in the Tropics is the primary source of latent energy to the general circulation, such large model - satellite difference simply large differences in the amount of latent energy released. Differences are seasonally-dependent north of 10°N, where model wet biases occur in realistic wet seasons or model-generated artificial wet seasons. South of 10°N, the model wet biases exist throughout the year or have no recognizable pattern. For an evaluation of the diurnal cycle of precipitation, hourly-averaged precipitation rates from the same ensemble of simulations and for the same 44-month period are compared to observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Comparisons are made for 15° longitude x 10° latitude boxes and for larger geographical areas within the Tropics. The temporally- and spatially-averaged hourly precipitation rates from CCM3 and from TRMM are fit to the diurnal harmonic by the method of linear least-squares regression, and the phases and the amplitudes of the diurnal cycles are compared. The model's diurnal cycle is too strong over major land masses, particularly over South America (by a factor of 3), and is too weak over many oceans, particularly the northwestern Tropical Pacific (by a factor of 2). The model-satellite phase differences tend to be more homogeneous. The peak in the daily precipitation in the model consistently precedes the observations nearly everywhere. Phase differences are large over Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Saharan Africa, where CCM3 leads TRMM by 4 hours, 5 to 6 hours, and 9 to11 hours respectively. A model sensitivity experiment shows that increasing the convective adjustment time scale in the model's deep convective parameterization reduces its positive amplitude bias over land regions but has no effect on the phase of the diurnal cycle.
Book Synopsis A Description of Rainfall Interception Over Large Areas and on the Estimation of the Fractional Coverage of Rainfall in Climate Models by : Elfatih A. B. Eltahir
Download or read book A Description of Rainfall Interception Over Large Areas and on the Estimation of the Fractional Coverage of Rainfall in Climate Models written by Elfatih A. B. Eltahir and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Model Resolution and Subgrid-Scale Physics on the Simulation of Daily Precipitation in the Continental United States by :
Download or read book Effects of Model Resolution and Subgrid-Scale Physics on the Simulation of Daily Precipitation in the Continental United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze simulations of the global climate performed at a range of spatial resolutions to assess the effects of horizontal spatial resolution on the ability to simulate precipitation in the continental United States. The model investigated is the CCM3 general circulation model. We also preliminarily assess the effect of replacing cloud and convective parameterizations in a coarse-resolution (T42) model with an embedded cloud-system resolving model (CSRM). We examine both spatial patterns of seasonal-mean precipitation and daily-timescale temporal variability of precipitation in the continental United States. For DJF and SON, high-resolution simulations produce spatial patterns of seasonal-mean precipitation that agree more closely with observed precipitation patterns than do results from the same model (CCM3) at coarse resolution. However, in JJA and MAM, there is little improvement in spatial patterns of seasonal-mean precipitation with increasing resolution, particularly in the Southeast. This is owed to the dominance of convective (i.e., parameterized) precipitation in these two seasons. We further find that higher-resolution simulations have more realistic daily precipitation statistics. In particular, the well-known tendency at coarse resolution to have too many days with weak precipitation and not enough intense precipitation is partially eliminated in higher-resolution simulations. However, even at the highest resolution examined here (T239), the simulated intensity of the mean and of high-percentile daily precipitation amounts is too low. This is especially true in the Southeast, where the most extreme events occur. A new GCM, in which a cloud-resolving model (CSRM) is embedded in each grid cell and replaces convective and stratiform cloud parameterizations, solves this problem, and actually produces too much precipitation in the form of extreme events. However, in contrast to high-resolution versions of CCM3, this model produces little improvement in spatial patterns of seasonal-mean precipitation compared to models at the same resolution using traditional parameterizations. Thus, our results suggest that using an embedded ''Cloud Resolving Model'' in a high-resolution GCM might provide the best representation of spatial and temporal variability of mid-latitude continental precipitation.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Nocturnal Convective Precipitation Over the Great Plains Using Reanalysis Data and a WRF-based Regional Climate Model by : Xu Deng
