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Concise International Chemical Assessment Document
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Download or read book Coal Tar Creosote written by C. Melber and published by WHO. This book was released on 2004 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On cover: IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
Book Synopsis Concise International Chemical Assessment Document by :
Download or read book Concise International Chemical Assessment Document written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chloroform written by Peter Watts and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004-10-08 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chloroform is a clear, colourless, volatile liquid which is used in the production of refrigerants and as a fluoropolymer feedstock. It may be released into the environment from chlorodifluoromethane plants and from pulp and paper mills using chlorine-based chemicals for bleaching and disinfection purposes. Chloroform is also the principal by-product of water disinfectant processes. It is estimated that the vast majority of chloroform emissions into the environment are natural in origin. This publication, part of a series from the International Programme on Chemical Safety, evaluates the risk to human health and the environment posed by exposures to chloroform.
Book Synopsis Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate by : Axel Wibbertmann
Download or read book Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate written by Axel Wibbertmann and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise assessment of the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. Benzoic acid is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of several compounds, including phenol and caprolactam. The compound is increasingly used in the production of diethylene and dipropylene glycol dibenzoate plasticizers in adhesive formulations, and to improve the properties of alkyd resins for paints and coatings. Most releases of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate into the environment result from their use as preservatives in food, beverages, mouthwashes, dentifrices, and cosmetics. For sodium benzoate, the largest use is as an anticorrosive added to antifreeze coolants. Processed foodstuffs and soft drinks are considered the main sources of exposure for the general population. Concerning behavior in the environment, both compounds are readily biodegraded under aerobic conditions and are unlikely to bioaccumulate. In laboratory animals, exposure to high concentrations caused weight gain and adverse effects on the central nervous system, liver, and kidney. While data are limited, studies suggest that the compounds do not cause adverse effects on development or reproduction and are not carcinogenic. In humans, reports of adverse effects are largely confined to cases of urticaria, asthma, rhinitis, and anaphylactic shock following oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure to these compounds, including for medical purposes. No evaluation of long-term effects on health was possible in view of the limited data available
Book Synopsis Butyl Benzyl Phthalate by : M. E. Meek
Download or read book Butyl Benzyl Phthalate written by M. E. Meek and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise assessment of the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP). This chemical is mainly used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride for vinyl floor tiles, vinyl foams, and carpet backing. Smaller quantities are used in the production of cellulose, plastics and polyurethane. Releases to the environment may occur during manufacturing, from products containing BBP from municipal landfills, in exhaust gases from automobiles, and from combustion of refuse. Most environmental release is to the air, where BBP is removed by photooxidation and rainwater. The chemical is readily biodegraded in surface water sediment and soil. Most studies of exposure of the general population have concentrated on levels in indoor air and in foods stored in packaging containing BBP. The low levels detected support the conclusion that exposures via air drinking-water, and soil are negligible.
Book Synopsis 1,2-diaminoethane (ethylenediamine) by : R. Cary
Download or read book 1,2-diaminoethane (ethylenediamine) written by R. Cary and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise assessment of the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to 1 2-diaminoethane. Commonly known as ethylenediamine (EDA), this compound is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of tetraacetyl ethylenediamine ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) organic flocculants urea resins and fatty bisamides. Its use in photography chemicals may also contribute to its presence in the environment. Concerning environmental behavior, studies indicate rapid biodegradation; bioaccumulation is judged unlikely. Although data on environmental levels and human exposure are extremely limited, the report notes that the production of formulations using EDA usually takes place in well-ventilated enclosed systems thus reducing the potential for occupational exposure via inhalation. Studies conducted in experimental animals show moderate acute toxicity. Findings support the conclusion that EDA is a skin irritant and a skin sensitizer. Data were judged inadequate to support an assessment of mutagenic potential. The report found no evidence of carcinogenicity in animal studies. Although non-neoplastic effects on the liver have been reported, the significance of these findings for human health remains uncertain.
Book Synopsis Inorganic Chromium(III) Compounds by : Tiina Santonen
Download or read book Inorganic Chromium(III) Compounds written by Tiina Santonen and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document on inorganic chromium (III) compounds provides summaries of the relevant scientific information concerning the potential effects of these chemicals upon human health and/or the environment. Chemical safety cards on the most common inorganic trivalent chromium compounds are reproduced in this document.
Book Synopsis Polychlorinated Biphenyls by : Obaid Faroon
Download or read book Polychlorinated Biphenyls written by Obaid Faroon and published by WHO. This book was released on 2003 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds, produced commercially since 1929 for use in a variety of products including plastics and adhesives, surface coatings, inks, flame retardants, pesticides and paints. PCBs are environmentally persistent, and accumulate in the food chain. They are designated by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants as persistent pollutants, and many countries have severely restricted or banned the production of PCBs. This report evaluates the effects of PCBs on human health, caused due to exposure by inhaling contaminated air or ingesting contaminated food and water.
Book Synopsis Elemental Mercury and Inorganic Mercury Compounds by : J. Risher
Download or read book Elemental Mercury and Inorganic Mercury Compounds written by J. Risher and published by WHO. This book was released on 2003 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On cover: IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. Published under the joint sponsorship of WHO, the United Nations Environment Programme, and the International Labour Organization and produced within the framework of the Inter-organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IPCS).
Download or read book Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanides written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 1,3-butadiene written by K. Hughes and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 3-Butadiene is a product of incomplete combustion resulting from natural processes and human activity. It is also an industrial chemical used primarily in the production of polymers. It enters the environment from exhaust emissions from gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles, from non-transportation fuel combustion, from biomass combustion and from industrial on-site uses. The highest atmospheric concentrations have been measured in air in cities and close to industrial sources. In this volume the risks to human health and the environment of this chemical are assessed. The general population is exposed to 1 3-Butadiene primarily through ambient and indoor air. Tobacco smoke may contribute significant amounts of 1 3-Butadiene. The available epidemiological and toxicological data provide evidence that 1 3-Butadiene is carcinogenic in humans and may also be genotoxic in humans.
