Contracting Out To Private Military And Security Companies

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Contracting Out to Private Military and Security Companies

Author : Nikolaos Tzifakis
Publisher : Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies
ISBN 13 : 2930632186
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Contracting Out to Private Military and Security Companies by : Nikolaos Tzifakis

Download or read book Contracting Out to Private Military and Security Companies written by Nikolaos Tzifakis and published by Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies. This book was released on 2012-04-29 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PDF can be downloaded for free from: http://martenscentre.eu/publications/contracting-out-private-military-and-security-companies The global trend for contracting out the supply of military and security services is growing. Security is being transformed from a service for the public or common good into a privately provided service. This paper argues that the implications of outsourcing security services to private agencies are neither a positive nor negative phenomenon. However, proper regulation of private military and security services is important. The author recommends that states should determine their 'inherently governmental functions' and keep these functions out of the market's reach.

Private Security, Public Order

Author : Simon Chesterman
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191610275
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Security, Public Order by : Simon Chesterman

Download or read book Private Security, Public Order written by Simon Chesterman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-11-05 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private actors are increasingly taking on roles traditionally arrogated to the state. Both in the industrialized North and the developing South, functions essential to external and internal security and to the satisfaction of basic human needs are routinely contracted out to non-state agents. In the area of privatization of security functions, attention by academics and policy makers tends to focus on the activities of private military and security companies, especially in the context of armed conflicts, and their impact on human rights and post-conflict stability and reconstruction. The first edited volume emerging from New York University School of Law's Institute for International Justice project on private military and security companies, From Mercenaries to Market: The Rise and Regulation of Private Military Companies broadened this debate to situate the private military phenomenon in the context of moves towards the regulation of activities through market and non-market mechanisms. Where that first volume looked at the emerging market for use of force, this second volume looks at the transformations in the nature of state authority. Drawing on insights from work on privatization, regulation, and accountability in the emerging field of global administrative law, the book examines private military and security companies through the wider lens of private actors performing public functions. In the past two decades, the responsibilities delegated to such actors - especially but not only in the United States - have grown exponentially. The central question of this volume is whether there should be any limits on government capacity to outsource traditionally "public" functions. Can and should a government put out to private tender the fulfilment of military, intelligence, and prison services? Can and should it transfer control of utilities essential to life, such as the supply of water? This discussion incorporates numerous perspectives on regulatory and governance issues in the private provision of public functions, but focuses primarily on private actors offering services that impact the fundamental rights of the affected population.

Outsourcing Security

Author : Bruce E. Stanley
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 1612347606
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis Outsourcing Security by : Bruce E. Stanley

Download or read book Outsourcing Security written by Bruce E. Stanley and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Faced with a decreasing supply of national troops, dwindling defense budgets, and the ever-rising demand for boots on the ground in global conflicts and humanitarian emergencies, decision makers are left with little choice but to legalize and legitimize the use of private military contractors (PMCs). Outsourcing Security examines the impact that bureaucratic controls and the increasing permissiveness of security environments have had on the U.S. military's growing use of PMCs during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Bruce E. Stanley examines the relationship between the rise of the private security industry and five potential explanatory variables tied to supply-and-demand theory in six historical cases, including Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the U.S. intervention in Bosnia in 1995, and Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. Outsourcing Security is the only work that moves beyond a descriptive account of the rise of PMCs to lay out a precise theory explaining the phenomenon and providing a framework for those considering PMCs in future global interaction.

UN Use of Private Military and Security Companies

Author : Åse Gilje Østensen
Publisher : Ubiquity Press
ISBN 13 : 1911529307
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis UN Use of Private Military and Security Companies by : Åse Gilje Østensen

Download or read book UN Use of Private Military and Security Companies written by Åse Gilje Østensen and published by Ubiquity Press. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although subject to little discussion, the UN has increasingly paid private military and security companies (PMSCs) for a range of services in the areas of humanitarian affairs, peacebuilding and development. However, this practice has rarely translated into coherent policies or guidelines that could guide the UN in setting standards or ensuring responsible contracting procedures. This paper explores UN demand for PMSCs and identifies the need for a more proactive, sensitive and deliberate political approach in order to avoid potential pitfalls associated with involving PMSCs in the delivery of UN tasks.

