Control Of Cardiac Output

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Control of Cardiac Output

Author : David Young
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615040226
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Control of Cardiac Output by : David Young

Download or read book Control of Cardiac Output written by David Young and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although cardiac output is measured as the flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta, the system that controls cardiac output includes many other components besides the heart itself. The heart’s rate of output cannot exceed the rate of venous return to it, and therefore, the factors governing venous return are primarily responsible for control of output from the heart. Venous return is affected by its pressure gradient and resistance to flow throughout the vascular system. The pressure gradient for venous return is a function of several factors including the blood volume flowing through the system, the unstressed vascular volume of the circulatory system, its capacitance, mean systemic pressure, and right atrial pressure. Resistance to venous return is the sum of total vascular resistance from the aortic valve to the right atrium. The sympathetic nervous system and vasoactive circulating hormones affect short-term resistance, whereas local tissue blood flow autoregulatory mechanisms are the dominant determinants of long-term resistance to venous return. The strength of contraction of the heart responds to changes in atrial pressure driven by changes in venous return, with small changes in atrial pressure eliciting large changes in strength of contraction, as described by the Frank–Starling mechanism. In addition, the autonomic nervous system input to the heart alters myocardial pumping ability in response to cardiovascular challenges. The function of the cardiovascular system is strongly affected by the operation of the renal sodium excretion–body fluid volume–arterial pressure negative feedback system that maintains arterial blood pressure at a controlled value over long periods. The intent of this volume is to integrate the basic knowledge of these cardiovascular system components into an understanding of cardiac output regulation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Venous Return / Cardiac Function / Integrated Analysis of Cardiac Output Control / Analysis of Cardiac Output Regulation by Computer Simulation / Analysis of Cardiac Output Control in Response to Challenges / Conclusion / References / Author Biography

Regulation of Cardiac Contractility

Author : R. John Solaro
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615041753
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of Cardiac Contractility by : R. John Solaro

Download or read book Regulation of Cardiac Contractility written by R. John Solaro and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contractility describes the relative ability of the heart to eject a stroke volume (SV) at a given prevailing afterload (arterial pressure) and preload (end-diastolic volume; EDV). Various measures of contractility are related to the fraction as the SV/EDV or the ejection fraction, and the dynamics of ejection as determined from maximum pressure rise in the ventricles or arteries or from aortic flow velocities determined by echocardiography. At the cellular level, the ultimate determinant of contractility is the relative tension generation and shortening capability of the molecular motors (myosin cross-bridges) of the sarcomeres as determined by the rates and extent of Ca activation, the turnover kinetics of the cross-bridges, and the relative Ca responsiveness of the sarcomeres. Engagement of the regulatory signaling cascades controlling contractility occurs with occupancy and signal transduction by receptors for neurohumors of the autonomic nervous system as well as growth and stress signaling pathways. Contractility is also determined by the prevailing conditions of pH, temperature, and redox state. Short-term control of contractility is fully expressed during exercise. In long-term responses to stresses on the heart, contractility is modified by cellular remodeling and altered signaling that may compensate for a time but which ultimately may fail, leading to disorders.

Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition

Author : Roland N. Pittman
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615047212
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition by : Roland N. Pittman

Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology

Author : J R Levick
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 148318384X
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology by : J R Levick

Download or read book An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology written by J R Levick and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology is designed primarily for students of medicine and physiology. This introductory text is mostly didactic in teaching style and it attempts to show that knowledge of the circulatory system is derived from experimental observations. This book is organized into 15 chapters. The chapters provide a fuller account of microvascular physiology to reflect the explosion of microvascular research and include a discussion of the fundamental function of the cardiovascular system involving the transfer of nutrients from plasma to the tissue. They also cover major advances in cardiovascular physiology including biochemical events underlying Starling's law of the heart, nonadrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmission, the discovery of new vasoactive substances produced by endothelium and the novel concepts on the organization of the central nervous control of the circulation. This book is intended to medicine and physiology students.

Cardiovascular Regulation

Author : David Jordan
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781855780248
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Regulation by : David Jordan

Download or read book Cardiovascular Regulation written by David Jordan and published by Ashgate Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Studies in Physiology series provides a concise introduction to developments in complex areas of physiology for a wide audience. Published on behalf of the Physiology Society, Cardiovascular Regulation provides an up-to-date account of our current understanding of the control of the cardiovascular system that is not covered by existing textbooks. Both students and lecturers of cardiovascular and exercise physiology, medicine, dentistry and biomedical sciences will find this book informative and easy to read. Each chapter has numerous summary boxes. 'Essential reading' suggestions provide additional reading for undergraduates and the suggestions for 'Further reading' cover the subject to postgraduate level.