Book Synopsis Chlorine Dioxide (gas) by : Stuart Dobson
Download or read book Chlorine Dioxide (gas) written by Stuart Dobson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) exists as a greenish yellow to orange gas at room temperature. It is used in the paper and pulp bleaching industries as a sterilizing agent, in hospitals as a biocide in water treatment, and as an improving agent in flour. This document focuses on exposures via routes relevant to occupational settings principally related to the production of chlorine dioxide, but also contains environmental information. The health effects and environmental fate and effects of chlorine dioxide used in the treatment of drinking-water, together with those of halogenated organics produced by the interaction between the disinfectant and other materials present in the water are covered in a recent Environmental Health Criteria publication (EHC No. 216 2000) and are not dealt with in detail here. Chlorine dioxide is an irritant and it seems likely that health effects would be restricted to local responses. The few ecotoxicity data available show that chlorine dioxide can be highly toxic to aquatic organisms.
Download or read book Glyoxal written by J. Kielhorn and published by WHO. This book was released on 2004 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication, part of a series from the International Programme on Chemical Safety, evaluates the risk to human health and the environment posed by exposures to glyoxal. Glyoxal is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs, as a cross-linking agent in the production of a range of different polymers, as a biocide, and as a disinfecting agent. It is frequently detected in fermented food and beverages since it is produced by microbial activity as well as non-enzymatic autoxidation of oil or browning reactions of saccharides.
Book Synopsis Mutagenic Impurities by : Andrew Teasdale
Download or read book Mutagenic Impurities written by Andrew Teasdale and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-02-15 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to implement effective control measures for mutagenic impurities in pharmaceutical development In Mutagenic Impurities: Strategies for Identification and Control, distinguished chemist Andrew Teasdale delivers a thorough examination of mutagenic impurities and their impact on the pharmaceutical industry. The book incorporates the adoption of the ICH M7 guideline and focuses on mutagenic impurities from both a toxicological and analytical perspective. The editor has created a primary reference for any professional or student studying or working with mutagenic impurities and offers readers a definitive narrative of applicable guidelines and practical, tested solutions. It demonstrates the development of effective control measures, including chapters on the purge tool for risk assessment. The book incorporates a discussion of N-Nitrosamines which was arguably the largest mutagenic impurity issue ever faced by the pharmaceutical industry, resulting in the recall of Zantac and similar drugs resulting from N-Nitrosamine contamination. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the development of regulatory guidelines for mutagenic and genotoxic impurities, including a historical perspective on the development of the EMEA guidelines and the ICH M7 guideline An exploration of in silico assessment of mutagenicity, including use of structure activity relationship evaluation as a tool in the evaluation of the genotoxic potential of impurities A discussion of a toxicological perspective on mutagenic impurities, including the assessment of mutagenicity and examining the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of common synthetic reagents Perfect for chemists, analysts, and regulatory professionals, Mutagenic Impurities: Strategies for Identification and Control will also earn a place in the libraries of toxicologists and clinical safety scientists seeking a one-stop reference on the subject of mutagenic impurity identification and control.
Book Synopsis Hazardous Chemicals by : T.S.S. Dikshith
Download or read book Hazardous Chemicals written by T.S.S. Dikshith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An easily accessible guide to scientific information, Hazardous Chemicals: Safety Management and Global Regulations covers proper management, precautions, and related global regulations on the safety management of chemical substances. The book helps workers and safety personnel prevent and minimize the consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive chemical substances, which often result in toxic or explosive hazards. It also details safety measures for transportation of chemical substances by different routes, such as by road, rail, air, and sea. Discusses different aspects of potentially toxic and hazardous chemicals in simple and comprehensive language Provides toxicity and health effects of chemicals in simple, nontechnical language Covers scientific information on hazardous and potentially dangerous chemical substances at workplaces Offers fundamental knowledge about the biological and health effects of hazardous and potentially toxic chemicals in a comprehensive way Includes recent developments on safety management of hazardous and potentially toxic chemicals and related global regulations The author discusses the importance of knowledge in avoiding negligence during the use and handling of hazardous chemical substances. He stresses the importance of proper management and judicious application of each chemical substance irrespective of the workplace and eventually shows how safety and protection of the user, workplace, and the living environment can be achieved.
Book Synopsis Iodine and Inorganic Iodides by : J. Risher
Download or read book Iodine and Inorganic Iodides written by J. Risher and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iodine is a naturally occurring element and inorganic iodines found in the ocean accumulate in fish, shellfish and seaweed. Industrially iodine is used in many applications including the manufacture of inks, dyes, photographic agents and in water-purification. In the health-care industry, iodine is widely used as a disinfectant/biocide and in the production of soaps, bandages, and medicines. Iodine is also included as a salt in some countries to provide dietary supplementation. This Concise International Chemical Assessment Document (CICAD) evaluates the scientific literature on the health aspects of iodine and inorganic iodides. Its focus is on the health effects from environmental exposures beyond those associated with the diet and nutritional supplementation. Radioactive iodine isotopes are regarded as outside the scope of the document.
Book Synopsis Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals by : Elsa Nielsen
Download or read book Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals written by Elsa Nielsen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike many existing books on toxicology that cover either toxicity of a particular substance or toxicity of chemicals on particular organ systems, Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals: A Practical Guide lays out the principle activities of conducting a toxicological risk assessment, including international approaches and methods for the risk