Outsorcing of Security to private Military Contractors: State Responsibilities

Author : Nicholas Sunday
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3656377529
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (563 download)

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Book Synopsis Outsorcing of Security to private Military Contractors: State Responsibilities by : Nicholas Sunday

Download or read book Outsorcing of Security to private Military Contractors: State Responsibilities written by Nicholas Sunday and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2012 in the subject Law - Miscellaneous, grade: A, , course: LLM INTERNATIONAL LAW, language: English, abstract: The monopoly of the use of force granted to modern States by its citizens is a relatively new phenomenon. Private armies have been operating in European States till the XIX century. The use of mercenaries has been historically a constant phenomenon till almost the end of the XX century, when their activities were criminalized by the international community. Parallel to that phenomenon during the European colonial expansion over all continents, governments had authorized two other forms of similar violence by non-state actors: the corsairs and the colonial merchant companies.

Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability

Author : George Andreopoulos
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000022536
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability by : George Andreopoulos

Download or read book Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability written by George Andreopoulos and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-18 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) have constituted a perennial feature of the security landscape. Yet, it is their involvement in and conduct during the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan that have transformed the outsourcing of security services into such a pressing public policy and world-order issue. The PMSCs’ ubiquitous presence in armed conflict situations, as well as in post-conflict reconstruction, their diverse list of clients (governments in the developed and developing world, non-state armed groups, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, and international corporations) and, in the context of armed conflict situations, involvement in instances of gross misconduct, have raised serious accountability issues. The prominence of PMSCs in conflict zones has generated critical questions concerning the very concept of security and the role of private force, a rethinking of "essential governmental functions," a rearticulation of the distinction between public/private and global/local in the context of the creation of new forms of "security governance," and a consideration of the relevance, as well as limitations, of existing regulatory frameworks that include domestic and international law (in particular international human rights law and international humanitarian law). This book critically examines the growing role of PMSCs in conflict and post-conflict situations, as part of a broader trend towards the outsourcing of security functions. Particular emphasis is placed on key moral, legal, and political considerations involved in the privatization of such functions, on the impact of outsourcing on security governance, and on the main challenges confronting efforts to hold PMSCs accountable through a combination of formal and informal, domestic as well as international, regulatory mechanisms and processes. It will be of interest to scholars, policymakers, practitioners and advocates for a more transparent and humane security order. This book was published as a special issue of Criminal Justice Ethics.

Public War, Private Fight? The United States and Private Military Companies

Author : Deborah C. Kidwell
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1257122355
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (571 download)

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Book Synopsis Public War, Private Fight? The United States and Private Military Companies by : Deborah C. Kidwell

Download or read book Public War, Private Fight? The United States and Private Military Companies written by Deborah C. Kidwell and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2011-03-25 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The United States has long utilized private military contractors to augment regular military forces in support of its national foreign policy and security needs. Commonly referred to as Private Military Companies (PMCs), contractors employ and manage civilian personnel from the private sector in areas of active military operations. Frequently, regular troops become dependent on the services contractors provide a situation that may negatively impact military effectiveness. Since 1991, contractor support on and off the battlefield has become increasingly more visible, varied, and commonplace. Given the current manpower and resource limitations of the national military, the US will likely continue its extensive use of PMCs in support of military operations. This work addresses historical precedents and trends in American logistics, the current scope of contractor involvement in support of regular military forces, and the challenges posed as traditional military institutions integrate increasing numbers of civilian workers and privately owned assets into the battlespace. These problems increase the risk to US personnel and can induce budget overruns rather than savings, disrupt civil-military relations, and have detrimental consequences for the American economy and society. The work concludes by proposing a useful rubric to evaluate this new American way of war. This work considers PMCs and their interdependence with regular and reserve military units in a broad sense. It derives from unclassified material widely available; understandably, these sources limit the analysis. Lessons learned from the Operation IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF) and Operation ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF) theaters may alter findings. However, this study endeavors to frame the continuing dialog concerning the appropriate use of PMCs to support regular troops."--Abstract from DTIC web site.

