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Control Of High Level Radioactive Waste Glass Melters Part 5 Modelling Of Complex Redox Effects
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Book Synopsis Control of High Level Radioactive Waste-glass Melters. Part 5, Modelling of Complex Redox Effects by :
Download or read book Control of High Level Radioactive Waste-glass Melters. Part 5, Modelling of Complex Redox Effects written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slurry Fed Melters (SFM) are being developed in the United States, Europe and Japan for the conversion of high-level radioactive waste to borosilicate glass for permanent disposal. The high transition metal, noble metal, nitrate, organic, and sulfate contents of these wastes lead to unique melter redox control requirements. Pilot waste-glass melter operations have indicated the possibility of nickel sulfide or noble-metal fission-product accumulation on melter floors, which can lead to distortion of electric heating patterns, and decrease melter life. Sulfide formation is prevented by control of the redox chemistry of the melter feed. The redox state of waste-glass melters is determined by balance between the reducing potential of organic compounds in the feed, and the oxidizing potential of gases above the melt, and nitrates and polyvalent elements in the waste. Semiquantitative models predicting limitations of organic content have been developed based on crucible testing. Computerized thermodynamic computations are being developed to predict the sequence and products of redox reactions and is assessing process variations. Continuous melter test results have been compared to improved computer staged-thermodynamic-models of redox behavior. Feed chemistry control to prevent sulfide and moderate noble metal accumulations are discussed. 17 refs., 3 figs.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-11 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Control of High Level Radioactive Waste-glass Melters by :
Download or read book Control of High Level Radioactive Waste-glass Melters written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slurry Fed Melters (SFM) are being developed in the United States, Europe and Japan for the conversion of high-level radioactive waste to borosilicate glass for permanent disposal. The high transition metal, noble metal, nitrate, organic, and sulfate contents of these wastes lead to unique melter redox control requirements. Pilot waste-glass melter operations have indicated the possibility of nickel sulfide or noble-metal fission-product accumulation on melter floors, which can lead to distortion of electric heating patterns, and decrease melter life. Sulfide formation is prevented by control of the redox chemistry of the melter feed. The redox state of waste-glass melters is determined by balance between the reducing potential of organic compounds in the feed, and the oxidizing potential of gases above the melt, and nitrates and polyvalent elements in the waste. Semiquantitative models predicting limitations of organic content have been developed based on crucible testing. Computerized thermodynamic computations are being developed to predict the sequence and products of redox reactions and is assessing process variations. Continuous melter test results have been compared to improved computer staged-thermodynamic-models of redox behavior. Feed chemistry control to prevent sulfide and moderate noble metal accumulations are discussed. 17 refs., 3 figs.
Book Synopsis Control of Radioactive Waste-glass Melters by :
Download or read book Control of Radioactive Waste-glass Melters written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slurries of simulated high level radioactive waste and glass formers have been isothermally reacted and analyzed to identify the sequence of the major chemical reactions in waste vitrification, their effect on glass production rate, and the development of leach resistance. Melting rates of waste batches have been increased by the addition of reducing agents (formic acid, sucrose) and nitrates. The rate increases are attributable in part to exothermic reactions which occur at critical stages in the vitrification process. Nitrates must be balanced by adequate reducing agents to avoid the formation of persistent foam, which would destabilize the melting process. The effect of foaming on waste glass production rates is analyzed, and melt rate limitations defined for waste-glass melters, based upon measurable thermophysical properties. Minimum melter residence times required to homogenize glass and assure glass quality are much smaller than those used in current practice. Thus, melter size can be reduced without adversely affecting glass quality. Physical chemistry and localized heat transfer of the waste-glass melting process are examined, to refine the available models for predicting and assuring glass production rate. It is concluded that the size of replacement melters and future waste processing facilities can be significantly decreased if minimum heat transfer requirements for effective melting are met by mechanical agitation. A new class of waste glass melters has been designed, and proof of concept tests completed on simulated High Level Radioactive Waste slurry. Melt rates have exceeded 155 kg m−2 h−1 with slurry feeds (32 lb ft−2 h−1), and 229 kg kg m−2 h−1 with dry feed (47 lb ft−2 h−1). This is about 8 times the melt rate possible in conventional waste- glass melters of the same size. 39 refs., 5 figs., 9 tabs.
Book Synopsis Annual Meeting Abstracts by : American Ceramic Society. Meeting
Download or read book Annual Meeting Abstracts written by American Ceramic Society. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the International Topical Meeting on Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management, Spectrum '96 by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Topical Meeting on Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management, Spectrum '96 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Level Radioactive Waste Management by :
Download or read book High Level Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the International Topical Meeting on Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management, Spectrum ... by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Topical Meeting on Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management, Spectrum ... written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental and Waste Management Issues in the Ceramic Industry II by : Dennis F. Bickford
Download or read book Environmental and Waste Management Issues in the Ceramic Industry II written by Dennis F. Bickford and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents papers from a symposium on environmental and waste management issues in the ceramic industry at the April 1994 meeting. Topics include waste management/environmental solutions using ceramics, modeling and mechanisms of waste form dissolution, properties and characteristics of wastes and was
Book Synopsis Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries IX by : John D. Vienna
Download or read book Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries IX written by John D. Vienna and published by Wiley-American Ceramic Society. This book was released on 2004-01-03 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's world of increasingly stringent environmental regulations, it is critical to identify and adequately address environmental issues in the ceramic industry to ensure success. In addition, ceramics and glasses play a critical role in the nuclear industry. Nuclear fuels and waste forms for low-level and high-level radioactive, mixed, and hazardous wastes are primarily either ceramic of glass. Effective and responsible environmental stewardship is becoming increasingly more important in the world. These proceedings detail the results of the ongoing effort in these areas. Proceedings of the symposium held at the 105th Annual Meeting of The American Ceramic Society, April 27-30, in Nashville, Tennessee; Ceramic Transactions, Volume 155.
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Glass as a Waste Form and Vitrification Technology by : National Research Council
Download or read book Glass as a Waste Form and Vitrification Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-03-02 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Control of Radioactive Waste-glass Melters by :
Download or read book Control of Radioactive Waste-glass Melters written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pilot waste-glass melter operations have indicated a tendency for noble-metal fission-product accumulation on melter floors, which can lead to distortion of electric heating patterns, and decrease melter life. Changes in melter geometry are being considered in Japan, Germany, and the United States to permit draining of the noble metals to reduce their effects. Physical modeling of melter electrical patterns, electrode/waste-glass electrochemistry, and non-linear electrical behavior have been evaluated for typical waste-glass. Major melter design changes should not be necessary for the US Department of Energy's Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). Top electrodes will not be significantly affected. Minor alterations in melter design, monitoring of electrical characteristics, and adjustment of bottom electrode currents can provide protection from shorting if noble metals accumulate. 31 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.
Download or read book Glass Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ceramic Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