Perioperative Hemodynamic Monitoring and Goal Directed Therapy

Author : Maxime Cannesson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316061442
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Perioperative Hemodynamic Monitoring and Goal Directed Therapy by : Maxime Cannesson

Download or read book Perioperative Hemodynamic Monitoring and Goal Directed Therapy written by Maxime Cannesson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-04 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides clinicians and administrators with a comprehensive understanding of perioperative hemodynamic monitoring and goal directed therapy, emphasizing practical guidance for implementation at the bedside. Successful hemodynamic monitoring and goal directed therapy require a wide range of skills. This book will enable readers to: • Detail the rationale for using perioperative hemodynamic monitoring systems and for applying goal directed therapy protocols at the bedside • Understand the physiological concepts underlying perioperative goal directed therapy for hemodynamic management • Evaluate hemodynamic monitoring systems in clinical practice • Learn about new techniques for achieving goal directed therapy • Apply goal directed therapy protocols in the perioperative environment (including emergency departments, operating rooms and intensive care units) • Demonstrate clinical utility of GDT and hemodynamic optimization using case presentations. Illustrated with diagrams and case examples, this is an important resource for anesthesiologists, emergency physicians, intensivists and pneumonologists as well as nurses and administrative officers.

Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow

Author : Michitoshi Inoue
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 4431683674
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (316 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow by : Michitoshi Inoue

Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.

Simulation and Imaging of the Cardiac System

Author : S. Sideman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400949928
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Simulation and Imaging of the Cardiac System by : S. Sideman

Download or read book Simulation and Imaging of the Cardiac System written by S. Sideman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultrasound velocity tomography allows measurement of cardiac geometries for various phases in the cardiac cycle. The present tomograph makes reconstruc tions at intervals of 20 ms. Because of a lack of clear (intramural) landmarks (except the roots of the papillairy muscle), it is difficult to pinpoint spatial trajectories of particular points in the heart. Therefore, a second method was developed of injecting radiopaque markers in the heart and following their motion patterns during the cardiac cycle with help of a biplane X-ray equipment. The data obtained with both methods can be implemented in our finite element model of the heart to compute intramural stresses and strains. The results obtained sofar with the extended Darcy equation to account for the interaction of blood rheology and tissue mechanics look promising. Further testing with more sophisticated subjects than mentioned in Figure 9 is required before it will be implemented in our finite element model of the heart. We conclude that analysis of regional cardiac function, including regional myocardial blood flow, requires still a major research effort but the results obtained sofar justify, to our opinion, a continuation in this direction. Acknowledgement The authors acknowledge Dr. C. Borst and coworkers for doing the animal experiments and prof. Van Campen and dr. Grootenboer for their participation is some aspects of this work.

Anatomy and Physiology

Author : J. Gordon Betts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781947172807
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Anatomy and Physiology by : J. Gordon Betts

Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

ABC of Hypertension

Author : D. Gareth Beevers
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405171359
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis ABC of Hypertension by : D. Gareth Beevers

Download or read book ABC of Hypertension written by D. Gareth Beevers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension is a condition which affects millions of peopleworldwide and its treatment greatly reduces the risk of strokes andheart attacks. This fully revised and updated edition of the ABCof Hypertension is an established guide providing all thenon-specialist needs to know about the measurement of bloodpressure and the investigation and management of hypertensivepatients. This new edition provides comprehensively updated andrevised information on how and whom to treat. The ABC of Hypertension will prove invaluable to generalpractitioners who may be screening large numbers of patients forhypertension, as well as nurse practitioners, midwives and otherhealthcare professionals.

Cardiovascular Physiology E-Book

Author : Achilles J. Pappano
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323088260
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Physiology E-Book by : Achilles J. Pappano

Download or read book Cardiovascular Physiology E-Book written by Achilles J. Pappano and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular Physiology gives you a solid understanding of how the cardiovascular system functions in both health and disease. Ideal for your systems-based curriculum, this title in the Mosby Physiology Monograph Series explains how the latest concepts apply to real-life clinical situations. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Get clear, accurate, and up-to-the-minute coverage of the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Master the material easily with objectives at the start of each chapter; self-study questions, summaries, and key words and concepts. Grasp the latest concepts in vascular, molecular, and cellular biology as they apply to cardiovascular function, thanks to molecular commentaries in each chapter. Apply information to clinical situations with the aid of clinical commentaries and highlighted clinical vignettes throughout.

Physics, Pharmacology and Physiology for Anaesthetists

Author : Matthew E. Cross
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107615887
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Physics, Pharmacology and Physiology for Anaesthetists by : Matthew E. Cross

Download or read book Physics, Pharmacology and Physiology for Anaesthetists written by Matthew E. Cross and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-06 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quick reference to basic science for anaesthetists, containing all the key information needed for FRCA exams.

