Programmed Inequality

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262535181
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Programmed Inequality by : Mar Hicks

Download or read book Programmed Inequality written by Mar Hicks and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This “sobering tale of the real consequences of gender bias” explores how Britain lost its early dominance in computing by systematically discriminating against its most qualified workers: women (Harvard Magazine) In 1944, Britain led the world in electronic computing. By 1974, the British computer industry was all but extinct. What happened in the intervening thirty years holds lessons for all postindustrial superpowers. As Britain struggled to use technology to retain its global power, the nation’s inability to manage its technical labor force hobbled its transition into the information age. In Programmed Inequality, Mar Hicks explores the story of labor feminization and gendered technocracy that undercut British efforts to computerize. That failure sprang from the government’s systematic neglect of its largest trained technical workforce simply because they were women. Women were a hidden engine of growth in high technology from World War II to the 1960s. As computing experienced a gender flip, becoming male-identified in the 1960s and 1970s, labor problems grew into structural ones and gender discrimination caused the nation’s largest computer user—the civil service and sprawling public sector—to make decisions that were disastrous for the British computer industry and the nation as a whole. Drawing on recently opened government files, personal interviews, and the archives of major British computer companies, Programmed Inequality takes aim at the fiction of technological meritocracy. Hicks explains why, even today, possessing technical skill is not enough to ensure that women will rise to the top in science and technology fields. Programmed Inequality shows how the disappearance of women from the field had grave macroeconomic consequences for Britain, and why the United States risks repeating those errors in the twenty-first century.

Network Economics

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475730055
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Network Economics by : Anna Nagurney

Download or read book Network Economics written by Anna Nagurney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the first edition of Network Economics: A Variational Inequality Approach in 1993, there have been many ad vances in both methodological developments, as well as, applications in this field. These have occurred in an environment of an increasingly networked global economy, in which the importance of transportation networks and communication networks is now well-recognized, with net works such as knowledge networks, environmental networks, and finan cial networks receiving growing attention. This edition adds recent research progress in new and evolving ar eas of network economics through common and unifying principles. In addition, it includes dynamic models of traffic, of spatially separated markets, of oligopolistic markets, and of financial markets. In order to expand the range and reach of this material, we have also included a series of problems in an appendix for self-study purposes and for use in the classroom. We note that computational economics has been at the forefront in stimulating the development of mathematical methodologies for the analysis and solution of complex, large-scale problems. The past fifteen years, in particular, have witnessed a dramatic growth of interest in this area. Supported by the increasing availability of data and by advances in computer architectures, the scale and dimensions of problems that can now be handled are unveiling new horizons in both theoretical modeling and policy analysis.

Automating Inequality

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Publisher : St. Martin's Press
ISBN 13 : 1466885963
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (668 download)

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Book Synopsis Automating Inequality by : Virginia Eubanks

Download or read book Automating Inequality written by Virginia Eubanks and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2018-01-23 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WINNER: The 2019 Lillian Smith Book Award, 2018 McGannon Center Book Prize, and shortlisted for the Goddard Riverside Stephan Russo Book Prize for Social Justice Astra Taylor, author of The People's Platform: "The single most important book about technology you will read this year." Dorothy Roberts, author of Killing the Black Body: "A must-read." A powerful investigative look at data-based discrimination?and how technology affects civil and human rights and economic equity The State of Indiana denies one million applications for healthcare, foodstamps and cash benefits in three years—because a new computer system interprets any mistake as “failure to cooperate.” In Los Angeles, an algorithm calculates the comparative vulnerability of tens of thousands of homeless people in order to prioritize them for an inadequate pool of housing resources. In Pittsburgh, a child welfare agency uses a statistical model to try to predict which children might be future victims of abuse or neglect. Since the dawn of the digital age, decision-making in finance, employment, politics, health and human services has undergone revolutionary change. Today, automated systems—rather than humans—control which neighborhoods get policed, which families attain needed resources, and who is investigated for fraud. While we all live under this new regime of data, the most invasive and punitive systems are aimed at the poor. In Automating Inequality, Virginia Eubanks systematically investigates the impacts of data mining, policy algorithms, and predictive risk models on poor and working-class people in America. The book is full of heart-wrenching and eye-opening stories, from a woman in Indiana whose benefits are literally cut off as she lays dying to a family in Pennsylvania in daily fear of losing their daughter because they fit a certain statistical profile. The U.S. has always used its most cutting-edge science and technology to contain, investigate, discipline and punish the destitute. Like the county poorhouse and scientific charity before them, digital tracking and automated decision-making hide poverty from the middle-class public and give the nation the ethical distance it needs to make inhumane choices: which families get food and which starve, who has housing and who remains homeless, and which families are broken up by the state. In the process, they weaken democracy and betray our most cherished national values. This deeply researched and passionate book could not be more timely.

The Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191552356
Total Pages : 768 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality by : Wiemer Salverda

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality written by Wiemer Salverda and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-02-20 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality presents a new and challenging analysis of economic inequality, focusing primarily on economic inequality in highly developed countries. Bringing together the world's top scholars this comprehensive and authoritative volume contains an impressive array of original research on topics ranging from gender to happiness, from poverty to top incomes, and from employers to the welfare state. The authors give their view on the state-of-the-art of scientific research in their fields of expertise and add their own stimulating visions on future research. Ideal as an overview of the latest, cutting-edge research on economic inequality, this is a must have reference for students and researchers alike.

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Mathematics and Computing

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819930804
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Mathematics and Computing by : Debasis Giri

Download or read book Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Mathematics and Computing written by Debasis Giri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features selected papers from the 9th International Conference on Mathematics and Computing (ICMC 2023), organized at BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, India, during 6–8 January 2023. It covers recent advances in the field of mathematics, statistics, and scientific computing. The book presents innovative work by leading academics, researchers, and experts from industry in mathematics, statistics, cryptography, network security, cybersecurity, machine learning, data analytics, and blockchain technology in computer science and information technology.

Computing Statistics under Interval and Fuzzy Uncertainty

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642249043
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Computing Statistics under Interval and Fuzzy Uncertainty by : Hung T. Nguyen

Download or read book Computing Statistics under Interval and Fuzzy Uncertainty written by Hung T. Nguyen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-03 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many practical situations, we are interested in statistics characterizing a population of objects: e.g. in the mean height of people from a certain area. Most algorithms for estimating such statistics assume that the sample values are exact. In practice, sample values come from measurements, and measurements are never absolutely accurate. Sometimes, we know the exact probability distribution of the measurement inaccuracy, but often, we only know the upper bound on this inaccuracy. In this case, we have interval uncertainty: e.g. if the measured value is 1.0, and inaccuracy is bounded by 0.1, then the actual (unknown) value of the quantity can be anywhere between 1.0 - 0.1 = 0.9 and 1.0 + 0.1 = 1.1. In other cases, the values are expert estimates, and we only have fuzzy information about the estimation inaccuracy. This book shows how to compute statistics under such interval and fuzzy uncertainty. The resulting methods are applied to computer science (optimal scheduling of different processors), to information technology (maintaining privacy), to computer engineering (design of computer chips), and to data processing in geosciences, radar imaging, and structural mechanics.

Technology and In/equality

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415230230
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Technology and In/equality by : Sally Wyatt

Download or read book Technology and In/equality written by Sally Wyatt and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a cross-discipline approach to their topic, the authors examine the question of technology's impact on society, examining social, economic, employment, and ethical issues. Individual papers consider the use and control of the Internet; access, democracy, and technology in community television in Canada; issues of equality, access and choice in the transactional television environment; gender and inequality in computer education; and inequality, work and technology in the services sector. The editors and most of the contributors teach in the department of innovation studies at the U. of East London, England. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR

The Inequality Reader

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429963017
Total Pages : 786 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis The Inequality Reader by : David Grusky

Download or read book The Inequality Reader written by David Grusky and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oriented toward the introductory student, The Inequality Reader is the essential textbook for today's undergraduate courses. The editors, David B. Grusky and Szonja Szelenyi, have assembled the most important classic and contemporary readings about how poverty and inequality are generated and how they might be reduced. With thirty new readings, the second edition provides new materials on anti-poverty policies as well as new qualitative readings that make the scholarship more alive, more accessible, and more relevant. Now more than ever, The Inequality Reader is the one-stop compendium of all the must-read pieces, simply the best available introduction to the stratifi cation canon.

