Conciliation in the Qurʾan

Download Conciliation in the Qurʾan PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110747340
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Conciliation in the Qurʾan by : Shafi Fazaluddin

Download or read book Conciliation in the Qurʾan written by Shafi Fazaluddin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-02-07 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conciliation in the Qurʾan addresses an existing imbalanced focus in Islamic Studies on conflict in the Qurʾan, and moves beyond a restrictive approach to ṣulḥ (reconciliation) as a mediation process in fragmented social contexts. The book offers a critical analysis of conciliation as a holistic concept in the Qurʾan, providing linguistic and structural insight based on the renowned pre-modern Arabic exegesis of Al-Rāzī (d. 1209) and the under-studied contemporary Urdu exegesis of Iṣlāḥī (d. 1997). This ambitious thematic study of the entire Qurʾan includes an innovative examination of the central ethical notion of iḥsān (gracious conduct), and a challenging discussion of notorious passages relating to conflict. The author offers solutions to unresolved issues such as the significance of the notion of iṣlāḥ (order), the relationship between conciliation and justice, and the structural and thematic significance of Q.48 (Sūrat Al-Fatḥ) and Q.49 (Sūrat Al-Ḥujurāt). Conciliation in the Qurʾan offers a compelling argument for the prevalence of conciliation in the Islamic scripture, and will be an essential read for practitioners in Islamic studies, community integration, conflict-resolution, interfaith dialogue and social justice.

Conciliation in the Qurʾan

Download Conciliation in the Qurʾan PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110747464
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Conciliation in the Qurʾan by : Shafi Fazaluddin

Download or read book Conciliation in the Qurʾan written by Shafi Fazaluddin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-02-07 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conciliation in the Qurʾan addresses an existing imbalanced focus in Islamic Studies on conflict in the Qurʾan, and moves beyond a restrictive approach to ṣulḥ (reconciliation) as a mediation process in fragmented social contexts. The book offers a critical analysis of conciliation as a holistic concept in the Qurʾan, providing linguistic and structural insight based on the renowned pre-modern Arabic exegesis of Al-Rāzī (d. 1209) and the under-studied contemporary Urdu exegesis of Iṣlāḥī (d. 1997). This ambitious thematic study of the entire Qurʾan includes an innovative examination of the central ethical notion of iḥsān (gracious conduct), and a challenging discussion of notorious passages relating to conflict. The author offers solutions to unresolved issues such as the significance of the notion of iṣlāḥ (order), the relationship between conciliation and justice, and the structural and thematic significance of Q.48 (Sūrat Al-Fatḥ) and Q.49 (Sūrat Al-Ḥujurāt). Conciliation in the Qurʾan offers a compelling argument for the prevalence of conciliation in the Islamic scripture, and will be an essential read for practitioners in Islamic studies, community integration, conflict-resolution, interfaith dialogue and social justice.

Islamic Law and International Law

Download Islamic Law and International Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190064633
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Islamic Law and International Law by : Emilia Justyna Powell

Download or read book Islamic Law and International Law written by Emilia Justyna Powell and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Islamic Law and International Law is a comprehensive examination of differences and similarities between the Islamic legal tradition and international law, especially in the context of dispute settlement. Sharia embraces a unique logic and culture of justice--based on nonconfrontational dispute resolution--as taught by the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad. This book explains how the creeds of Islamic dispute resolution shape the Islamic milieu's views of international law. Is the Islamic legal tradition ab initio incompatible with international law, and how do states of the Islamic milieu view international courts, mediation, and arbitration? Islamic law constitutes an important part of the domestic legal system in many states of the Islamic milieu--Islamic law states--displacing secular law in state governance and affecting these states' contemporary international dealings. The book analyzes constitutional and subconstitutional laws in Islamic law states. The answer to the "Islamic law-international law nexus puzzle" lies in the diversity of how secular laws and religious laws fuse in domestic legal systems across the Islamic milieu. These states are not Islamic to the same degree or in the same way. Thus, different international conflict management methods appeal to different states, depending on each one's domestic legal system. The main claim of the book is that in many instances the Islamic legal tradition points in one direction while Western-based, secularized international law points in another direction. This conflict is partially softened by the reality that the Islamic legal tradition itself has elements fundamentally compatible with modern international law. Islamic legal tradition, international law, sharia settlement, peaceful dispute resolution"--

The Qur'an & Modern Science: Compatible or Incompatible?

