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Competence And Vulnerability In Biomedical Research
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Book Synopsis Competence and Vulnerability in Biomedical Research by : Philip Bielby
Download or read book Competence and Vulnerability in Biomedical Research written by Philip Bielby and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-16 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhanced knowledge of the nature and causes of mental disorder have led increasingly to a need for the recruitment of ‘cognitively vulnerable’ participants in biomedical research. These individuals often fall into the ‘grey area’ between obvious decisional competence and obvious decisional incompetence and, as a result, may not be recognised as having the legal capacity to make such decisions themselves. At the core of the ethical debate surrounding the participation of cognitively vulnerable individuals in research is when, if at all, we should judge them decisionally and legally competent to consent to or refuse research participation on their own behalf and when they should be judged incompetent in this respect. In this book, the author develops a novel justificatory framework for making judgments of decisional competence to consent to biomedical research with reference to five groups of cognitively vulnerable individuals - older children and adolescents, adults with intellectual disabilities, adults with depression, adults with schizophrenia and adults with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. Using this framework, the author argues that we can make morally defensible judgments about the competence or incompetence of a potential participant to give contemporaneous consent to research by having regard to whether a judgment of competence would be more harmful to the ‘generic rights’ of the potential participant than a judgment of incompetence. The argument is also used to justify an account of supported decision-making in research, and applied to evaluate the extent to which this approach is evident in existing ethical guidelines and legal provisions. The book will be of interest to bioethicists as well as psychiatrists and academic medical lawyers interested in normative questions raised by the concepts of competence and capacity.
Book Synopsis Competence and Vulnerability in Biomedical Research (2008). by :
Download or read book Competence and Vulnerability in Biomedical Research (2008). written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Competence of Cognitively Vulnerable Participants to Consent to Biomedical Research by : Philip R. Bielby
Download or read book The Competence of Cognitively Vulnerable Participants to Consent to Biomedical Research written by Philip R. Bielby and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :614 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (327 download)
Book Synopsis The Belmont Report by : United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Download or read book The Belmont Report written by United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ethics and Neuromarketing by : Andrew R. Thomas
Download or read book Ethics and Neuromarketing written by Andrew R. Thomas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-19 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the emerging field of neuromarketing, which, at its core, aims to better understand the impact of marketing stimuli by observing and interpreting human emotions. It includes contributions from leading researchers and practitioners, venturing beyond the tactics and strategies of neuromarketing to consider the ethical implications of applying powerful tools for data collection. The rationale behind neuromarketing is that human decision-making is not primarily a conscious process. Instead, there is increasing evidence that the willingness to buy products and services is an emotional process where the brain uses short cuts to accelerate the decision-making process. At the intersection of economics, neuroscience, consumer behavior, and cognitive psychology, neuromarketing focuses on which emotions are relevant in human decision-making, and uses this knowledge to make marketing more effective. The knowledge is applied in product design; enhancing promotions and advertising, pricing, professional services, and store design; and improving the consumer experience as a whole. The foundation for all of this activity is data gathering and analysis. Like many new processes and innovations, much of neuromarketing is operating far ahead of current governmental compliance and regulation and thus current practices are raising ethical issues. For example, facial recognition software, used to monitor and detect a wide range of micro-expressions, has been tested at several airports—under the guise of security and counterterrorism. To what extent is it acceptable to screen the entire population using these powerful and intrusive techniques without getting passengers’ consent? Citing numerous examples from the public and private sectors, the editors and contributing authors argue that while the United States has catalyzed technological advancements, European companies and governments are more progressive when it comes to defining ethical parameters and developing policies. This book details many of those efforts, and offers rational, constructive approaches to laying an ethical foundation for neuromarketing efforts.
Download or read book Vulnerability written by Henk ten Have and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alongside globalization, the sense of vulnerability among people and populations has increased. We feel vulnerable to disease as new infections spread rapidly across the globe, while disasters and climate change make health increasingly precarious. Moreover, clinical trials of new drugs often exploit vulnerable populations in developing countries that otherwise have no access to healthcare and new genetic technologies make people with disabilities vulnerable to discrimination. Therefore the concept of ‘vulnerability’ has contributed new ideas to the debates about the ethical dimensions of medicine and healthcare. This book explains and elaborates the new concept of vulnerability in today’s bioethics. Firstly, Henk ten Have argues that vulnerability cannot be fully understood within the framework of individual autonomy that dominates mainstream bioethics today: it is often not the individual person who is vulnerable, rather that his or her vulnerability is created through the social and economic conditions in which he or she lives. Contending that the language of vulnerability offers perspectives beyond the traditional autonomy model, this book offers a new approach which will enable bioethics to evolve into a global enterprise. This groundbreaking book critically analyses the concept of vulnerability as a global phenomenon. It will appeal to scholars and students of ethics, bioethics, globalization, healthcare, medical science, medical research, culture, law, and politics.
