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Contextualisms In Epistemology
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Book Synopsis Epistemic Contextualism by : Peter Baumann
Download or read book Epistemic Contextualism written by Peter Baumann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peter Baumann develops and defends a distinctive version of epistemic contextualism, the view that the truth conditions or the meaning of knowledge attributions can vary with the context of the attributor. Baumann discusses problems and objections, and provides an extension of contextualism beyond epistemology.
Book Synopsis Contextualism in Philosophy by : Gerhard Preyer
Download or read book Contextualism in Philosophy written by Gerhard Preyer and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2005-08-11 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In epistemology and in philosophy of language there is fierce debate about the role of context in knowledge, understanding, and meaning. Many contemporary epistemologists take seriously the thesis that epistemic vocabulary is context-sensitive. This thesis is of course a semantic claim, so it has brought epistemologists into contact with work on context in semantics by philosophers of language. This volume brings together the debates, in a set of twelve specially written essays representing the latest work by leading figures in the two fields. All future work on contextualism will start here.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Contextualism by : Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Contextualism written by Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epistemic contextualism is a recent and hotly debated topic in philosophy. Contextualists argue that the language we use to attribute knowledge can only be properly understood relative to a specified context. How much can our knowledge depend on context? Is there a limit, and if so, where does it lie? What is the relationship between epistemic contextualism and fundamental topics in philosophy such as objectivity, truth, and relativism? The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Contextualism is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems, and debates in this exciting subject and is the first collection of its kind. Comprising thirty-seven chapters by a team of international contributors the Handbook is divided into eight parts: Data and motivations for contextualism Methodological issues Epistemological implications Doing without contextualism Relativism and disagreement Semantic implementations Contextualism outside ‘knows’ Foundational linguistic issues. Within these sections central issues, debates and problems are examined, including contextualism and thought experiments and paradoxes such as the Gettier problem and the lottery paradox; semantics and pragmatics; the relationship between contextualism, relativism, and disagreement; and contextualism about related topics like ethical judgments and modality. The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Contextualism is essential reading for students and researchers in epistemology and philosophy of language. It will also be very useful for those in related fields such as linguistics and philosophy of mind.
Book Synopsis The Case for Contextualism by : Keith DeRose
Download or read book The Case for Contextualism written by Keith DeRose and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-05-05 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's an obvious enough observation that the standards that govern whether ordinary speakers will say that someone knows something vary with context: What we are happy to call "knowledge" in some ("low-standards") contexts we'll deny is "knowledge" in other ("high-standards") contexts. But do these varying standards for when ordinary speakers will attribute knowledge, and for when they are in some important sense warranted in attributing knowledge, reflect varying standards for when it is or would be true for them to attribute knowledge? Or are the standards that govern whether such claims are true always the same? And what are the implications for epistemology if these truth-conditions for knowledge claims shift with context? Contextualism, the view that the epistemic standards a subject must meet in order for a claim attributing "knowledge" to her to be true do vary with context, has been hotly debated in epistemology and philosophy of language during the last few decades. In The Case for Contextualism Keith DeRose offers a sustained state-of-the-art exposition and defense of the contextualist position, presenting and advancing the most powerful arguments in favor of the view and against its "invariantist" rivals, and responding to the most pressing objections facing contextualism.
Book Synopsis Contextualising Knowledge by : Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa
Download or read book Contextualising Knowledge written by Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jonathan Ichikawa synthesizes two prominent ideas in epistemology: contextualism about knowledge ascriptions, and the 'knowledge first' emphasis on the theoretical primacy of knowledge. He argues that in thinking clearly about knowledge, epistemologists must also think about the dynamic aspects of the words we use to talk about knowledge.