Department of Defense¿s Use of Private Security Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan

Author : Moshe Schwartz
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437923666
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Department of Defense¿s Use of Private Security Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan by : Moshe Schwartz

Download or read book Department of Defense¿s Use of Private Security Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan written by Moshe Schwartz and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) Background: Services Provided by Private Security Contractors (PSC); Number and Profile of PSCs Working in Iraq and Afghanistan; Congressional Focus on PSCs; (3) Private Security Co. Working for the U.S. Gov¿t.: Why the U.S. Gov¿t. Uses PSCs; DoD PSCs; Iraq; Afghanistan; Can the Use of PSCs Undermine U.S. Efforts?; DoD Mgmt. and Oversight of PSCs; (4) Options for Congress: Define the Role that Private Security Contractors Can Play in Support of Mil. Operations in Unsecure Environments; Prohibit armed security contractors from being deployed in combat zones; Restrict armed security contractors to performing static security; Restrict armed security contractors to static security, with an exception for local nationals.

Private Military and Security Contractors

Author : Gary Schaub, Jr.
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442260238
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Military and Security Contractors by : Gary Schaub, Jr.

Download or read book Private Military and Security Contractors written by Gary Schaub, Jr. and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Private Military and Security Contractors (PMSCs) a multinational team of scholars and experts address a developing phenomenon: controlling the use of privatized force by states in international politics. Robust analyses of the evolving, multi-layered tapestry of formal and informal mechanisms of control address the microfoundations of the market, such as the social and role identities of contract employees, their acceptance by military personnel, and potential tensions between them. The extent and willingness of key states—South Africa, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Israel—to monitor and enforce discipline to structure their contractual relations with PMSCs on land and at sea is examined, as is the ability of the industry to regulate itself. Also discussed is the nascent international legal regime to reinforce state and industry efforts to encourage effective practices, punish inappropriate behavior, and shape the market to minimize the hazards of loosening states’ oligopolistic control over the means of legitimate organized violence. The volume presents a theoretically-informed synthesis of micro- and macro-levels of analysis, offering new insights into the challenges of controlling the agents of organized violence used by states for scholars and practitioners alike.

The Routledge Research Companion to Security Outsourcing

Author : Joakim Berndtsson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317042212
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Research Companion to Security Outsourcing by : Joakim Berndtsson

Download or read book The Routledge Research Companion to Security Outsourcing written by Joakim Berndtsson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conveniently structured into five sections, The Routledge Research Companion to Outsourcing Security offers an overview of the different ways in which states have come to rely on private contractors to support interventions. Part One puts into context the evolution of outsourcing in Western states that are actively involved in expeditionary operations as well as the rise of the commercial security sector in Afghanistan. To explain the various theoretical frameworks that students can use to study security/military outsourcing, Part Two outlines the theories behind security outsourcing. Part Three examines the law and ethics surrounding the outsourcing of security by focusing on how states might monitor contractor behaviour, hold them to account and prosecute them where their behaviour warrants such action. The drivers, politics and consequences of outsourcing foreign policy are covered in Part Four, which is divided into two sections: section one is concerned with armed contractors (providing the provision of private security with the main driver being a capability gap on the part of the military/law enforcement agencies), and section two looks at military contractors (supporting military operations right back to antiquity, less controversial politically and often technologically driven). The final Part takes into consideration emerging perspectives, exploring areas such as gender, feminist methodology, maritime security and the impact of private security on the military profession. This book will be of much interest to students of military and security studies, foreign policy and International Relations.

Private Security Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan

Author : Jennifer K. Elsea
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437927068
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Security Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan by : Jennifer K. Elsea

Download or read book Private Security Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan written by Jennifer K. Elsea and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of private security contractors (PSCs) to protect personnel and property in Iraq and Afghanistan has been a subject of debate. While PSCs are viewed as being vital to U.S. efforts in the region, many are concerned about transparency, accountability, and legal issues raised by the use of armed civilians to perform security tasks formerly performed by the mil. Contents of this report: Legal Status and Authorities: (a) Internat. Law: Can Contractors be Combatants?; Are They Mercenaries?; (b) Iraqi Law, and Afghan Law, and Status of U.S. Forces; (c) U.S. Law; ¿Inherently Gov¿t. Functions¿ and Other Restrictions on Gov¿t. Contracts; Prosecution of Contractor Personnel in U.S. Fed. or Mil. Courts; Uniform Code of Mil. Justice.