Stuck in the Shallow End, updated edition

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262533464
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Stuck in the Shallow End, updated edition by : Jane Margolis

Download or read book Stuck in the Shallow End, updated edition written by Jane Margolis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why so few African American and Latino/a students study computer science: updated edition of a book that reveals the dynamics of inequality in American schools. The number of African Americans and Latino/as receiving undergraduate and advanced degrees in computer science is disproportionately low. And relatively few African American and Latino/a high school students receive the kind of institutional encouragement, educational opportunities, and preparation needed for them to choose computer science as a field of study and profession. In Stuck in the Shallow End, Jane Margolis and coauthors look at the daily experiences of students and teachers in three Los Angeles public high schools: an overcrowded urban high school, a math and science magnet school, and a well-funded school in an affluent neighborhood. They find an insidious “virtual segregation” that maintains inequality. The race gap in computer science, Margolis discovers, is one example of the way students of color are denied a wide range of occupational and educational futures. Stuck in the Shallow End is a story of how inequality is reproduced in America—and how students and teachers, given the necessary tools, can change the system. Since the 2008 publication of Stuck in the Shallow End, the book has found an eager audience among teachers, school administrators, and academics. This updated edition offers a new preface detailing the progress in making computer science accessible to all, a new postscript, and discussion questions (coauthored by Jane Margolis and Joanna Goode).

Combating Inequality

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262045613
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Combating Inequality by : Olivier Blanchard

Download or read book Combating Inequality written by Olivier Blanchard and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading economists and policymakers consider what economic tools are most effective in reversing the rise in inequality. Economic inequality is the defining issue of our time. In the United States, the wealth share of the top 1% has risen from 25% in the late 1970s to around 40% today. The percentage of children earning more than their parents has fallen from 90% in the 1940s to around 50% today. In Combating Inequality, leading economists, many of them current or former policymakers, bring good news: we have the tools to reverse the rise in inequality. In their discussions, they consider which of these tools are the most effective at doing so.

Inequality in the 21st Century

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429979452
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Inequality in the 21st Century by : David Grusky

Download or read book Inequality in the 21st Century written by David Grusky and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides selections from the seminal works of Karl Marx, Max Weber, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman that reveal some of the reasons why class, race, and gender inequalities have proven very adaptive and can flourish even today in the 21st century.

Physics and Computation

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009117106
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Physics and Computation by : Armond Duwell

Download or read book Physics and Computation written by Armond Duwell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element has three main aims. First, it aims to help the reader understand the concept of computation that Turing developed, his corresponding results, and what those results indicate about the limits of computational possibility. Second, it aims to bring the reader up to speed on analyses of computation in physical systems which provide the most general characterizations of what it takes for a physical system to be a computational system. Third, it aims to introduce the reader to some different kinds of quantum computers, describe quantum speedup, and present some explanation sketches of quantum speedup. If successful, this Element will equip the reader with a basic knowledge necessary for pursuing these topics in more detail.

Your Computer Is on Fire

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026253973X
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Your Computer Is on Fire by : Thomas S. Mullaney

Download or read book Your Computer Is on Fire written by Thomas S. Mullaney and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-03-09 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology scholars declare an emergency: attention must be paid to the inequality, marginalization, and biases woven into our technological systems. This book sounds an alarm: we can no longer afford to be lulled into complacency by narratives of techno-utopianism, or even techno-neutrality. We should not be reassured by such soothing generalities as "human error," "virtual reality," or "the cloud." We need to realize that nothing is virtual: everything that "happens online," "virtually," or "autonomously" happens offline first, and often involves human beings whose labor is deliberately kept invisible. Everything is IRL. In Your Computer Is on Fire, technology scholars train a spotlight on the inequality, marginalization, and biases woven into our technological systems.