Book Synopsis Knowledge and Skepticism by : Joseph Keim Campbell
Download or read book Knowledge and Skepticism written by Joseph Keim Campbell and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-05-21 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New essays by leading philosophers explore topics in epistemology, offering both contemporary philosophical analysis and historical perspectives. There are two main questions in epistemology: What is knowledge? And: Do we have any of it? The first question asks after the nature of a concept; the second involves grappling with the skeptic, who believes that no one knows anything. This collection of original essays addresses the themes of knowledge and skepticism, offering both contemporary epistemological analysis and historical perspectives from leading philosophers and rising scholars. Contributors first consider knowledge: the intrinsic nature of knowledge—in particular, aspects of what distinguishes knowledge from true belief; the extrinsic examination of knowledge, focusing on contextualist accounts; and types of knowledge, specifically perceptual, introspective, and rational knowledge. The final chapters offer various perspectives on skepticism. Knowledge and Skepticism provides an eclectic yet coherent set of essays by distinguished scholars and important new voices. The cutting-edge nature of its contributions and its interdisciplinary character make it a valuable resource for a wide audience—for philosophers of language as well as for epistemologists, and for psychologists, decision theorists, historians, and students at both the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels. Contributors Kent Bach, Joseph Keim Campbell, Joseph Cruz, Fred Dretske, Catherine Z. Elgin, Peter S. Fosl, Peter J. Graham, David Hemp, Michael O'Rourke, George Pappas, John L. Pollock, Duncan Pritchard, Joseph Salerno, Robert J. Stainton, Harry S. Silverstein, Joseph Thomas Tolliver, Leora Weitzman
Book Synopsis Description of Situations by : Nuno Venturinha
Download or read book Description of Situations written by Nuno Venturinha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book approaches classic epistemological problems from a contextualist perspective. The author takes as his point of departure the fact that we are situated beings, more specifically that every single moment in our lives is already given within the framework of a specific context in the midst of which we understand ourselves and what surrounds us. In the process of his investigation, the author explores, in a fresh way, the works of key thinkers in epistemology. These include Bernard Bolzano, René Descartes, Gottlob Frege, Edmund Husserl, Immanuel Kant and Ludwig Wittgenstein, but also contemporary authors such as Stewart Cohen, Keith DeRose, David Lewis, Duncan Pritchard, Ernest Sosa and Charles Travis. Some of the topics covered are attributions of knowledge, the correspondence theory of truth, objectivity and subjectivity, possible worlds, primary and secondary evidence, scepticism, transcendentalism and relativism. The book also introduces a new contextualist thought-experiment for dealing with moral questions. Contextualism has received a great deal of attention in contemporary epistemology. It has the potential to resolve a number of issues that traditional epistemological approaches cannot address. In particular, a contextualist view opens the way to an understanding of those cognitive processes that require situational information to be fully grasped. However, contextualism poses serious difficulties in regard to epistemic invariance. This book offers readers an innovative approach to some fundamental questions in this field.
Book Synopsis Knowledge and Presuppositions by : Michael Blome-Tillmann
Download or read book Knowledge and Presuppositions written by Michael Blome-Tillmann and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blome-Tillmann puts forth an innovative account of epistemic contextualism based on the idea that pragmatic presuppositions play a central role in the semantics of knowledge attributions. Using the resulting theory, he establishes its significance for a variety of issues within epistemology and the philosophy of language.
Book Synopsis Knowledge by Agreement by : Martin Kusch
Download or read book Knowledge by Agreement written by Martin Kusch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Martin Kusch puts forth two controversial ideas: that knowledge is a social status (like money or marriage) and that knowledge is primarily the possession of groups rather than individuals. He defends the radical implications of his views: that knowledge is political, and that it varies with communities. This bold approach to epistemology is a challenge to philosophy and the wider academic world.
Book Synopsis Epistemological Contextualism by : Martijn Blaauw
Download or read book Epistemological Contextualism written by Martijn Blaauw and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 2005 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neo-Mooreanism Versus Contextualism; Living Without Closure; Contesting Contextualism; Comparing Contextualism and Invariantism on the Correctness of Contextualist Intuitions; Some Worries for Would-be WAMmers; Challenging Contextualism; Contextualism and the Many Senses of Knowledge; Avoiding the Dogmatic Commitments of Contextualism; A Contextualist Solution to the Problem of Easy Knowledge; A Contextualist Solution to the Gettier Problem; Varieties of Contextualism: Standards and Descriptions; Contextualism Between Scepticism and Common-Sense.
Book Synopsis Context, Truth and Objectivity by : Eduardo Marchesan
Download or read book Context, Truth and Objectivity written by Eduardo Marchesan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The claim according to which there is a categorial gap between meaning and saying – between what sentences mean and what we say by using them on particular occasions – has come to be widely regarded as being exclusively a claim in the philosophy of language. The present essay collection takes a different approach to these issues. It seeks to explore the ways in which that claim – as defended first by ordinary language philosophy and, more recently, by various contextualist projects – is grounded in considerations that transcend the philosophy of language. More specifically, the volume seeks to explore how that claim is inextricably linked to considerations about the nature of truth and representation. It is thus part of the objective of this volume to rethink the current way of framing the debates on these issues. By framing the debate in terms of an opposition between "ideal language theorists" and their semanticist heirs on the one hand and "communication theorists" and their contextualist heirs on the other, one brackets important controversies and risks obscuring the undoubtedly very real oppositions that exist between different currents of thought.
