Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration Volume 1 Quarterly Report No 6 February 1 1992 April 30 1992

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Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Volume 1, Quarterly Report No. 6, February 1, 1992--April 30, 1992

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Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Volume 1, Quarterly Report No. 6, February 1, 1992--April 30, 1992 by :

Download or read book Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Volume 1, Quarterly Report No. 6, February 1, 1992--April 30, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the sixth quarterly report for this project and it covers work performed on Phase 3a of the project from February 1, 1992 through April 30, 1992. Extension of the parametric test period through June 1992 provides an opportunity to regain most of the schedule slippage, but only if the modifications needed for continuous operation of the CZD system are installed concurrent with the extended test period. These modifications include automation of the lime preparation and transfer system, automatic injection control, and related instrumentation and controls as necessary to integrate the operation of the CZD system with Seward Station Boiler No. 15. Early installation of these modifications would permit testing, debugging and adjustment of the automatic control system during the parametric test period. Results of current testing indicate that considerable testing and adjustment will be required to optimize operation of the CZD system after it is automated for continuous operation. Therefore, we intend to incorporate in Phase 3a(parametric testing) the system modifications needed for continuous automatic operation that were originally included in Phase 3b. Phase 3b would then be limited only to the one-year continuous demonstration.

Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Volume 1, Quarterly Report No. 5, November 1, 1991--January 31, 1992

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Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Volume 1, Quarterly Report No. 5, November 1, 1991--January 31, 1992 by :

Download or read book Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Volume 1, Quarterly Report No. 5, November 1, 1991--January 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fifth quarterly report for this project. This project is divided into three phases. Phase 1, which has been completed, involved design, engineering, and procurement for the CZD system, duct and facility modifications, and supporting equipment. Phase 2, also completed, included equipment acquisition and installation, facility construction, startup, and operator training for parametric testing. Phase 3 broadly covers testing, operation and disposition, but only a portion of Phase 3 was included in Budget Period 1. That portion was concerned with parametric testing of the CZD system to establish the optimum conditions for an extended, one-year, continuous demonstration. As of December 31, 1991, the following goals have been achieved. (1) Nozzle Selection - A modified Spraying Systems Company (SSC) atomizing nozzle has been selected for the one-year continuous CZD demonstration. (2) SO2 and NOx Reduction - Preliminary confirmation of 50% SO2 reduction has been achieved, but the NOx reduction target cannot be confirmed at this time. (3) Lime Selection - Testing indicated an injection rate of 40 to 50 gallons per minute with a lime slurry concentration of 8 to 10% to achieve 50% SO2 reduction. There has been no selection of the lime to be used in the one year demonstration. (4) ESP Optimization - Tests conducted to date have shown that lime injection has a very beneficial effect on ESP performance, and little adjustment may be necessary. (5) SO2 Removal Costs - Testing has not revealed any significant departure from the bases on which Bechtels̀ original cost estimates (capital and operating) were prepared. Therefore, SO2 removal costs are still expected to be in the range of $300/ton or less.

Energy Research Abstracts

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Total Pages : 782 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration by :

Download or read book Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the sixth quarterly report for this project and it covers work performed on Phase 3a of the project from February 1, 1992 through April 30, 1992. Extension of the parametric test period through June 1992 provides an opportunity to regain most of the schedule slippage, but only if the modifications needed for continuous operation of the CZD system are installed concurrent with the extended test period. These modifications include automation of the lime preparation and transfer system, automatic injection control, and related instrumentation and controls as necessary to integrate the operation of the CZD system with Seward Station Boiler No. 15. Early installation of these modifications would permit testing, debugging and adjustment of the automatic control system during the parametric test period. Results of current testing indicate that considerable testing and adjustment will be required to optimize operation of the CZD system after it is automated for continuous operation. Therefore, we intend to incorporate in Phase 3a(parametric testing) the system modifications needed for continuous automatic operation that were originally included in Phase 3b. Phase 3b would then be limited only to the one-year continuous demonstration.

Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Quarterly Report No. 8, August 17, 1992--November 16, 1992

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Book Synopsis Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Quarterly Report No. 8, August 17, 1992--November 16, 1992 by :

Download or read book Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Quarterly Report No. 8, August 17, 1992--November 16, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CZD process involves injecting a finely atomized slurry of reactive lime into the flue gas duct work of a coal-fired utility boiler. The principle of the confined zone is to form a wet zone of slurry droplets in the middle of the duct confined in an envelope of hot gas between the wet zone and the duct walls. The lime slurry reacts with part of the SO[sub 2] in the gas, and the reaction products dry to form solid particles. A solids collector, typically an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) downstream from the point of injection, captures the reaction products along with the fly ash entrained in the flue gas. The goal of this demonstration is to prove the technical and economic feasibility of the CZD technology on a commercial scale. The process is expected to achieve 50% SO[sub 2] removal at lower capital and O & M costs than other systems. To achieve its objectives, the project is divided into the following three phases: Phase 1: Design and Permitting, Phase 2: Construction and Start-up, Phase 3: Operation and Disposition. Phase 1 activities were completed on January 31, 1991. Phase 2 activities were essentially concluded on July 31, 1991, and Phase 3a, Parametric Testing, was initiated on July 1, 1991. This Quarterly Technical Progress Report covers Phase 3b activities from August 17, 1992 through November 16, 1992.

Itogi Vserossijskoj gorodskoj perepisi 1923 goda na Dal'nem Vostoke

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Book Synopsis Itogi Vserossijskoj gorodskoj perepisi 1923 goda na Dal'nem Vostoke by :

Download or read book Itogi Vserossijskoj gorodskoj perepisi 1923 goda na Dal'nem Vostoke written by and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Quarterly Report No. 7, May 1, 1992--August 16, 1992

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Total Pages : 162 pages
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Book Synopsis Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Quarterly Report No. 7, May 1, 1992--August 16, 1992 by :

Download or read book Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Quarterly Report No. 7, May 1, 1992--August 16, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CZD process involves injecting a finely atomized slurry of reactive lime into the flue gas duct work of a coal-fired utility boiler. The principle of the confined zone is to form a wet zone of slurry droplets in the middle of the duct confined in an envelope of hot gas between the wet zone and the duct walls. The lime slurry reacts with part of the SO2 in the gas, and the reaction products dry to form solid particles. A solids collector, typically an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) downstream from the point of injection, captures the reaction products along with the fly ash entrained in the flue gas. The features that distinguish the CZD process from other similar injection processes are: (1) Injection of an alkaline slurry directly into the duct, instead of injection of dry solids into the duct ahead of a fabric filter. (2) Use of an ultrafine calcium/magnesium hydroxide, type S pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime. This commercial product is made from plentiful, naturally occurring dolomite. (3) Low residence time, made possible by the high effective surface area of the Type S lime. (4) Localized dispersion of the reagent. (5) Improved electrostatic precipitator performance via gas conditioning from the increased water vapor content, and lower temperatures. The waste product is composed of magnesium and calcium sulfite and sulfate, with some excess lime. This product mixed with fly ash is self-stabilizing because of the excess lime values, and thus tends to retain heavy metals in insoluble forms within the fly ash.

Government reports annual index

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Total Pages : 1190 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Volume 1, Quarterly Report No. 4, August 1, 1991--October 31, 1991

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Volume 1, Quarterly Report No. 4, August 1, 1991--October 31, 1991 by :

Download or read book Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Volume 1, Quarterly Report No. 4, August 1, 1991--October 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The confined zone dispersion (CZD) process involves flue gas post-treatment, physically located between a boilers̀ outlet and its particulate collector, which in the majority of cases is an electrostatic precipitator. The features that distinguish this process from other similar injection processes are: Injection of an alkaline slurry directly into the duct, instead of injection of dry solids into the duct ahead of a fabric filter. Use of an ultrafine calcium/magnesium hydroxide, type S pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime. This commercial product is made from plentiful, naturally occurring dolomite. Low residence time, made possible by the high effective surface area of the Type S lime. Localized dispersion of the reagent. Slurry droplets contact only part of the gas while the droplets are drying, to remove up to 50 percent of the S02 and significant amounts of NO3 The process uses dual fluid rather than rotary atomizers. Improved electrostatic precipitator performance via gas conditioning from the increased water vapor content, and lower temperatures. Supplemental conditioning with S03 is not believed necessary for satisfactory removal of particulate matter.

Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Volume 2, Quarterly Report No. 4, August 1, 1991--October 31, 1991

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Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Volume 2, Quarterly Report No. 4, August 1, 1991--October 31, 1991 by :

Download or read book Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Volume 2, Quarterly Report No. 4, August 1, 1991--October 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report contains only numerical data, no text.

Government Reports Announcements & Index

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Total Pages : 736 pages
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Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Quarterly Report No. 10, February 17--May 31, 1993

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Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Quarterly Report No. 10, February 17--May 31, 1993 by :

Download or read book Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. Quarterly Report No. 10, February 17--May 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CZD process involves injecting a finely atomized slurry of reactive lime into the flue gas duct work of a coal-fired utility boiler. The principle of the confined zone is to form a wet zone of slurry droplets in the middle of the duct walls. The lime slurry reacts with part of the SO2 in the gas, and the reaction products dry to form solid particles. A solids collector, typically an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) downstream from the point of injection, captures the reaction products along with the fly ash entrained in the flue gas. The demonstration is being conducted at Penelecs̀ Seward Station, Unit No. 15. This boiler is a 147 MWe coal-fired unit, which utilizes Pennsylvania bituminous coal (approximately 1.2 to 2.5% sulfur). One of the two flue gas ducts leading from the boiler has been retrofitted with the CZD technology. The first existing ESP installed in the station is immediately behind the air preheater. The second ESP, installed about 15 years ago, is about 80 feet away from the first ESP. The goal of this demonstration is to prove the technical and economic feasibility of the CZD technology on a commercial scale. The process is expected to achieve 50% SO2

Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. [Numerical Data Only ; No Text].

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. [Numerical Data Only ; No Text]. by :

Download or read book Confined Zone Dispersion Flue Gas Desulfurization Demonstration. [Numerical Data Only ; No Text]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report contains only numerical data, no text.

Confined Zone Dispersion Project. Final Technical Report

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Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Download or read book Confined Zone Dispersion Project. Final Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the performance of the confined zone dispersion (CZD) flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system in removing sulfur dioxide (SO2) from flue gas in the coal-fired boiler. The CZD-FGD system, installed at Pennsylvania Electric Company's (Penelec's) Seward Power Station, was designed to remove 50% of the SO2 from one-half of Unit No. 5's flue gas when the boiler is fired with 1.5% sulfur coal. Section 1 discusses the significance of CZD, the purpose of this report, the history of the project, and the role of DOE in the project, describes the project organization, and lists the six design areas involving proprietary information. Section 2 presents project location, objectives, and phases, and discusses the test program. Section 3 explains the process flow diagram, piping and instrumentation diagrams and operating controls, site plan, equipment layouts, and process equipment. Section 4 provides an integrated discussion of all the test results obtained during the test program, backed by tabulations and graphics. Section 5 describes the testing failures and corrective actions taken. Section 6, reliability/availability/maintainability analysis data of major equipment, covers the following systems: atomizing, sootblowing, lime, flue gas, and controls and instrumentation. Section 7 summarizes the capital cost requirements for the Seward CZD demonstration unit and discusses the capital and operating costs of installing the process at plants with various unit capacities. Section 8 discusses plans to continue the CZD demonstration to achieve longer term continuous operation at SO2 removals of 50%. Section 9 presents the principal findings of the CZD demonstration and recommends additional testing.

High Volume-high Value Usage of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) By- Products in Underground Mines. Quarterly Report, April 1--June 30, 1996

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis High Volume-high Value Usage of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) By- Products in Underground Mines. Quarterly Report, April 1--June 30, 1996 by :

