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Constraining Cognitive Theories
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Book Synopsis Constraining Cognitive Theories by : Zenon W. Pylyshyn
Download or read book Constraining Cognitive Theories written by Zenon W. Pylyshyn and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1998-06-08 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of essays on foundational and methodological issues in cognitive science. Topics range from the philosophical problems surrounding intentionality and holism to specific scientific issues concerned with the architecture of systems for problem solving, planning, language processing, vision and visual-motor coordination. The larger theme is cognitive architecture and the twelve chapters show the generality of the problems associated with this theme as it impinges on almost every area of cognitive science and most methodological approaches adopted to date.
Book Synopsis Unified Theories of Cognition by : Allen Newell
Download or read book Unified Theories of Cognition written by Allen Newell and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newell introduces Soar, an architecture for general cognition. A pioneer system in AI, Soar is the first problem-solver to create its own subgoals and learn continuously from its own experience. Its ability to operate within the real-time constraints of intelligent behavior illustrates important characteristics of human cognition.
Book Synopsis Time-constrained Memory by : Jean-Pierre Corriveau
Download or read book Time-constrained Memory written by Jean-Pierre Corriveau and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tries to answer the question posed by Minsky at the beginning of The Society of Mind: "to explain the mind, we have to show how minds are built from mindless stuff, from parts that are much smaller and simpler than anything we'd considered smart." The author believes that cognition should not be rooted in innate rules and primitives, but rather grounded in human memory. More specifically, he suggests viewing linguistic comprehension as a time-constrained process -- a race for building an interpretation in short term memory. After reviewing existing psychological and computational approaches to text understanding and concluding that they generally rely on self-validating primitives, the author abandons this objectivist and normative approach to meaning and develops a set of requirements for a grounded cognitive architecture. He then goes on to explain how this architecture must avoid all epistemological commitments, be tractable both with respect to space and time, and, most importantly, account for the diachronic and non-deterministic nature of comprehension. In other words, a text may or may not lead to an interpretation for a specific reader, and may be associated with several interpretations over time by one reader. Throughout the remainder of the book, the author demonstrates that rules for all major facets of comprehension -- syntax, reference resolution, quantification, lexical and structural disambiguation, inference and subject matter -- can be expressed in terms of the simple mechanistic computing elements of a massively parallel network modeling memory. These elements, called knowledge units, work in a limited amount of time and have the ability not only to recognize but also to build the structures that make up an interpretation. Designed as a main text for graduate courses, this volume is essential to the fields of cognitive science, artificial intelligence, memory modeling, text understanding, computational linguistics and natural language understanding. Other areas of application are schema-matching, hermeneutics, local connectionism, and text linguistics. With its extensive bibliography, the book is also valuable as supplemental reading for introductory undergraduate courses in cognitive science and computational linguistics.
Book Synopsis The Epigenesis of Mind by : Susan Carey
Download or read book The Epigenesis of Mind written by Susan Carey and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the focus of a Jean Piaget Symposium entitled Biology and Knowledge: Structural Constraints on Development, this volume presents many of the emergent themes discussed. Among these themes are: Structural constraints on cognitive development and learning come in many shapes and forms and involve appeal to more than one level of analysis. To postulate innate knowledge is not to deny that humans can acquire new concepts. It is unlikely that there is only one learning mechanism, even if one prefers to work with general as opposed to domain-specific mechanisms. The problems of induction with respect to concept acquisition are even harder than originally thought.
Book Synopsis Constraint-induced Movement Therapy by : G. Uswatte
Download or read book Constraint-induced Movement Therapy written by G. Uswatte and published by Ios PressInc. This book was released on 2006 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constraint-Induced Movement therapy (CI therapy) is a behavioral approach to neurorehabilitation based on a program of neuroscience experiments conducted with monkeys. Evidence has accumulated to support the efficacy of CI therapy for rehabilitating hemiparetic arm use in individuals with chronic stroke. This book addresses the related topics.
Book Synopsis A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness by : Bernard J. Baars
Download or read book A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness written by Bernard J. Baars and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-07-30 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bernard Baars suggests a way to specify empirical constraints on a theory of consciousness by contrasting well-established conscious phenomena with comparable unconscious ones, such as stimulus representations known to be preperceptual, unattended or habituated. By adducing data to show that consciousness is associated with a kind of workplace in the nervous system, Baars helps clarify the problem.
