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Concrete Structures Deteriorated By Delayed Ettringite Formation And Alkali Silica Reactions
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Book Synopsis Concrete Structures Deteriorated by Delayed Ettringite Formation and Alkali-Silica Reactions by : António C. Azevedo
Download or read book Concrete Structures Deteriorated by Delayed Ettringite Formation and Alkali-Silica Reactions written by António C. Azevedo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-14 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the behaviour of isolated concrete bottle-shaped struts affected by internal expansion reactions (ISR). For that purpose, the numerical modelling of damaged concrete was performed using the Concrete Damaged Plasticity Model (CDPM) implemented in ABAQUS and validated the model through Sankovich's tests. A procedure to automatically obtain the concrete plasticity and damage parameters, essential for CDPM, was developed in Matlab. The inputs were the characteristic compressive strength of the concrete, the equivalent length of the finite element mesh and the ratio between the plastic and inelastic compressive strains. The results showed that the CDPM could represent the load-bearing mechanisms of isolated concrete bottle-shaped struts for a range of several stress levels to which these elements may be subjected in the panels investigated. The numerical simulations for different expansion levels consistently captured the expected damage profile of the panels and the load corresponding to the formation of the first crack, the estimated crack opening, and the ultimate load. For the panels investigated, the reduction observed in the failure load reached values close to 70%, the increase of the tensile plastic deformation was more than 60%, and the maximum crack opening can reach an increase of 113% when compared with those observed experimentally in panels without internal swelling reactions The book also offers a systematic review of the current state of knowledge and it is a valuable resource for scientists, students, practitioners, and lecturers in various scientific and engineering disciplines, namely, civil and materials engineering, as well as and other interested parties.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Eric Richard Giannini
Download or read book Evaluation of Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Eric Richard Giannini and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF) are expansive reactions that can lead to the premature deterioration of concrete structures. Both have been implicated in the deterioration of numerous structures around the world, including many transportation structures in Texas. As a result of considerable research advances, ASR and DEF are now avoidable in new construction, but evaluating and managing the existing stock of structures damaged by these mechanisms remains a challenge. While the published guidance for evaluating structures is very effective at diagnosing the presence of ASR and DEF, there remain significant weaknesses with respect to the evaluation of structural safety and serviceability and nondestructive testing (NDT) is a minor component of the evaluation process. The research described in this dissertation involved a wide range of tests on plain and reinforced concrete at multiple scales. This included small cylinders and prisms, larger plain and reinforced concrete specimens in outdoor exposure, full-scale reinforced concrete beams, and core samples from the outdoor exposure specimens and full-scale reinforced concrete beams. Nondestructive test methods were applied at all scales, and the full-scale beams were also tested in four-point flexure to determine the effects of ASR and DEF on flexural strength and serviceability. Severe expansions from ASR and DEF did not reduce the strength of the full-scale beams or result in excessive deflections under live loads, despite significant decreases in the compressive strength and elastic modulus measured from core samples. Most NDT methods were found to be effective at low expansions but had difficulty correlating to larger expansions. Two promising NDT methods have been identified for future research and development, and guidance regarding existing test methods is offered.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Paolo Gardoni
Download or read book Evaluation of Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Paolo Gardoni and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Internal Swelling Reactions in Concrete by : Leandro F. M. Sanchez
Download or read book Internal Swelling Reactions in Concrete written by Leandro F. M. Sanchez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-02-19 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As critical concrete infrastructure deteriorates, engineers need efficient and reliable techniques to appraise the causes and the extent of deterioration, to evaluate the structural consequences and to select effective management protocols and rehabilitation strategies. This book looks at deterioration caused by internal swelling reaction (ISR) mechanisms in concrete, such as alkali-aggregate reaction, delayed ettringite formation and freeze-thaw cycles. The book provides accessible and comprehensive coverage of recent work and developments on the most common ISR mechanisms leading to induced expansion and deterioration. It addresses the implications of ISR on different scales (micro, meso and macro), outlines qualitative and quantitative techniques to assess the condition of affected concrete and introduces the multi-level assessment protocol, using advanced microscopic and mechanical techniques, particularly the stiffness damage test and damage rating index, as a reliable approach to appraise ISR-affected infrastructure. Also included is a detailed case study of the Robert-Bourassa Charest Overpass in Quebec. Internal Swelling Reactions in Concrete: Mechanisms and Condition Assessment is primarily intended for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as academics interested in the field of concrete durability and condition assessment of concrete. It will also be of interest to engineers and infrastructure owners dealing with ISR-related problems.
