Contribution à l'aide au choix des méthodes d'intégration de la subjectivité de l'usager en conception de produits

Download Contribution à l'aide au choix des méthodes d'intégration de la subjectivité de l'usager en conception de produits PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (758 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Contribution à l'aide au choix des méthodes d'intégration de la subjectivité de l'usager en conception de produits by :

Download or read book Contribution à l'aide au choix des méthodes d'intégration de la subjectivité de l'usager en conception de produits written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Un usager qui interagit avec un produit a un ressenti subjectif émotionnel, sémantique et perceptuel. De nombreuses méthodes pour intégrer ces ressentis dans la conception de produits existent. Des études bibliographiques et auprès de concepteurs montrent que ces méthodes ont un langage pluridisciplinaire qui rend difficile la connaissance du ressenti que chaque méthode intègre et le choix d'une de ces méthodes en conception. Pour assister ce choix, des outils tels la méthode du Projet Engage existent. Une simulation de l'utilisation de la méthode Engage montre des difficultés dans le choix d'une méthode d'intégration : identifier ce qui est intégré par une méthode d'intégration, définir les informations d'entrée/sortie, comprendre les taxinomies de ces méthodes et déterminer dans quelle étape du processus de conception les résultats d'une de ces méthodes peuvent s'utiliser (actionnabilité). La méthode MIIS est alors proposée pour définir et expliciter les informations d'entrée/sortie des méthodes d'intégration. Une taxinomie de ces méthodes est aussi proposée. Enfin, des paramètres d'actionnabilité sont évalués pour savoir en quoi ils aident au choix des méthodes. Ces propositions ont été expérimentées et discutées. La méthode MIIS est adaptée pour identifier les entrées/sorties des méthodes d'évaluation des ressentis, mais est moins performante pour des méthodes d'exploration des ressentis en amont du processus. Les caractéristiques de la taxonomie sont dépendantes du critère de classification ce qui est une difficulté potentielle. Les critères d'actionnabilité des méthodes d'intégration ne semblent pas aider au choix de ces méthodes. Il est également montré expérimentalement que les trois propositions ensemble aident effectivement au choix de ces méthodes en conception. Des perspectives sont ouvertes, portant sur les méthodes permettant de définir la taxinomie et de revoir ce qu'est l'actionnabilité d'une méthode en conception.

Contribution à l'amélioration du processus de conception des produits innovants

Download Contribution à l'amélioration du processus de conception des produits innovants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (921 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Contribution à l'amélioration du processus de conception des produits innovants by : Yacine Benabid

Download or read book Contribution à l'amélioration du processus de conception des produits innovants written by Yacine Benabid and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'optimisation des processus de conception est une activité de recherche en pleine évolution, soulignée dans de nombreuses références et pratiques des entreprises dans l'objectif l'amélioration et le développement de produits nouveaux. Notre démarche s'inscrit dans la continuité de ces activités qui prend comme point de départ la diversité des processus de conception existants et la difficulté de réaliser un choix où une adaptation. D'ou notre problématique est résumée autour d'une question centrale que nous formulons de la manière suivante : comment optimiser le choix d'un processus de conception soumis à un environnement contraint ? La réponse à cette question est à travers la proposition d'un outil d'aide au choix qui converge vers l'installation d'un processus de conception. Cet outil est tridimensionnel, où la première dimension vise la préparation de la phase amont de conception, la deuxième dimension sélectionne un processus de conception sur une carte de classement et l'objectif de la troisième dimension est l'identification des métiers, outils et méthodes pour le développement des produits. La partie expérimentale de notre travail nous a conduit à valider l'outil développer et proposer comment l'exploiter par des concepteurs. L'optimisation est réalisée dans notre travail par la proposition de l'outil tridimensionnel d'un coté et de l'autre par l'exploitation des algorithmes d'optimisation pour la modélisation de l'outil. Des nouvelles pistes de recherche pour l'amélioration sont identifiées et proposées pour des futurs travaux.

Intégration de la maturité des connaissances dans la prise de décision en conception mécanique

Download Intégration de la maturité des connaissances dans la prise de décision en conception mécanique PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (936 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Intégration de la maturité des connaissances dans la prise de décision en conception mécanique by : Mehdi El amine