Download The Qur'an & Modern Science: Compatible or Incompatible? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Peace Vision
ISBN 13 : 9960984931
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (69 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Qur'an & Modern Science: Compatible or Incompatible? by : Zakir Naik

Download or read book The Qur'an & Modern Science: Compatible or Incompatible? written by Zakir Naik and published by Peace Vision. This book was released on 2007 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the dawn of human life on this planet, Man has always sought to understand Nature, his own place in the scheme of Creation and the purpose of Life itself. In this quest for Truth, spanning many centuries and diverse civilizations, organized religion has shaped human life and determined to a large extent, the course of history. While some religions have been based on books, claimed by their adherents to be divinely inspired, others have relied solely on human experience. Al-Qur’aan, the main source of the Islamic faith, is a book believed by Muslims, to be of completely Divine origin. Muslims also believe that it contains guidance for all mankind. Since the message of the Qur’aan is believed to be for all times, it should be relevant to every age. Does the Qur’aan pass this test? In this booklet, I intend to give an objective analysis...

Arabs and Israel

Download Arabs and Israel PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Adam Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9788174355102
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (551 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Arabs and Israel by : Ahmed Deedat

Download or read book Arabs and Israel written by Ahmed Deedat and published by Adam Publishers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Muslim/Arab Mediation and Conflict Resolution

Download Muslim/Arab Mediation and Conflict Resolution PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317289358
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Muslim/Arab Mediation and Conflict Resolution by : Doron Pely

Download or read book Muslim/Arab Mediation and Conflict Resolution written by Doron Pely and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-05 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inter- and intra-clan conflicts in Northern Israel pit hundreds against each other in revenge cycles that take years to resolve and impact the entire community. The Sulha is a Shari’a-based traditional conflict resolution process that works independently of formal legal systems and is widely practiced to manage such conflicts in the north of Israel, as well as throughout the Muslim and Arab worlds. The Sulha process works by effecting a gradual attitudinal transformation, from a desire for revenge to a willingness to forgive, through restoration of the victim’s clan sense of honour. Muslim/Arab Mediation and Conflict Resolution examines the process of Sulha, as practiced by the Arab population of northern Israel, where it plays a central role in the maintenance of peace among Muslims, Christians, and Druze alike. It presents detailed analysis of every stage of this at times protracted process. It uses interviews with victims, perpetrators, Sulha practitioners, community leaders and lawyers, along with statistical analysis to examine how Sulha affects people’s lives, how various sectors of society impact the practice, and how it coexists with Israel’s formal legal system. Furthermore, it examines how Sulha compares to Western dispute resolution processes. This book offers the first comprehensive exploration of the entire Sulha process, and is a valuable resource for students and scholars of Middle East studies, Islamic studies and conflict resolution.

A Perspective on the Signs of Al-Quran

Download A Perspective on the Signs of Al-Quran PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Saeed Malik
ISBN 13 : 1439239622
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (392 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Perspective on the Signs of Al-Quran by : Saeed Malik

Download or read book A Perspective on the Signs of Al-Quran written by Saeed Malik and published by Saeed Malik. This book was released on 2010-10-02 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is clear in every page of this brilliant work that it was written from a heartfelt perspective. A must read for every student of life, love, spirituality, and of course the Quran."--Whitney Cannon, founder Taleef Collective, Fremont, California.