Download or read book High Volume-high Value Usage of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) By- Products in Underground Mines. Quarterly Report, April 1--June 30, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The target for the project has been shifted from filling, highwall mine adits to filling auger holes with FGD material to provide a stable highwall for automated highwall mining. As reported previously, this shift in emphasis is economically desirable and practical, as the filling operation is safer and permits access to ''locked in'' high quality coal behind existing auger holes. As also reported previously, the fill material was shifted from dry FGD materials to a Fluidized Bed Combustion fly ash from the Archer Daniel Midland No. 6 facility in Illinois. Previous reports have summarized the characterization of this material for the project. However, due mostly to economic concerns with prehydration and transport of the Archer Daniel Midland (ADM6) material, several new desulfurization by-products stored at the Costain facility in Allen, Kentucky were considered during, this quarter. At this stage of the project, the change in fill material required rapid assessment in much the same way an applied working project would demand quick evaluation. This change thus provided an opportunity to demonstrate a rapid assessment of material suitability. The results described below were obtained in a short time frame, and with the exception of characterizing the long term swell and durability of the products, the rapid assessment was a success. No rapid assessment methodology for long term behavior has been developed at this time. The mineralogical characteristics of the two Costain materials will not be summarized in detail here. Unlike the ADM6 ash, the spray dryer and FBC materials currently under review do not include the large percentages of free lime (CaO) that was shown to cause high mixing temperatures in the nonprehydrated ADM6 product. This absence of free lime in the raw by-products is immediately evident when mixing with water, as no significant heating of the mixture is observed.

High-volume, High-value Usage of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) By- Products in Underground Mines

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Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)

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Download or read book High-volume, High-value Usage of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) By- Products in Underground Mines written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The kinetics study which is investigating hydration reactions of the ADM by-product (Subtask 2.2) was continued this quarter. This study further aided in gaining information on mineral precipitation and dissolution reactions during hydration of the ADM materials. The information is of importance for a comprehensive understanding of the factors that control strength and long-term stability during aging of FGD materials. The decision was made by Addington, Inc., DOE, and the University of Kentucky that the originally selected mine site for the emplacement demonstration must be changed, mainly for safety reasons. Mine selection will be a priority for the next quarter (Jul--Sep, 1995). Another activity during this reporting period was related to Subtask 4.3, the selection and testing of the transport system for the FGD material. A laboratory-scale pneumatic emplacement test unit (ETU) for dry FGD materials was built at the CAER to generate data so that a final selection of the field demonstration technology can be made. A dry pneumatic system was chosen for laboratory testing because the equipment and expertise available at the CAER matched this sort of technology best. While the design of the laboratory system was based on shotcrete technology, the physical properties of the emplaced FGD material is expected to be similar for other transport techniques, either pneumatic or hydraulic. In other words, the selection of a dry pneumatic transport system for laboratory testing does not necessarily imply that a scaled-up version will be used for the field demonstration. The ETU is a convenient means of producing samples for subsequent chemical and physical testing by a representative emplacement technology. Ultimately, the field demonstration technology will be chosen based on the laboratory data and the suitability of locally available equipment.

High Volume-high Value Usage of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) By-products in Underground Mines

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Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis High Volume-high Value Usage of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) By-products in Underground Mines by :

Download or read book High Volume-high Value Usage of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) By-products in Underground Mines written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this quarter, activity focused on the placement of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) grout into auger holes at the Sunny Ridge Mining Co. site. As discussed in previous reports, the grout was prepared using fluidized bed combustion (FBC) by-product obtained from the Costain Coal Company. The grout was thoroughly mixed with water and transferred to a concrete pumping truck. The nozzle on the pumper truck was attached to PVC pipe through which the grout was pumped into the auger holes. The first field test involved the placement of a very high slump, flowable grout into auger holes sing a simple, earthern bulkhead. These tests were conducted to explore the flowability of the grout. The second series of test was conducted with a lower-slump, higher-viscosity material pumped at high pressure and using sandbags as a bulkhead. The goal of these tests was to examine the feasibility of pressure grouting to completely fill auger holes with a material that will exhibit high long-term strength because of this low initial water content. Although there were many problems encountered during the field demonstration, these initial tests were, overall, successful. It was shown that a high-slump grout can be pumped the length of the auger holes, and can be successfully placed in holes containing standing water. Furthermore, this can be accomplished using available concrete emplacement equipment. In contrast, the pressure grouting proved more challenging than emplacement of the flowable grout mainly because of pipe-joint failures and difficulties in working the stiff, high-viscosity grout; the amount of water added to the mix is critical when placing this type of material. Cylinders of grout for compressive strength testing were prepared during field demonstration, and cores of the in situ hardened grout will be recovered after a minimum of 30 days. Additional field demonstration will focus on improving the procedure for placement of the flowable grout.