Download or read book Intégration de la maturité des connaissances dans la prise de décision en conception mécanique written by Mehdi El amine and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La réussite du développement des produits industriels a un enjeu économique considérable pour l'entreprise. Les décisions sur les concepts et sur l'architecture du produit ont un impact considérable sur le coût global du cycle de vie du produit. Les industriels sont alors de plus en plus encouragés à adopter des méthodes permettant de rationaliser les décisions de conception. Ces méthodes doivent être en adéquation avec le niveau de connaissance acquis sur les alternatives de conception, la nature des décisions à prendre et les outils d'évaluation disponibles. Ainsi, deux méthodes d'aide à la décision ont été développées dans cette thèse en fonction de la phase de conception étudiée.Une première méthode est proposée pour la phase amont de conception dans laquelle l'objectif de l'entreprise est de réduire le nombre de concepts proposés initialement pour concentrer ses efforts et ses ressources sur les concepts les plus prometteurs. Durant cette phase, les produits sont définis d'une manière très imprécise. Les concepteurs doivent alors faire beaucoup d'hypothèses lorsqu'ils proposent des modèles de comportement destinés à évaluer les concepts. Ces modèles, qui expriment une connaissance de nature explicite, sont insuffisants pour faire des choix de concepts. Pour remédier à cette difficulté, nous nous orientons dans notre étude vers la connaissance implicite (ou subjective), obtenue au travers de l'expérience et du savoir-faire acquis par les concepteurs. Afin d'intégrer cette connaissance dans la prise de décision, elle est d'abord formalisée au travers d'outils comme les fonctions de préférence. La méthode globale d'aide à la décision proposé permet de combiner à la fois cette connaissance implicite et la connaissance explicite (représentée par les modèles de comportement) pour évaluer chaque concept en termes d'aptitude à respecter les exigences minimales de validation et du niveau d'adéquation avec les objectifs de conception. Les objectifs et préférences des décideurs sont, quant à eux, structurés et formalisés au travers du modèle OIA (Observation-Interprétation-Agrégation) développé auparavant dans le laboratoire I2M-IMC.Une deuxième méthode a été proposée pour la phase aval de conception qui a pour objectif de fixer les paramètres du produit final (choix des matériaux, dimensions, etc.) après que le concept ait été choisi. Durant cette phase, le produit est défini d'une manière plus précise et les modèles de comportement sont plus représentatifs des phénomènes physiques pertinents du concept étudié. Ces modèles restent cependant basés sur des hypothèses qui conduisent parfois à une remise en question de leur exactitude, surtout pour certains paramètres de conception. Fixer les paramètres du produit en se basant uniquement sur ces modèles de comportement nécessite la prise en compte de leur niveau exactitude. Nous avons donc développé un indicateur d'exactitude de ces modèles qui intègre, d'une part, une évaluation objective qui est la mesure d'écart entre le modèle et un comportement de référence (supposé exact) et, d'autre part, sur une évaluation subjectif qui se base sur la mesure de distance avec la solution de référence (solution prototypée) et sur des fonctions de confiances établies par les concepteurs. La combinaison d'une évaluation objective et subjective de l'exactitude permet d'obtenir à la fin un indicateur général d'exactitude capable de couvrir l'intégralité de l'espace de conception. L'indicateur ainsi obtenu est utilisé dans une méthode d'aide à la décision qui qualifie chaque solution candidate en terme de risque engendré par les l'exactitude des modèles et de degré de satisfaction des objectifs de conception (en se basant la modèle OIA).

The Power of Psychiatry

Download The Power of Psychiatry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9780745602356
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Power of Psychiatry by : Peter Miller (Ph. D.)

Download or read book The Power of Psychiatry written by Peter Miller (Ph. D.) and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1986-01 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Contemporary Criminological Issues

Download Contemporary Criminological Issues PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Ottawa Press
ISBN 13 : 0776628720
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (766 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Contemporary Criminological Issues by : Carolyn Côté-Lussier

Download or read book Contemporary Criminological Issues written by Carolyn Côté-Lussier and published by University of Ottawa Press. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary Criminological Issues tackles some of today’s most pressing social issues, from the criminalization of Indigenous peoples to interpersonal violence, border control, and armed conflicts. This book advances cutting-edge theories and methods, with the aim of moving beyond the scholarship that reproduces insecurity and exclusion. The breadth of approaches encompasses much of the current critical criminological scholarship, serving as a counterpoint to the growth of managerial and administrative criminologies and the rise of explicitly exclusionary and punitive state policies and practices with respect to ‘crime’ and ‘security.’ This edited collection featuring two books, one in English and one in French, includes important contributions to knowledge and public policy by eminent experts and emerging scholars. This book is published in English.

Intercultural Competence

Download Intercultural Competence PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Council of Europe
ISBN 13 : 9789287151704
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (517 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Intercultural Competence by : Gerhard Neuner

Download or read book Intercultural Competence written by Gerhard Neuner and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Social Bonds as Freedom

Download Social Bonds as Freedom PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1782386947
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (823 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Social Bonds as Freedom by : Paul Dumouchel

Download or read book Social Bonds as Freedom written by Paul Dumouchel and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2015-08-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central to discussions of multiculturalism and minority rights in modern liberal societies is the idea that the particular demands of minority groups contradict the requirements of equality, anonymity, and universality for citizenship and belonging. The contributors to this volume question the significance of this dichotomy between the universal and the particular, arguing that it reflects how the modern state has instituted the basic rights and obligations of its members and that these institutions are undergoing fundamental transformations under the pressure of globalization. They show that the social bonds uniting groups constitute the means of our freedom, rather than obstacles to achieving the universal.