Reconciliation

Download Reconciliation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 006180956X
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (618 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reconciliation by : Benazir Bhutto

Download or read book Reconciliation written by Benazir Bhutto and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2009-10-13 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benazir Bhutto returned to Pakistan in October 2007, after eight years of exile, hopeful that she could be a catalyst for change. Upon a tumultuous reception, she survived a suicide-bomb attack that killed nearly two hundred of her countrymen. But she continued to forge ahead, with more courage and conviction than ever, since she knew that time was running out—for the future of her nation, and for her life. In Reconciliation, Bhutto recounts in gripping detail her final months in Pakistan and offers a bold new agenda for how to stem the tide of Islamic radicalism and to rediscover the values of tolerance and justice that lie at the heart of her religion. With extremist Islam on the rise throughout the world, the peaceful, pluralistic message of Islam has been exploited and manipulated by fanatics. Bhutto persuasively argues that America and Britain are fueling this turn toward radicalization by supporting groups that serve only short-term interests. She believed that by enabling dictators, the West was actually contributing to the frustration and extremism that lead to terrorism. With her experience governing Pakistan and living and studying in the West, Benazir Bhutto was versed in the complexities of the conflict from both sides. She was a renaissance woman who offered a way out. In this riveting and deeply insightful book, Bhutto explores the complicated history between the Middle East and the West. She traces the roots of international terrorism across the world, including American support for Pakistani general Zia-ul-Haq, who destroyed political parties, eliminated an independent judiciary, marginalized NGOs, suspended the protection of human rights, and aligned Pakistani intelligence agencies with the most radical elements of the Afghan mujahideen. She speaks out not just to the West, but to the Muslims across the globe who are at a crossroads between the past and the future, between education and ignorance, between peace and terrorism, and between dictatorship and democracy. Democracy and Islam are not incompatible, and the clash between Islam and the West is not inevitable. Bhutto presents an image of modern Islam that defies the negative caricatures often seen in the West. After reading this book, it will become even clearer what the world has lost by her assassination.

Hidden Truths in Gods Word

Download Hidden Truths in Gods Word PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781502542878
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (428 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hidden Truths in Gods Word by : Sayyid Mujtaba Musavi Lari

Download or read book Hidden Truths in Gods Word written by Sayyid Mujtaba Musavi Lari and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-09-29 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is one of the many Islamic publications distributed by Talee throughout the world in different languages with the aim of conveying the message of Islam to the people of the world. Talee (www.talee.org) is a registered Organization that operates and is sustained through collaborative efforts of volunteers in many countries around the world, and it welcomes your involvement and support. Its objectives are numerous, yet its main goal is to spread the truth about the Islamic faith in general and the Shi`a School of Thought in particular due to the latter being misrepresented, misunderstood and its tenets often assaulted by many ignorant folks, Muslims and non-Muslims.Organization's purpose is to facilitate the dissemination of knowledge through a global medium, the Internet, to locations where such resources are not commonly or easily accessible or are resented, resisted and fought! In addition, Talee aims at encouraging scholarship, research and enquiry through the use of technological facilitates. For a complete list of our published books please refer to our website (www.talee.org) or send us an email to [email protected]

Islamic Law and International Law

Download Islamic Law and International Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190064641
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Islamic Law and International Law by : Emilia Justyna Powell

Download or read book Islamic Law and International Law written by Emilia Justyna Powell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-18 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are twenty-nine Islamic law states (ILS) in the world today, and their Muslim population is over 900 million. Muslims in these countries--and, to some extent, all Muslims--are ethically, morally, doctrinally, or politically committed to the Islamic legal tradition, a unique logic and culture of justice based on nonconfrontational dispute resolution. In Islamic Law and International Law, Emilia Justyna Powell examines the differences and similarities between the Islamic legal tradition and international law, focusing in particular on the issue of conflict management and resolution. In many Islamic Law States, Islamic law displaces secular law in state governance and shapes these countries' international dealings. Powell considers why some of Islamic Law States accept international courts while others avoid them, stressing throughout that we cannot make blanket claims about such states. Each relationship is context-specific, hinging on the nature of the domestic legal system. Moreover, not all of these states are Islamic to the same degree or in the same way. Secular law and religious law fuse in different ways in different domestic legal systems. Often, the Islamic legal tradition points in one direction, while the Western-based, secularized international law points in another. However, Powell argues that Islamic legal tradition contains elements that are compatible with modern international law. She marshals original data on the legal systems structures in thirty Islamic Law States over the entire course of the post-World War Two era, and she draws from in-depth interviews with Islamic law scholars and leading practitioners of international law, including judges of the International Court of Justice. Rich in empirical evidence, this book will reshape how we think about the relationship between ILS and the international system.