Book Synopsis The Redux of Cognitive Consistency Theories by : Dan Simon
Download or read book The Redux of Cognitive Consistency Theories written by Dan Simon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We suggest that making decisions from multiple pieces of evidence is performed by mechanisms of constraint satisfaction. Such reasoning is bi-directional - decisions follow from the evidence, but evaluations of the evidence shift towards coherence with the emerging decision. Using a factually complex legal case, we found that patterns of coherence shifts remained constant even when the distribution of decisions was manipulated by changes in the strength of the evidence (Study 1) and standard of proof (Study 2). Similar shifts were found across participants with different attitudes (Study 3). When participants changed their preferred decision, the evaluation of the facts dovetailed with the new preference (Study 4). Supporting the bi-directionality of reasoning, Study 5 showed that assigning participants to a verdict strongly affected their evaluation of the evidence. Coherence mechanisms also influenced evaluations of related background knowledge. Implications for algebraic models of judgment (Bayes Theorem and Information Integration Theory) and for the Story Model (Pennington & Hastie, 1986) are discussed. This research argues that Cognitive Consistency Theories should play a greater role in the understanding of human cognition.
Book Synopsis Creative Cognition by : Ronald A. Finke
Download or read book Creative Cognition written by Ronald A. Finke and published by Bradford Books. This book was released on 1996-01 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Original and well articulated. . . . [A] benchmark for psychologists who are concerned to understand and explain one of the less tractable areas of human cognition. It can also be recommended as a rich source of practical ideas to anyone responsible for education and training in professions that depend on the regular exercise of creative thinking. -- John Richardson, "Times Higher Education Supplement" "Creative Cognition" combines original experiments with existing work in cognitive psychology to provide the first explicit account of the cognitive processes and structures that contribute to creative thinking and discovery. In separate chapters, the authors take up visualization, concept formation, categorization, memory retrieval, and problem solving. They describe novel experimental methods for studying creative cognitive processes under controlled laboratory conditions, along with techniques that can be used to generate many different types of inventions and concepts. "A Bradford Book"
Book Synopsis The Extended Theory of Cognitive Creativity by : Antonino Pennisi
Download or read book The Extended Theory of Cognitive Creativity written by Antonino Pennisi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume focuses on the hypothesis that performativity is not a property confined to certain specific human skills, or to certain specific acts of language, nor an accidental enrichment due to creative intelligence. Instead, the executive and motor component of cognitive behavior should be considered an intrinsic part of the physiological functioning of the mind, and as endowed with self-generative power. Performativity, in this theoretical context, can be defined as a constituent component of cognitive processes. The material action allowing us to interact with reality is both the means by which the subject knows the surrounding world and one through which he experiments with the possibilities of his body. This proposal is rooted in models now widely accepted in the philosophy of mind and language; in fact, it focuses on a space of awareness that is not in the individual, or outside it, but is determined by the species-specific ways in which the body acts on the world. This theoretical hypothesis will be pursued through the latest interdisciplinary methodology typical of cognitive science, that coincide with the five sections in which the book is organized: Embodied, enactivist, philosophical approaches; Aesthetics approaches; Naturalistic and evolutionary approaches; Neuroscientific approaches; Linguistics approaches. This book is intended for: linguists, philosophers, psychologists, cognitive scientists, scholars of art and aesthetics, performing artists, researchers in embodied cognition, especially enactivists and students of the extended mind.
Book Synopsis Theories of Mood and Cognition by : Leonard L. Martin
Download or read book Theories of Mood and Cognition written by Leonard L. Martin and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approaching the topic from a social psychological viewpoint, this book provides a forum for some currently active theorists to provide concise descriptions of their models in a way that addresses four of the most central issues in the field: How does affect influence memory, judgment, information processing, and creativity? Each presentation includes a concise description of the theory's underlying assumptions, an application of these assumptions to the four central issues, and some answers to questions posed by the other theorists. Thus, in one volume, the reader is presented with a single authoritative source for current theories of affect and information processing and is given a chance to "listen in" on a conversation among the theorists in the form of questions and answers related to each theory. Students and researchers alike will benefit from the clarity and brevity of this volume.
Download or read book Mathematical Difficulties written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-07-25 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the mathematical difficulties in typical and atypical populations. It discusses the behavioural, educational and neuropsychological characteristics of people with mathematical difficulties, and educational interventions to prevent, diagnose, treat or ameliorate such difficulties. The book brings together studies from different disciplines, including developmental psychology, neuroscience and education, and includes perspectives from practicing teachers.The book is divided into three major sections. The first includes chapters about the nature and characteristics of mathematical difficulties in the population as a whole, in relation to both psychology and education. The second deals with mathematical difficulties in children with other problems such as specific language impairment and dyslexia. The third discusses methods of interventions aimed at preventing, treating or ameliorating mathematical difficulties, and will include discussions of assessment and diagnosis.
Book Synopsis Meaning, Context and Methodology by : Sarah-Jane Conrad
Download or read book Meaning, Context and Methodology written by Sarah-Jane Conrad and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What methodological impact does Contextualism have on the philosophy of language? This collection sets out to provide some answers. The authors in this volume question three ultimately connected assumptions of the philosophy of language. The first assumption relates to the predominant status of referential semantics and its power to explain truth-conditional meaning. This assumption has come under attack by the context thesis and a number of papers pursue the question of whether this is justified. The second assumption gives priority to assertive sentences when considering language use. The context thesis changes our understanding of language use altogether; possible implications from this methodological shift are addressed in this volume. According to the third assumption, philosophical analysis amounts to nothing more than conceptual analysis. The context thesis risks undermining this project. Whether conceptual analysis can still be defended as a methodological tool is discussed in this volume.