GIS Diffusion

Download GIS Diffusion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780748404940
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (49 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis GIS Diffusion by : I. Masser

Download or read book GIS Diffusion written by I. Masser and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-03-25 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third book in the GISDATA series focuses on the widespread use of geographical information systems GIS in European local government. The editors include a wide range of applications carried out by different professional groups, and offer the opportunity of studying the extent to which diffusion of innovations like GIS are sensitive to national issues such as cultural context, institutional setup and the availability of data.; The book answers key questions such as: what can be learnt from research on organizational behaviour in relation to technological innovation?; what are the classical features of the GIS diffusion process?; to what extent is the adoption and utilization of GIS facilitated - or impeded - by the organizational culture within which it takes place?; and what mechanisms can be applied to enhance the diffusion of GIS? The book covers aspects of diffusion in the following European countries: UK, France, Italy, Poland, Denmark, The Netherlands, Germany, Greece and Portugal.

Cognition in Practice

Download Cognition in Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521357340
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (573 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cognition in Practice by : Jean Lave

Download or read book Cognition in Practice written by Jean Lave and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988-07-29 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most previous research on human cognition has focused on problem-solving, and has confined its investigations to the laboratory. As a result, it has been difficult to account for complex mental processes and their place in culture and history. In this startling - indeed, disco in forting - study, Jean Lave moves the analysis of one particular form of cognitive activity, - arithmetic problem-solving - out of the laboratory into the domain of everyday life. In so doing, she shows how mathematics in the 'real world', like all thinking, is shaped by the dynamic encounter between the culturally endowed mind and its total context, a subtle interaction that shapes 1) Both tile human subject and the world within which it acts. The study is focused on mundane daily, activities, such as grocery shopping for 'best buys' in the supermarket, dieting, and so on. Innovative in its method, fascinating in its findings, the research is above all significant in its theoretical contributions. Have offers a cogent critique of conventional cognitive theory, turning for an alternative to recent social theory, and weaving a compelling synthesis from elements of culture theory, theories of practice, and Marxist discourse. The result is a new way of understanding human thought processes, a vision of cognition as the dialectic between persons-acting, and the settings in which their activity is constituted. The book will appeal to anthropologists, for its novel theory of the relation of cognition to culture and context; to cognitive scientists and educational theorists; and to the 'plain folks' who form its subject, and who will recognize themselves in it, a rare accomplishment in the modern social sciences.

Handbook for Integrating Risk Analysis in the Economic Analysis of Projects

Download Handbook for Integrating Risk Analysis in the Economic Analysis of Projects PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook for Integrating Risk Analysis in the Economic Analysis of Projects by : Asian Development Bank

Download or read book Handbook for Integrating Risk Analysis in the Economic Analysis of Projects written by Asian Development Bank and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aiming to support the development of a framework for the analysis of risk in project design and economic analysis, this handbook outlines technical approaches to modeling risk. Also summarized is the nature and practice of sensitivity analysis in dealing with uncertain outcomes as well as the principles to consider in typical risk analysis situations sector by sector. Case studies are included to demonstrate the application of quantitative risk analysis using actual Asian Development Bank projects to help improve project design and quality. Handbook users will learn to identify factors that are the key determinants of project outcomes, determine the likelihood of an individual project's returns being unacceptable, and design measures to mitigate the risks arising from the identified key factors.

Algerian Sketches

Download Algerian Sketches PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Polity
ISBN 13 : 0745646956
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Algerian Sketches by : Pierre Bourdieu

Download or read book Algerian Sketches written by Pierre Bourdieu and published by Polity. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1950s, like tens of thousands of young men of his generation, Pierre Bourdieu, having recently passed the agrégation in philosophy, found himself immersed in the Algerian war. Motivated by an impulse that, as he himself says, ‘was civic rather than political’, nothing seemed more important to him than to understand the Algerian situation and provide the elements that would enable others to come to an informed judgement about it. In extremely tough conditions and along with a small group of students, Bourdieu undertook a series of studies across an Algeria that was tightly patrolled by the army, leading him to discover the shocking reality of the resettlement camps and to analyse the mechanisms of destruction of Algerian society of which they were emblematic. To achieve the objectives he had set himself, Bourdieu had to carry out a genuine intellectual conversion, acquiring an ethnographic understanding of Algerian society, learning sociological analysis at a breakneck pace and inventing new instruments - both theoretical and empirical - that would enable him to understand the relations of domination specific to colonialism. These new tools also enabled him to analyse the nature of the crisis that the war had both produced and manifested. This unique volume brings together the first texts written by Bourdieu in the midst of the Algerian conflict, as well as later writings and interviews in which he returns to the topic of Algeria and the decisive role it played in the development of his work.