Download or read book Evaluation of Nocturnal Convective Precipitation Over the Great Plains Using Reanalysis Data and a WRF-based Regional Climate Model written by Xu Deng and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study aims to analyze what processes are mainly responsible for nocturnal convective precipitation during the 1991-2000 period for May-June-July over the Great Plains. Firstly, based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) coupled with the NCAR Community Land Model (CLM) and the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) reanalysis data, the simulations of the diurnal cycles of LLJ and the convective precipitation are examined. Then, the LLJ-related moisture transport is evaluated since the moisture supply is critical for the development of the heavy rainfall. Results show that the WRF model fails to simulate the nocturnal peak rainfall shown in the reanalysis data. The failure in simulating nocturnal maximum precipitation is related to the bias occurring in the modeled nighttime moisture flux divergence/convergence, which suggests that the nocturnal peak convective precipitation may the result of the large-scale processes. To further figure out the mechanisms controlling the nighttime convection, based on the composite analysis, three 10-case groups are classified: (a) cases that the WRF cannot simulate the timing of the nocturnal peak convective precipitation; (b) cases that the timing of the nocturnal maximum rainfall can be simulated in the model; (c) cases that the maximum precipitation is shown during the afternoon hours in both the NARR data and the WRF model. The comparisons among the three groups suggest that the suppression of daytime convective precipitation and the favoring of nighttime convective precipitation over the Great Plains is closely related to the diurnal cycle of zonal circulation, which is induced by the mountain-plain baroclinic instability. In addition, during nighttime, the intensified anomalous southerly wind, together with the southward forcing above, may have a positive effect on the maintenance of the mountain-plain circulation.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain by : William Blumen
Download or read book Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain written by William Blumen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of the American Meteorological Society are "the development and dissemination of knowledge of meteorology in all its phases and applications, and the advancement of its professional ideals." The organization of the Society took place in affiliation with the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Saint Louis, Missouri, December 29, 1919, and its incorporation, at Washington, D. C., January 21, 1920. The work of the Society is carried on by the Bulletin, the Journal, and Meteorological Monographs, by papers and discussions at meetings of the Society, through the offices of the Secretary and the Executive Secretary, and by correspondence. All of the Americas are represented in the membership of the Society as well as many foreign countries.
Book Synopsis Interactions between the land surface and rainfall at convective scales by : D B. Clark
Download or read book Interactions between the land surface and rainfall at convective scales written by D B. Clark and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uncertainty of Global Precipitation Datasets and Its Propagation in Hydrological Simulations by : Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan
Download or read book Uncertainty of Global Precipitation Datasets and Its Propagation in Hydrological Simulations written by Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate estimates of precipitation at the global scale are vital for a variety of hydrometeorological applications. Quantification of the error sources along with characterization of the error propagation in hydrological simulations are required for promoting use of satellite and reanalysis precipitation estimates in hydrological applications.In this study we address the remotely-sensed precipitation products uncertainty characterization based ona machine learning tree-based model, Quantile Regression Forests (QRF). We first apply the model to satellitepassive microwave estimates from the TRMM satellite. Reference precipitation was based on high-resolution (5 min/1 km) rainfall fields derived from the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory multi-radar multi-sensor system. The model was evaluated using a K-fold validation experiment using systematic and random error statistics of the model-adjusted TRMM passive microwave rainfall point estimates, and ensemble verification statistics of the corresponding prediction intervals. Then, this framework was utilized to combine dynamic and static land surface variables together with multiple global precipitation sources to stochastically generate improved precipitation ensembles (combined product) over complex terrain. Input to the model included multiple global satellite precipitation products; an atmospheric reanalysis precipitation product; and other auxiliary variables including a daily soil moisture dataset, specific humidity and a terrain elevation dataset. The model performance was demonstrated over three mountainous study areas (Peruvian and Colombian Andes and the Blue Nile in East Africa) based on 13 years (2000-2012) ofreference rainfall data derived from in situ rain gauge networks. Results showed that the proposed blending framework could significantly reduce the error andadequately characterize the uncertainty of the combined product. In the last section of this study we investigate the impact of the combined product in hydrological simulations. The Iberian Peninsula was chosen as the study area, which has precipitation and climate variability due to complex orography influenced by both Atlantic and Mediterranean climates.Comparisons of the precipitation product-driven hydrological simulations by a distributed hydrological model against reference-driven streamflow simulations by the same model showed that the magnitude of systematic and random errors for the combined product was significantly lower than those for the individual precipitation products. Moreover, this blending framework rendered a detailed investigation of the precipitation error propagation into multi-hydrologic model simulations, which was accomplished using four global-scale land surface models (JULES, ORCHIDEE, HTESSEL and SURFEX) and one global hydrologic model (WaterGAP3). Through this analysis we investigated the error characteristics of different precipitation forcing datasets (satellite, reanalysis, and combined product) and their error propagation in different hydrologic variables (surface/subsurface runoff, evapotranspiration).