Book Synopsis Communication Yearbook 5 by : Michael Burgoon
Download or read book Communication Yearbook 5 written by Michael Burgoon and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 1981-12-01 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published under the auspices of the International Communication Association, this volume, the fifth in the Communication Yearbook series, provides an annual overview and synthesis of developments in the science of communication. Disciplinary reviews and commentaries on general topics in all subdivisions of communication accompany analyses of developments in communication theory and research in specialized areas within the communication sciences. Among the areas covered are information systems, interpersonal communication, political communication, instructional communication, health communication, mass communication, organizational communication, and intercul-tural communication. Reviews and commentaries are commissioned by the editor, and divisional overviews are prepared by scholars in each area of specialization. Articles presenting current research are selected through competitive judging processes within each interest area.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Interference by : Irwin G. Sarason
Download or read book Cognitive Interference written by Irwin G. Sarason and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, the first synthesis of work on cognitive interference, leading researchers, theorists, and clinicians from around the world confront a number of important questions about intrusive thoughts and suggest a challenging agenda for the future.
Book Synopsis Constrained Elitism and Contemporary Democratic Theory by : Timothy Kersey
Download or read book Constrained Elitism and Contemporary Democratic Theory written by Timothy Kersey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-08 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, examples of the public’s engagement with political issues through commercial and communicative mechanisms have become increasingly common. In February 2012, the Susan G. Komen Foundation reversed a decision to cease funding of cancer screening programs through Planned Parenthood amidst massive public disapproval. The same year, restaurant chain Chic-fil-A became embroiled in a massive public debate over statements its President made regarding same-sex marriage. What exactly is going on in such public engagement, and how does this relate to existing ideas regarding the public sphere and political participation? Is the public becoming increasingly vocal in its complaints? Or are new relationships between the public and economic and political leaders emerging? Timothy Kersey’s book asserts that the widespread utilization of internet communications technologies, especially social media applications, has brought forth a variety of new communicative behaviors and relationships within liberal polities. Through quick and seemingly chaotic streams of networked communication, the actions of these elites are subject to increasingly intense scrutiny and short-term pressure to ameliorate or at least address the concerns of segments of the population. By examining these new patterns of behavior among both elites and the general public, Kersey unearths the implications of these patterns for contemporary democratic theory, and argues that contemporary conceptualizations of "the public’" need to be modified to more accurately reflect practices of online communication and participation. By engaging with this topical issue, Kersey is able to closely examine the self-organization of both elite and non-elite segments of the population within the realm of networked communication, and the relations and interactions between these segments. His book combines perspectives from political theory and communication studies and so will be widely relevant across both disciplines.
Book Synopsis A Behavioral Theory of Elections by : Jonathan Bendor
Download or read book A Behavioral Theory of Elections written by Jonathan Bendor and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most theories of elections assume that voters and political actors are fully rational. This title provides a behavioral theory of elections based on the notion that all actors - politicians as well as voters - are only boundedly rational.
Book Synopsis Digital Forensics and Internet of Things by : Anita Gehlot
Download or read book Digital Forensics and Internet of Things written by Anita Gehlot and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIGITAL FORENSICS AND INTERNET OF THINGS It pays to be ahead of the criminal, and this book helps organizations and people to create a path to achieve this goal. The book discusses applications and challenges professionals encounter in the burgeoning field of IoT forensics. IoT forensics attempts to align its workflow to that of any forensics practice—investigators identify, interpret, preserve, analyze and present any relevant data. As with any investigation, a timeline is constructed, and, with the aid of smart devices providing data, investigators might be able to capture much more specific data points than in a traditional crime. However, collecting this data can often be a challenge, as it frequently doesn’t live on the device itself, but rather in the provider’s cloud platform. If you can get the data off the device, you’ll have to employ one of a variety of methods given the diverse nature of IoT devices hardware, software, and firmware. So, while robust and insightful data is available, acquiring it is no small undertaking. Digital Forensics and Internet of Things encompasses: State-of-the-art research and standards concerning IoT forensics and traditional digital forensics Compares and contrasts IoT forensic techniques with those of traditional digital forensics standards Identifies the driving factors of the slow maturation of IoT forensic standards and possible solutions Applies recommended standards gathered from IoT forensic literature in hands-on experiments to test their effectiveness across multiple IoT devices Provides educated recommendations on developing and establishing IoT forensic standards, research, and areas that merit further study. Audience Researchers and scientists in forensic sciences, computer sciences, electronics engineering, embedded systems, information technology.