Book Synopsis Vulnerability by : Catriona Mackenzie
Download or read book Vulnerability written by Catriona Mackenzie and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this volume is to open up reflection on the nature of vulnerability, the responsibilities owed to the vulnerable, who bears these responsibilities, and how they are best fulfilled. In canvassing responses to these questions, the contributors engage with a range of ethical traditions and with issues in contemporary political philosophy and bioethics. Some essays in the volume explore the connections between vulnerability, autonomy, dignity, and justice. Other essays engage with a feminist ethics of care to articulate the relationship between vulnerability, dependence, and care. These theoretical approaches are complemented by detailed examination of vulnerability in specific contexts, including disability; responsibilities to children; intergenerational justice; and care of the elderly. The essays thus address fundamental questions concerning our moral duties to each other as individuals and as citizens. Contributing significantly to the development of an ethics of vulnerability, this volume opens up promising avenues for future research in feminist philosophy, moral and political philosophy, and bioethics.
Book Synopsis The Limits of Consent by : Oonagh Corrigan
Download or read book The Limits of Consent written by Oonagh Corrigan and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-01-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its inception as an international requirement to protect patients and healthy volunteers taking part in medical research, informed consent has become the primary consideration in research ethics. Despite the ubiquity of consent, however, scholars have begun to question its adequacy for contemporary biomedical research. The Limits of Consent explores this issue, reviewing the application of consent to genetic research, clinical trials, and research involving vulnerable populations. For example, in genetic research, information obtained from an autonomous research participant may have significant bearing on the interests of family members who have not consented to the study. This casts doubt on the adequacy of consent for such studies. The Limits of Consent also questions the assumptions that informed consent is essential and that it satisfactorily protects the principle of individual autonomy. It reviews recent empirical studies that challenge the possibility of truly informed consent and highlights the extent to which consent is governed by social norms and expectations. It also investigates how consent might be of secondary importance in some circumstances, for example when a research project appears to protect a public or community interest. Building on these observations, the authors make bold attempts to outline constructive solutions to the problems identified with perspectives from medicine, law, philosophy and sociology. This fascinating and provocative exploration of the limits of informed consent will appeal to ethicists, social scientists, health lawyers, clinical researchers, research ethics committee members, policy makers, and others with an interest in bioethics.
Book Synopsis Acceptable Risk in Biomedical Research by : Sigmund Simonsen
Download or read book Acceptable Risk in Biomedical Research written by Sigmund Simonsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-04 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first major work that addresses a core question in biomedical research: the question of acceptable risk. The acceptable level of risks is regulated by the requirement of proportionality in biomedical research law, which state that the risk and burden to the participant must be in proportion to potential benefits to the participant, society or science. This investigation addresses research on healthy volunteers, children, vulnerable subjects, and includes placebo controlled clinical trials. It represents a major contribution towards clarifying the most central, but also the most controversial and complex issue in biomedical research law and bioethics. The EU Clinical Trial Directive, the Council of Europe’s Oviedo Convention (and its Additional Protocol), and national regulation in member states are covered. It is a relevant work for lawyers and ethicists, and the practical approach makes a valuable tool for researchers and members of research ethics committees supervising biomedical research.
Book Synopsis The Law and Ethics of Dementia by : Charles Foster
Download or read book The Law and Ethics of Dementia written by Charles Foster and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dementia is a topic of enormous human, medical, economic, legal and ethical importance. Its importance grows as more of us live longer. The legal and ethical problems it raises are complex, intertwined and under-discussed. This book brings together contributions from clinicians, lawyers and ethicists – all of them world leaders in the field of dementia – and is a comprehensive, scholarly yet accessible library of all the main (and many of the fringe) perspectives. It begins with the medical facts: what is dementia? Who gets it? What are the current and future therapeutic and palliative options? What are the main challenges for medical and nursing care? The story is then taken up by the ethicists, who grapple with questions such as: is it legitimate to lie to dementia patients if that is a kind thing to do? Who is the person whose memory, preferences and personality have all been transformed by their disease? Should any constraints be placed on the sexual activity of patients? Are GPS tracking devices an unpardonable interference with the patient's freedom? These issues, and many more, are then examined through legal lenses. The book closes with accounts from dementia sufferers and their carers. It is the first and only book of its kind, and the authoritative text. This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's Family Law online service.