Soft Computing Applications for Group Decision-making and Consensus Modeling

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319602071
Total Pages : 491 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Soft Computing Applications for Group Decision-making and Consensus Modeling by : Mikael Collan

Download or read book Soft Computing Applications for Group Decision-making and Consensus Modeling written by Mikael Collan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a concise introduction and comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the field of decision-making and consensus modeling, with a special emphasis on fuzzy methods. It consists of a collection of authoritative contributions reporting on the decision-making process from different perspectives: from psychology to social and political sciences, from decision sciences to data mining, and from computational sciences in general, to artificial and computational intelligence and systems. Written as a homage to Mario Fedrizzi for his scholarly achievements, creative ideas and long lasting services to different scientific communities, it introduces key theoretical concepts, describes new models and methods, and discusses a range of promising real-world applications in the field of decision-making science. It is a timely reference guide and a source of inspiration for advanced students and researchers

Your Computer Is on Fire

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262360780
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Your Computer Is on Fire by : Thomas S. Mullaney

Download or read book Your Computer Is on Fire written by Thomas S. Mullaney and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-03-09 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Techno-utopianism is dead: Now is the time to pay attention to the inequality, marginalization, and biases woven into our technological systems. This book sounds an alarm: after decades of being lulled into complacency by narratives of technological utopianism and neutrality, people are waking up to the large-scale consequences of Silicon Valley-led technophilia. This book trains a spotlight on the inequality, marginalization, and biases in our technological systems, showing how they are not just minor bugs to be patched, but part and parcel of ideas that assume technology can fix--and control--society. Contributors Janet Abbate, Ben Allen, Paul N. Edwards, Nathan Ensmenger, Mar Hicks, Halcyon M. Lawrence, Thomas S. Mullaney, Safiya Umoja Noble, Benjamin Peters, Kavita Philip, Sarah T. Roberts, Sreela Sarkar, Corinna Schlombs, Andrea Stanton, Mitali Thakor, Noah Wardrip-Fruin

Inequality, Economic Growth, and Technological Change

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642575943
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Inequality, Economic Growth, and Technological Change by : Volker Grossmann

Download or read book Inequality, Economic Growth, and Technological Change written by Volker Grossmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the relationship between inequality, growth and technological progress. It provides a broad overview of the existing literature and introduces specific, innovative aspects about the impact of inequality and redistribution on growth when growth is driven by human or physical capital investments, as well as the impact of technological progress and accumulation on the distribution of earnings. There is a special focus on the role of social comparison, redistributive taxation and new information technologies for the relationship between inequality and growth. The analytical part of the book mainly consists of endogenous growth models.

Advances in Randomized Parallel Computing

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461332826
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Randomized Parallel Computing by : Panos M. Pardalos

Download or read book Advances in Randomized Parallel Computing written by Panos M. Pardalos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technique of randomization has been employed to solve numerous prob lems of computing both sequentially and in parallel. Examples of randomized algorithms that are asymptotically better than their deterministic counterparts in solving various fundamental problems abound. Randomized algorithms have the advantages of simplicity and better performance both in theory and often in practice. This book is a collection of articles written by renowned experts in the area of randomized parallel computing. A brief introduction to randomized algorithms In the aflalysis of algorithms, at least three different measures of performance can be used: the best case, the worst case, and the average case. Often, the average case run time of an algorithm is much smaller than the worst case. 2 For instance, the worst case run time of Hoare's quicksort is O(n ), whereas its average case run time is only O( n log n). The average case analysis is conducted with an assumption on the input space. The assumption made to arrive at the O( n log n) average run time for quicksort is that each input permutation is equally likely. Clearly, any average case analysis is only as good as how valid the assumption made on the input space is. Randomized algorithms achieve superior performances without making any assumptions on the inputs by making coin flips within the algorithm. Any analysis done of randomized algorithms will be valid for all p0:.sible inputs.