Crescent and Dove

Download Crescent and Dove PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : US Institute of Peace Press
ISBN 13 : 1601270607
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (12 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Crescent and Dove by : Qamar-ul Huda

Download or read book Crescent and Dove written by Qamar-ul Huda and published by US Institute of Peace Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crescent and Dove looks at the relationship between contemporary Islam and peacemaking by tackling the diverse interpretations, concepts, and problems in the field of Islamic peacemaking. It addresses both theory and practice by delving into the intellectual heritage of Islam to discuss historical examples of addressing conflict in Islam and exploring the practical challenges of contemporary peacemaking in Arab countries, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and Indonesia.

Heart Softeners

Download Heart Softeners PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780615707396
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (73 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Heart Softeners by : Shaykh Muhammad Ibn Salih Al-Uthaymeen

Download or read book Heart Softeners written by Shaykh Muhammad Ibn Salih Al-Uthaymeen and published by . This book was released on 2018-11 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful and Most Compassionate. Praise to the One Who completed this religion and sent guidance through His Messenger salAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam. To begin: Every so often our daily lives preoccupy us and turn us away from Allah's promise. When we walk out of our homes, turn on the radio, TV, or Internet, we are distracted by the evils we see and hear. As result of immorality and unashamed disobedience, our hearts grow hard and distant from Allah and His Messenger's call. We know the message of Islam is true, but we are weak due to the rigidity of our heart, spirit and mind. In times like these, we need something to penetrate that stiffness. We need a remedy to soften that hardness and the inflexibility of our choices. Disunity and harshness afflicts this Ummah today. Consequently, many people have turned away from brotherhood, caring, and even Islam itself. Their hearts have transformed into dwellings of complete hatred for a sinner, disdain toward the weak Muslim, and jealousy of their successful brother or sister.I have selected some ahaadeeth from the most authentic book after the Qur'aan to soften the hearts in our chests. I used Shaykh Muhammad ibn Saalih Al-'Uthaymeen's explanations for the ahaadeeth selected. The ahaadeeth selected come from a book in Imam Al-Bukhari's collection titled Riqaq: Heart Softeners. This chapter brings tears to one's eyes, fear to one's mind, and most importantly it diminishes the rigidity in one's heart. I ask Allah to make the translation and compilation solely for His pleasure. I pray to Allah for acceptance of this deed and His mercy in the Hereafter.Abu Aaliyah Abdullah ibn Dwight Battle Ramadan 18th, 1433Doha, Qatar (c)

Approaching the Qur'an

Download Approaching the Qur'an PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0861546792
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Approaching the Qur'an by : Michael Sells

Download or read book Approaching the Qur'an written by Michael Sells and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2023-10-05 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approaching the Qur’an presents brilliant translations of the short, hymnic chapters, or Suras, associated with the first revelations to the Prophet Muhammad. These early Suras contain some of the most powerful, prophetic, and revelatory passages in religious history, offering the vision of a meaningful and just life that anchors the faith of one fifth of the world’s inhabitants. In addition to these translations, Michael Sells provides an introduction to the Qur’an, commentaries on the Suras, a glossary of technical terms, and discussions of the auditory nature and gender aspects of the Arabic text. An ideal resource for students and interested lay readers, this third edition also includes a new full Sura and associated commentary, a new preface, and a thoroughly updated bibliography.