Download or read book Aspects of Knowing written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-05-19 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AcknowledgementsContributors1. Introduction: The art of precise epistemology Stephen HetheringtonPart A. Epistemology as scientific?2. A problem about epistemic dependenceTim Oakley3. Accounting for commitments: A priori knowledge, ontology, and logical entailmentsMichaelis Michael4. Epistemic bootstrappingPeter Forrest5. More praise for Moore's proofRoger White6. Lotteries and the Close Shave principleJohn Collins7. Skepticism, self-knowledge, and responsibilityDavid Macarthur8. A reasonable contextualism (or, Austin reprised)A. B. Dickerson9. Questioning contextualismBrian WeathersonPart B. Understanding knowledge?10. Truthmaking and the Gettier problemAdrian Heathcote11. Is knowing having the right to be sure?André Gallois12. Knowledge by intention? On the possibility of agent's knowledgeAnne Newstead13. Gettier's theoremJohn Bigelow14. Knowledge that works: A tale of two conceptual modelsStephen Hetherington
Book Synopsis Unnatural Doubts by : Michael Williams
Download or read book Unnatural Doubts written by Michael Williams and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1996-01-11 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Unnatural Doubts, Michael Williams constructs a masterly polemic against the very idea of epistemology, as traditionally conceived. Although philosophers have often found problems in efforts to study the nature and limits of human knowledge, Williams provides the first book that systematically argues against there being such a thing as knowledge of the external world. He maintains that knowledge of the world consitutes a theoretically coherent kind of knowledge, whose possibility needs to be defended, only given a deeply problematic doctrine he calls "epistemological realism." The only alternative to epistemological realism is a thoroughgoing contextualism.
Book Synopsis On Folk Epistemology by : Mikkel Gerken
Download or read book On Folk Epistemology written by Mikkel Gerken and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Folk Epistemology explores how we ascribe knowledge to ourselves and others. Empirical evidence suggests that we do so early and often in thought as well as in talk. Since knowledge ascriptions are central to how we navigate social life, it is important to understand our basis for making them. A central claim of the book is that factors that have nothing to do with knowledge may lead to systematic mistakes in everyday ascriptions of knowledge. These mistakes are explained by an empirically informed account of how ordinary knowledge ascriptions are the product of cognitive heuristics that are associated with biases. In developing this account, Mikkel Gerken presents work in cognitive psychology and pragmatics, while also contributing to epistemology. For example, Gerken develops positive epistemic norms of action and assertion and moreover, critically assesses contextualism, knowledge-first methodology, pragmatic encroachment theories and more. Many of these approaches are argued to overestimate the epistemological significance of folk epistemology. In contrast, this volume develops an equilibristic methodology according to which intuitive judgments about knowledge cannot straightforwardly play a role as data for epistemological theorizing. Rather, critical epistemological theorizing is required to interpret empirical findings. Consequently, On Folk Epistemology helps to lay the foundation for an emerging sub-field that intersects philosophy and the cognitive sciences: The empirical study of folk epistemology.
Download or read book Epistemic Relativism written by M. Seidel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-04-13 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Markus Seidel provides a detailed critique of epistemic relativism in the sociology of scientific knowledge. In addition to scrutinizing the main arguments for epistemic relativism he provides an absolutist account that nevertheless aims at integrating the relativist's intuition.
Book Synopsis Metaepistemology and Relativism by : J. Carter
Download or read book Metaepistemology and Relativism written by J. Carter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-12 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is knowledge relative? Many academics across the humanities say that it is. However those who work in mainstream epistemology generally consider that it is not. Metaepistemology and Relativism questions whether the kind of anti-relativistic background that underlies typical projects in mainstream epistemology can on closer inspection be vindicated.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Philosophy by : Guy Axtell
Download or read book Introduction to Philosophy written by Guy Axtell and published by . This book was released on 2022-01-26 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Philosophy: Epistemology engages first-time philosophy readers on a guided tour through the core concepts, questions, methods, arguments, and theories of epistemology-the branch of philosophy devoted to the study of knowledge. After a brief overview of the field, the book progresses systematically while placing central ideas and thinkers in historical and contemporary context. The chapters cover the analysis of knowledge, the nature of epistemic justification, rationalism vs. empiricism, skepticism, the value of knowledge, the ethics of belief, Bayesian epistemology, social epistemology, and feminist epistemologies. Along the way, instructors and students will encounter a wealth of additional resources and tools: Chapter learning outcomes Key terms Images of philosophers and related art Useful diagrams and tables Boxes containing excerpts and other supplementary material Questions for reflection Suggestions for further reading A glossary For an undergraduate survey epistemology course, Introduction to Philosophy: Epistemology is ideal when used as a main text paired with primary sources and scholarly articles. For an introductory philosophy course, select book chapters are best used in combination with chapters from other books in the Introduction to Philosophy series: https: //www1.rebus.community/#/project/4ec7ecce-d2b3-4f20-973c-6b6502e7cbb2.