Book Synopsis Nondestructive Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Kerry Lynn Kreitman
Download or read book Nondestructive Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Kerry Lynn Kreitman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF) deterioration have been a problem for the concrete infrastructure in the state of Texas and around the world in recent decades. A great deal of research into the causes and mechanisms of the deterioration has helped to prevent the formation of ASR and DEF in new construction, but the evaluation and maintenance of existing structures remains a problem. The goal of this research is to investigate the use of several nondestructive testing (NDT) methods to evaluate the level of ASR and DEF deterioration in a structural element. Based on the results, recommendations are made as to which NDT methods have the most potential to be incorporated into the evaluation process.
Book Synopsis Diagnostic of Concrete Samples Affected by Internal Swelling Reactions by : António C. Azevedo
Download or read book Diagnostic of Concrete Samples Affected by Internal Swelling Reactions written by António C. Azevedo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a complete diagnosis of concrete samples collected from a pile cap block of residential buildings affected by internal swelling reactions. Covering an extensive laboratory campaign to evaluate the transport properties of concrete samples, as well as their physical and chemical composition using advanced techniques to analyse cores extracted from real buildings that have concrete elements affected by internal swelling reactions (ISR). It features several rehabilitation procedures, pile caps repair and rehabilitation design, executed using strengthening procedures to provide the complete restoration of the structural integrity of the element deteriorated. These rehabilitation procedures proved to be a good solution to retrofit pile cap deteriorated by expansions due to internal swelling reactions of concrete. The book also offers a systematic review of the current state of knowledge and it is a valuable resource for scientists, students, and practitioners in various scientific and engineering disciplines, namely, civil and materials engineering, as well as and other interested parties.
Book Synopsis Non-destructive Evaluation of In-service Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction (ASR) Or Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) by : Eric R. Giannini
Download or read book Non-destructive Evaluation of In-service Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction (ASR) Or Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) written by Eric R. Giannini and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation in Concrete by : Stacy Bauer
Download or read book Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation in Concrete written by Stacy Bauer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently in Texas, there has been significant damage of field structures resulting from concrete durability problems. Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF), or combinations of the two, have been found to be the main causes of these problems. The term Premature Concrete Deterioration (PCD) has been adopted to refer to problems associated with ASR and DEF because it is often difficult to distinguish between them. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has designated nine mitigation options that are available to prevent or minimize PCD-related problems. Research is currently underway to document the performance of concrete using these mitigation options in the laboratory and in the field. One of the objectives of this research is to review the state of the art regarding ASR and DEF, with particular attention to mechanisms of damage, appropriate test methods, specifications, and performance-related issues.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Secondary Ettringite Formation on the Durability of Concrete by : Robert L. Day
Download or read book The Effect of Secondary Ettringite Formation on the Durability of Concrete written by Robert L. Day and published by Portland Cement Association. This book was released on 1992 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report comprises a review and analysis of the available literature pertaining to the causes, effects and prevention of secondary (delayed) ettringite in concrete . Over 300 publications have been examined . Case studies of damage in concrete possibly caused by secondary ettringite formation are examined first. Fundamental research on secondary ettringite formation, its chemistry, and deposition mechanisms is then reviewed. Key investigations on the topic are analyzed in detail. Next, the potential importance of (a) method of heat-curing and (b) the chemistry of cement is outlined. In the final chapter, a rapid test for evaluation of potential secondary ettringite susceptibility (the "Duggan" test) is evaluated. The analysis indicates that there appears to be a potential for a secondary ettringite formation problem in North America; it is highly probable that secondary ettringite formation can lead to significant deterioration of heat-treated concrete. However, it is unlikely that secondary ettringite formation is, or will be, the sole mechanism responsible for premature deterioration. The critical factors that determine extent of damage due to secondary ettringite formation are (a) duration of delay period before heating the concrete; (b) severity of the heating and/or cooling regime ; and (c) the SO3/A1203 ratio of the cement. There is no evidence that nonheat-treated concrete is susceptible to this phenomenon. Further research and improvements to the Duggan test may result in the development of a useful standard test method to assess the long-term dimensional stability and durability of concrete.