Plans and Situated Actions

Download Plans and Situated Actions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521337397
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (373 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plans and Situated Actions by : Lucille Alice Suchman

Download or read book Plans and Situated Actions written by Lucille Alice Suchman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-11-26 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compelling case for the re-examination of interface design models is presented by this text's assertion that human behavior is not taken into account in the planning model generally favored by artificial intelligence.

Sacred Space

Download Sacred Space PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sacred Space by : Augustin Ioan

Download or read book Sacred Space written by Augustin Ioan and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Understanding Computers and Cognition

Download Understanding Computers and Cognition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN 13 : 9780201112979
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (129 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding Computers and Cognition by : Terry Winograd

Download or read book Understanding Computers and Cognition written by Terry Winograd and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 1987 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Computers and Cognition presents an important and controversial new approach to understanding what computers do and how their functioning is related to human language, thought, and action. While it is a book about computers, Understanding Computers and Cognition goes beyond the specific issues of what computers can or can't do. It is a broad-ranging discussion exploring the background of understanding in which the discourse about computers and technology takes place. Understanding Computers and Cognition is written for a wide audience, not just those professionals involved in computer design or artificial intelligence. It represents an important contribution to the ongoing discussion about what it means to be a machine, and what it means to be human. Book jacket.

Models of Thought

Download Models of Thought PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300024326
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (243 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Models of Thought by : Herbert Alexander Simon

Download or read book Models of Thought written by Herbert Alexander Simon and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1979-01-01 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nobel Laureate Herbert A. Simon has in the past quarter century been in the front line of the information-processing revolution; in fact, to a remarkable extent his and his colleagues' contributions have written the history of that revolution in cognitive psychology. Research in this burgeoning new branch of knowledge seeks to describe with precision the workings of the human mind in terms of a small number of basic mechanisms organized into strategies. Newly developed computer languages express theories of mental processes, so that computers can then simulate the predicted human behavior. This book brings together papers dating from the start of Simon's career to the present. Its focus is on modeling the chief components of human cognition and on testing these models experimentally. After considering basic structural elements of the human information-processing system (especially search, selective attention, and storage in memory), Simon builds from these components a system capable of solving problems, inducing rules and concepts, perceiving, and understanding. These essays describe a relatively austere, simple, and unified processing system capable of highly complex and various tasks. They provide strong evidence for an explanation of human thinking in terms of basic information processes.

Community Psychology

Download Community Psychology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780333922828
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (228 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Community Psychology by : Geoffrey Nelson

Download or read book Community Psychology written by Geoffrey Nelson and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2005-01-15 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first up-to-date text written specifically for the international market on psychology in the community. Community Psychology covers the history and foundations of the field, key concepts and values, community research, community action, and the application of psychology in various settings, integrating the values/politics and scientific/research aspects of community work. Written by experienced authors in the field, this text will be internationally invaluable.

The Social Structures of the Economy

Download The Social Structures of the Economy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745681654
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Social Structures of the Economy by : Pierre Bourdieu

Download or read book The Social Structures of the Economy written by Pierre Bourdieu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-10 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much orthodox economic theory is based on assumptions which are treated as self-evident: supply and demand are regarded as independent entities, the individual is assumed to be a rational agent who knows his interests and how to make decisions corresponding to them, and so on. But one has only to examine an economic transaction closely, as Pierre Bourdieu does here for the buying and selling of houses, to see that these abstract assumptions cannot explain what happens in reality. As Bourdieu shows, the market is constructed by the state, which can decide, for example, whether to promote private housing or collective provision. And the individuals involved in the transaction are immersed in symbolic constructions which constitute, in a strong sense, the value of houses, neighbourhoods and towns. The abstract and illusory nature of the assumptions of orthodox economic theory has been criticised by some economists, but Bourdieu argues that we must go further. Supply, demand, the market and even the buyer and seller are products of a process of social construction, and so-called ‘economic' processes can be adequately described only by calling on sociological methods. Instead of seeing the two disciplines in antagonistic terms, it is time to recognize that sociology and economics are in fact part of a single discipline, the object of which is the analysis of social facts, of which economic transactions are in the end merely one aspect. This brilliant study by the most original sociologist of post-war France will be essential reading for students and scholars of sociology, economics, anthropology and related disciplines.