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309380979 Total Pages :187 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As climate has warmed over recent years, a new pattern of more frequent and more intense weather events has unfolded across the globe. Climate models simulate such changes in extreme events, and some of the reasons for the changes are well understood. Warming increases the likelihood of extremely hot days and nights, favors increased atmospheric moisture that may result in more frequent heavy rainfall and snowfall, and leads to evaporation that can exacerbate droughts. Even with evidence of these broad trends, scientists cautioned in the past that individual weather events couldn't be attributed to climate change. Now, with advances in understanding the climate science behind extreme events and the science of extreme event attribution, such blanket statements may not be accurate. The relatively young science of extreme event attribution seeks to tease out the influence of human-cause climate change from other factors, such as natural sources of variability like El Niño, as contributors to individual extreme events. Event attribution can answer questions about how much climate change influenced the probability or intensity of a specific type of weather event. As event attribution capabilities improve, they could help inform choices about assessing and managing risk, and in guiding climate adaptation strategies. This report examines the current state of science of extreme weather attribution, and identifies ways to move the science forward to improve attribution capabilities.
Book Synopsis Sensitivity of Convective Precipitation Forecasts to Soil Moisture and Vegetation by : Thomas William Collow
Download or read book Sensitivity of Convective Precipitation Forecasts to Soil Moisture and Vegetation written by Thomas William Collow and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land surface properties play a major role in convective precipitation events through impacting the amount of surface evaporation which results in changes to near surface temperature and humidity. This study examines the effects of using soil moisture data from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity Satellite (SMOS) on short term weather forecasts using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). SMOS soil moisture data were compared to in-situ observations and it was found that although they captured the spatial variation in soil moisture, the actual measurements had a dry bias of roughly 0.10 m3/m3. Large differences existed between the in-situ observations, even for probes only a few meters apart. Observations from different sensors within a SMOS footprint differed from each other by a larger amount than they differed from the SMOS retrieval. Removing the mean and normalizing the data brought the in-situ observations into better agreement with each other and with SMOS but they still contained substantial differences. WRF sensitivity experiments demonstrated that changes to initial values of soil moisture resulted in no significant changes in precipitation. However, more of an impact was seen when the vegetation was changed, with barren vegetation yielding a substantial decrease in precipitation. Adding soil moisture resulted in significant changes to 2 m temperature and dewpoint relative to the control runs for each vegetation type. However, it was found that convective available potential energy and moist static energy change little, as the temperature and humidity impacts on these variables cancel each other out, which explain the limited precipitation response. SMOS data resulted in no significant changes in precipitation forecasts but had some impacts on temperature and humidity forecasts. However, because these results were not seen in all cases, no definitive conclusions about the usefulness of SMOS for high resolution numerical modeling can be made at this time. These results provide major implications for future satellite missions such as Soil Moisture Active Passive showing that experiments using true data assimilation methods which give only partial weight to satellite data may also not provide significant improvements to weather forecasts.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Rivers by : F. Martin Ralph
Download or read book Atmospheric Rivers written by F. Martin Ralph and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.
Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.