Book Synopsis Laboratory Testing and Investigations of Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Thanos Drimalas
Download or read book Laboratory Testing and Investigations of Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Thanos Drimalas and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delayed ettringite formation (DEF) in concrete structures has recently damaged structures in the state of Texas, which has caused the state to investigate this new type of premature concrete deterioration. The research described in this thesis is part of a comprehensive research project, TxDOT Project 4085. The work described in this thesis focuses primarily on DEF, but also investigates the interplay between DEF and alkali-silica reaction. Significant accelerated laboratory testing was performed, and parallel exposure blocks were cast to evaluate realistic exposure conditions. The research included materials from throughout the state of Texas. The effects of material composition and dosage on DEF were investigated, and several mitigation measures were identified that can prevent DEF-induced expansion, even when concrete is heated above 70 °C. The key findings from this research have been implemented by TxDOT in new state specifications to prevent DEF in prestressed concrete elements.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Deteriorated Concrete in Pavements by : F. MacGregor Miller
Download or read book Investigation of Deteriorated Concrete in Pavements written by F. MacGregor Miller and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that delayed ettringite formation was a cause of the distress shown by a concrete pavement in the Midwest. Another group of investigators had visited the site and obtained core samples of the concrete. The work reported in this paper was done as a supplement to their investigation, using portions of the samples they obtained. Optical microscopy, microanalysis using a scanning electron microscope, wet chemistry, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction were used to examine the concrete. The results showed no distress that could be attributed to delayed ettringite formation. Optical microscopy identified alkali-silica reaction as the primary cause of the distress in portions of the pavement. Ettringite was present in the cracks and air voids, but apparently had been formed opportunistically in the open spaces, and was not associated with any distress. It is possible that frost damage contributed to the distress, but the information and samples available for this study were not sufficient to establish this conclusively.
Book Synopsis Effects from Alkali-silica Reacton and Delayed Ettringite Formation on Reinforced Concrete Column Lap Splices by : Mary Eck
Download or read book Effects from Alkali-silica Reacton and Delayed Ettringite Formation on Reinforced Concrete Column Lap Splices written by Mary Eck and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced concrete bridge columns can deteriorate prematurely due to the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and/or delayed ettringite formation (DEF), causing internal expansion and cracking on the surface of the concrete. The performance of the longitudinal reinforcement lap splice in deteriorated concrete columns is the focus in this research. This thesis presents the results from the deterioration of large-scale specimens constructed and placed in an environment susceptible to ASR/DEF deterioration, the experimental results from four-point and three-point structural load tests, and an analytical model based on bending theory characterizing the specimen behavior during the structural load tests. Fourteen large-scale specimens were constructed, placed in an environment to accelerate the ASR/DEF deterioration mechanisms, and instrumented both internally and externally to measure the internal concrete expansions, and surface expansions and crack widths. In addition, two control specimens were constructed and kept in a laboratory, preventing ASR/DEF deterioration. Post-tensioning was used to simulate axial load on a bridge column. Structural load tests were performed on eight specimens with no ASR/DEF damage to late stage ASR and minimal DEF damage. Comparing the specimen behaviors during the loading testing, it was found that the yield strength increased about 5-15%, and post-cracking stiffness up to first yielding of the deteriorated specimens was about 25-35% stiffer than the control specimens. The increased specimen strength and stiffness likely occurred from volumetric expansion due to ASR/DEF damage which engaged the reinforcement, further confining the concrete and causing a beneficial increase in the axial post-tensioning load. The analytical model matched the control specimens well and matched the non-control specimens when the axial load was increased.
Download or read book Ettringite written by Bernard Erlin and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ettringite Formation and the Performance of Concrete by :
Download or read book Ettringite Formation and the Performance of Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete by : Leandro F. M. Sanchez
Download or read book Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete written by Leandro F. M. Sanchez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Lightweight Fine Aggregate on Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation by :
Download or read book The Effect of Lightweight Fine Aggregate on Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete by : Ian Sims
Download or read book Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete written by Ian Sims and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-01 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete: A World Review is unique in providing authoritative and up to date expert information on the causes and effects of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (AAR) in concrete structures worldwide. In 1992 a first edition entitled The Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete, edited by Professor Narayan Swamy, was published in a first attempt to cover this concrete problem from a global perspective, but the coverage was incomplete. This completely new edition offers a fully updated and more universal coverage of the world situation concerning AAR and includes a wealth of new evidence and research information that has accumulated in the intervening years. Although there are various textbooks offering readers sections that deal with AAR deterioration and damage to concrete, no other single book brings together the views of recognised international experts in the field, and the wealth of scattered research information that is available. It provides a ‘state of the art’ review and deals authoritatively with the mechanisms of AAR, its diagnosis and how to treat concrete affected by AAR. It is illustrated by numerous actual examples from around the world, and comprises specialist contributions provided by senior engineers and scientists from many parts of the world. The book is divided into two distinct but complementary parts. The first five chapters deal with the most recent findings concerning the mechanisms involved in the reaction, methods concerning its diagnosis, testing and evaluation, together with an appraisal of current methods used in its avoidance and in the remediation of affected concrete structures. The second part is divided into eleven chapters covering each region of the world in turn. These chapters have been written by experts with specialist knowledge of AAR in the countries involved and include an authoritative appraisal of the problem and its solution as it affects concrete structures in the region. Such an authoritative compilation of information on AAR has not been attempted previously on this scale and this work is therefore an essential source for practising and research civil engineers, consultant engineers and materials scientists, as well as aggregate and cement producers, designers and concrete suppliers, especially regarding projects outside their own region.