Barren Women

Download Barren Women PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311059658X
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Barren Women by : Sara Verskin

Download or read book Barren Women written by Sara Verskin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barren Women is the first scholarly book to explore the ramifications of being infertile in the medieval Arab-Islamic world. Through an examination of legal texts, medical treatises, and works of religious preaching, Sara Verskin illuminates how attitudes toward mixed-gender interactions; legal theories pertaining to marriage, divorce, and inheritance; and scientific theories of reproduction contoured the intellectual and social landscape infertile women had to navigate. In so doing, she highlights underappreciated vulnerabilities and opportunities for women’s autonomy within the system of Islamic family law, and explores the diverse marketplace of medical ideas in the medieval world and the perceived connection between women’s health practices and religious heterodoxy. Featuring copious translations of primary sources and minimal theoretical jargon, Barren Women provides a multidimensional perspective on the experience of infertility, while also enhancing our understanding of institutions and modes of thought which played significant roles in shaping women’s lives more broadly. This monograph has been awarded the annual BRAIS – De Gruyter Prize in the Study of Islam and the Muslim World.

A Modern Approach to Islam

Download A Modern Approach to Islam PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Modern Approach to Islam by : Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee

Download or read book A Modern Approach to Islam written by Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2008 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic work, written by one of the greatest modern scholars of Islamic law, focuses on the need for a reinterpretation of Islamic jurisprudence and for a rediscovery of its original philosophy. Fyzee presents a fresh critique of Islam based on historical, scientific, and comparative principles. He contends that rules of law can be modified in modern times for the purpose of healthy reforms without compromising on the essential sprit of Islam. In an introduction written especially for this edition, Saiyid Hamid widens the scope of the discussion and shows the books significance for todays world where misunderstandings about Islam abound. Drawing from the works of contemporary scholars, as well as of those from earlier periods, he brings to light essential concepts in Islamic thought -- reason, the spirit of inquiry, social justice, mercy, non-aggression, and individual responsibility.

Before Sufism

Download Before Sufism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110617714
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Before Sufism by : Christopher Melchert

Download or read book Before Sufism written by Christopher Melchert and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christopher Melchert proposes to historicize Islamic renunciant piety (zuhd). As the conquest period wound down in the early eighth century c.e., renunciants set out to maintain the contempt of worldly comfort and loyalty to a greater cause that had characterized the community of Muslims in the seventh century. Instead of reckless endangerment on the battlefield, they cultivated intense fear of the Last Judgement to come. They spent nights weeping, reciting the Qur’an, and performing supererogatory ritual prayers. They stressed other-worldliness to the extent of minimizing good works in this world. Then the decline of tribute from the conquered peoples and conversion to Islam made it increasingly unfeasible for most Muslims to keep up any such régime. Professional differentiation also provoked increasing criticism of austerity. Finally, in the later ninth century, a form of Sufism emerged that would accommodate those willing and able to spend most of their time on religious devotions, those willing and able to spend their time on other religious pursuits such as law and hadith, and those unwilling or unable to do either.

Morality in the Quran: The Greater Good of Humanity

Download Morality in the Quran: The Greater Good of Humanity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Claritas Books
ISBN 13 : 1905837771
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (58 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Morality in the Quran: The Greater Good of Humanity by : Muhammad Abdullah Draz

Download or read book Morality in the Quran: The Greater Good of Humanity written by Muhammad Abdullah Draz and published by Claritas Books . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Muhammad Abdullah Draz (1894-1958) is often referred to as ‘the teacher of the teachers’ and in ‘a league of his own.’ He is one of the most important Islamic and Azhari scholars of the past century and has made significant contributions to contemporary Islamic thought – especially in the fields of Quranic and Maqasid (objectives) studies. The original version of this book formed the doctoral dissertation, La Morale du Coran, which earned Muhammad Abdullah Draz a doctorate degree with the highest level of distinction at the Sorbonne, Paris in 1947. The author’s theory of morality presented in this book has not been matched in its originality, integrity and depth – either past or present. Through a thematic interpretation of the Quran, the author proposes the following five critical elements to morality: obligation, responsibility, sanction, intent and effort. Each element plays an indispensable role in the conscience of a believer. The author postulates that every human, possesses a light that enables them to determine good and evil on a fundamental level propelling them towards duty, kindness and charity. It is then asserted that the believer possesses a double light – a deep knowledge that incorporates divine law into our very essence.