Outsourcing the Global War on Terrorism

Author : G. Lovewine
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137370262
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)

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Book Synopsis Outsourcing the Global War on Terrorism by : G. Lovewine

Download or read book Outsourcing the Global War on Terrorism written by G. Lovewine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-04-09 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US military strategy in Iraq and Afghanistan made use of private military and private security companies on an unprecedented scale. In this environment, actions and operations can greatly affect the efficacy of the US military - creating unintended diplomatic and tactical consequences.

War as Business

Author : Armin Krishnan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317000498
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis War as Business by : Armin Krishnan

Download or read book War as Business written by Armin Krishnan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The privatization of defence assets and the outsourcing of military services from the armed forces to the private sector is an increasing trend. This book approaches the issue of military privatization by linking it to the transformation of the defence industries since the early 1990s, and shows the extent to which many military functions and activities, ranging from military research to military consulting/training to operational support services, have already been outsourced in the US and in Europe. This detailed study provides new and updated information on the ongoing privatization of the defence sector and offers an original theoretical explanation as to why the most modern armed forces throughout the world have come increasingly to rely on private companies for nearly everything they do. Contributing to a better understanding of military privatization and its close connection to technological change, the book explains the complexity of the whole phenomenon and discusses its implications for national and international security.

The Markets for Force

Author : Molly Dunigan
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812291433
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis The Markets for Force by : Molly Dunigan

Download or read book The Markets for Force written by Molly Dunigan and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2015-01-21 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Markets for Force examines and compares the markets for private military and security contractors in twelve nations: Argentina, Guatemala, Peru, Ecuador, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Russia, Afghanistan, China, Canada, and the United States. Editors Molly Dunigan and Ulrich Petersohn argue that the global market for force is actually a conglomeration of many types of markets that vary according to local politics and geostrategic context. Each case study investigates the particular characteristics of the region's market, how each market evolved into its current form, and what consequence the privatized market may have for state military force and the provision of public safety. The comparative standpoint sheds light on better-known markets but also those less frequently studied, such as the state-owned and -managed security companies in China, militaries working for private sector extractive industries in Ecuador and Peru, and the ways warlord forces overlap with private security companies in Afghanistan. An invaluable resource for scholars and policymakers alike, The Markets for Force offers both an empirical analysis of variations in private military and security companies across the globe and deeper theoretical knowledge of how such markets develop. Contributors: Olivia Allison, Oldrich Bures, Jennifer Catallo, Molly Dunigan, Scott Fitzsimmons, Maiah Jaskoski, Kristina Mani, Carlos Ortiz, Ulrich Petersohn, Jake Sherman, Christopher Spearin.

The Modern Mercenary

Author : Sean McFate
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190621087
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Modern Mercenary by : Sean McFate

Download or read book The Modern Mercenary written by Sean McFate and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sean McFate lays bare the opaque world of private military contractors, explaining the economic structure of the industry and showing in detail how firms operate on the ground. As a former paratrooper and private military contractor, McFate provides an unparalleled perspective into the nuts and bolts of the industry, as well as a sobering prognosis for the future of war.

Private Military and Security Companies

Author : Andrew Alexandra
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134081871
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Military and Security Companies by : Andrew Alexandra

Download or read book Private Military and Security Companies written by Andrew Alexandra and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-10-16 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book provides an interdisciplinary, state-of-the-art overview of the growing phenomenon of private military companies.

Patriots for Profit

Author : Thomas Bruneau
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804781850
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Patriots for Profit by : Thomas Bruneau

Download or read book Patriots for Profit written by Thomas Bruneau and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-18 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops a new approach to the analysis of civil-military relations by focusing on the effectiveness of the armed forces in fulfilling roles & missions, and on their efficiency in terms of cost. The approach is applied to the United States using official documents and interviews with policy-makers. In addition to analyzing the impact of defense reform initiatives over the past thirty years, the book includes the recent phenomenon of "contracting-out" security that has resulted in greater numbers of contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan than uniformed military personnel. While the book demonstrates that democratic civilian control of the military in the U.S. is not at issue, it reveals that there is little public control over Private Security Contractors due to a combination of the current restricted interpretation of what is an "inherently governmental function" and limited legal authority. This is despite the fact that PSCs have taken on roles and missions that were previously the responsibility of the uniformed military. Further, despite numerous efforts to redress the problem, current political and institutional barriers to reform are not likely to be overcome soon.