Basic Physiology for Anaesthetists

Author : David Chambers
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108463991
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Basic Physiology for Anaesthetists by : David Chambers

Download or read book Basic Physiology for Anaesthetists written by David Chambers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-25 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Easily understood, up-to-date and clinically relevant, this book provides junior anaesthetists with an essential physiology resource.

Cardiopulmonary Monitoring

Author : Sheldon Magder
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030733874
Total Pages : 952 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiopulmonary Monitoring by : Sheldon Magder

Download or read book Cardiopulmonary Monitoring written by Sheldon Magder and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of the basic physiology of the cardiac and pulmonary systems, tools for cardiopulmonary monitoring, and related issues in the management of specific conditions. The volume is divided into three main parts. The first part examines the functional basis of normal and abnormal physiology, organized into cardiac and pulmonary units and followed by a “combined” interactive component. The next section discusses cardiopulmonary monitoring tools and variables and is also divided into cardiac (e.g, echocardiography, heart rate, cardiac output), pulmonary (e.g, lung volume, pleural pressure, electrical impedance tomography), and combined tools such as radiology/MRI and tissue perfusion tests. The third section concerns the management and application of specific clinical problems such as pulmonary hypertension, cardiac shunts, cardiogenic shock, and ECMO with an emphasis on the physiological basics. /div Cardiopulmonary Monitoring: Basic Physiology, Tools, and Bedside Management for the Critically Ill is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, medical students, and researchers in cardiology, critical care, emergency medicine, anesthesiology, and radiology.

Exercise Cardiopulmonary Function in Cardiac Patients

Author : Michael S. Sagiv
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447128885
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Exercise Cardiopulmonary Function in Cardiac Patients by : Michael S. Sagiv

Download or read book Exercise Cardiopulmonary Function in Cardiac Patients written by Michael S. Sagiv and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-08 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The textbook will describe the relationship between human cardiopulmonary system and exercise in a format that is related to the mode of exercise, health status and aging. It will include data regarding exercise training principles and the adaptations of the cardiopulmonary following: anaerobic, resistance and aerobic training. A more in-depth presentation of the cardiopulmonary system adaptations in pressing environments such as: warm, cold and altitude. Therefore, students will experience a depth and extent of content balanced with unique and effective learning features: It will help students find the way by both the text and subject matter. Knowing cardiopulmonary exercise function in health and disease will allow understand new research and findings relevant to cardiovascular status as assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise indices. It will bring together investigational exercise physiologists, cardiologists and scientists who share a wealth of experience needed to judge the cardiovascular status and function, and the impairments of patients with a variety of cardiac dysfunction. This book will provide a comprehensive, updated presentation of the information of the cardiovascular system as a whole, and its individual components.

Essential Clinical Anesthesia Review

Author : Linda S. Aglio
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316062287
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Essential Clinical Anesthesia Review by : Linda S. Aglio

Download or read book Essential Clinical Anesthesia Review written by Linda S. Aglio and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-08 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise, evidence-based board review book, organized according to the ABA keyword list, covers all the fundamental concepts needed to pass written and re-certification board examinations. Each chapter begins with a case scenario or clinical problem from everyday practice, followed by concise discussion and clinical review questions and answers. Discussion progresses logically from preoperative assessment and intraoperative management to postoperative pain management, enhancing the reader's knowledge and honing diagnostic and clinical management skills. New guidelines and recently developed standards of care are also covered. Serving as a companion to the popular textbook Essential Clinical Anesthesia, this resourceful work reflects the clinical experiences of anesthesia experts at Harvard Medical School as well as individually known national experts in the field of anesthesiology. This practical review is an invaluable resource for anesthesiologists in training and practice, whether studying for board exams or as part of continuing education and ABA recertification.

Core Topics in Cardiac Anesthesia

Author : Jonathan H. Mackay
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521196857
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (968 download)

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Book Synopsis Core Topics in Cardiac Anesthesia by : Jonathan H. Mackay

Download or read book Core Topics in Cardiac Anesthesia written by Jonathan H. Mackay and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the first edition of Core Topics in Cardiac Anaesthesia, the clinical landscape has undergone significant change. Recent developments include the increased use of electrophysiology, the resurgence of primary percutaneous intervention in acute coronary syndromes, the use of percutaneous devices in patients previously considered inoperable, and the withdrawal of aprotinin. Against this landscape, this invaluable resource has been fully updated. New chapters are dedicated to right heart valves, pulmonary vascular disease, cardiac tumours and cardiac trauma. All other chapters have been updated according to the latest international guidelines. Written and edited by an international author team with a wealth of expertise in all aspects of the perioperative care of cardiac patients, topics are presented in an easy to digest and a readily accessible manner. Core Topics in Cardiac Anaesthesia, Second Edition is essential reading for residents and fellows in anaesthesia and cardiac surgery and clinical perfusionists.