Book Synopsis Using Naturally Occurring Data in Qualitative Health Research by : Nikki Kiyimba
Download or read book Using Naturally Occurring Data in Qualitative Health Research written by Nikki Kiyimba and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-10 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly practical resource brings new dimensions to the utility of qualitative data in health research by focusing on naturally occurring data. It examines how naturally occurring data complement interviews and other sources of researcher-generated health data, and takes readers through the steps of identifying, collecting, analyzing, and disseminating these findings in ethical research with real-world relevance. The authors acknowledge the critical importance of evidence-based practice in today’s healthcare landscape and argue for naturally occurring data as a form of practice-based evidence making valued contributions to the field. And chapters evaluate frequently overlooked avenues for naturally occurring data, including media and social media sources, health policy and forensic health contexts, and digital communications. Included in the coverage: · Exploring the benefits and limitations of using naturally occurring data in health research · Considering qualitative approaches that may benefit from using naturally occurring data · Utilizing computer-mediated communications and social media in health · Using naturally occurring data to research vulnerable groups · Reviewing empirical examples of health research using naturally occurring data Using Naturally Occurring Data in Qualitative Health Research makes concepts, methods, and rationales accessible and applicable for readers in the health and mental health fields, among them health administrators, professionals in research methodology, psychology researchers, and practicing and trainee clinicians.
Book Synopsis Ecological Vulnerability by : Katie Woolaston
Download or read book Ecological Vulnerability written by Katie Woolaston and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-06-23 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers novel theoretical responses to the question of how laws and institutions shape the human-wildlife relationship.
Book Synopsis Ethical and Policy Issues in Research Involving Human Participants by : National Bioethics National Bioethics Advisory Commission
Download or read book Ethical and Policy Issues in Research Involving Human Participants written by National Bioethics National Bioethics Advisory Commission and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-17 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting the rights and welfare of those who volunteer to participate in research is a fundamental tenet of ethical research. A great deal of progress has been made in recent decades in changing the culture of research to incorporate more fully this ethical responsibility into protocol design and implementation. In the 1960s and 1970s, a series of scandals concerning social science research and medical research conducted with the sick and the illiterate underlined the need to systematically and rigorously protect individuals in research (Beecher 1966; Faden and Beauchamp 1986; Jones 1981; Katz 1972; Tuskegee Syphilis Study Ad Hoc Advisory Panel 1973). However, the resulting system of protections that evolved out of these rising concerns-although an improvement over past practices-is no longer sufficient. It is a patchwork arrangement associated with the receipt of federal research funding or the regulatory review and approval of new drugs and devices. In addition, it depends on the voluntary cooperation of investigators, research institutions, and professional societies across a wide array of research disciplines. Increasingly, the current system is being viewed as uneven in its ability to simultaneously protect the rights and welfare of research participants and promote ethically responsible research.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Health Research Regulation by : Graeme Laurie
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Health Research Regulation written by Graeme Laurie and published by . This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive reference guide to designing scientifically sound and ethically robust medical research, considering legal, ethical and practical issues.
Book Synopsis Research on Human Subjects by : D.N. Weisstub
Download or read book Research on Human Subjects written by D.N. Weisstub and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1998-10-23 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been serious controversies in the latter part of the 20th century about the roles and functions of scientific and medical research. In whose interests are medical and biomedical experiments conducted and what are the ethical implications of experimentation on subjects unable to give competent consent? From the decades following the Second World War and calls for the global banning of medical research to the cautious return to the notion that in controlled circumstances, medical research on human subjects is in the best interest of the given individual and the broader population, this book addresses the key implications of experimentation on humans. This volume covers major ethical themes within biomedical research providing historical, philosophical, legal and policy reflections on the literature and specific issues in the field of research on human subjects. Focusing on special populations (the elderly, children, prisoners and the cognitively impaired) it represents the most up-to-date review of the special ethical and legal conflicts that arise with relation to experimentation on subjects from these groups. In the light of current initiatives for law reform pertaining to research ethics the world over, this volume provides a timely, comprehensive and provocative exploration of the field. The volume has been carefully organized to present important philosophical perspectives on organizing principles that should underlie any practical application. A forward-looking historical review of the regulatory regimes of principal jurisdictions, including of the legal controls already in place, provides the backdrop for future policy initiatives. Additionally, in the light of global restructuring of health care systems, several chapters have been devoted to epidemiological research and related issues.
Author :Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) Publisher :World Health Organization ISBN 13 :9789290360889 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (68 download)
Book Synopsis International Ethical Guidelines for Health-Related Research Involving Humans by : Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS)
Download or read book International Ethical Guidelines for Health-Related Research Involving Humans written by Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the new 2016 version of the ethical guidelines, CIOMS provides answers to a number of pressing issues in research ethics. The Council does so by stressing the need for research having scientific and social value, by providing special guidelines for health-related research in low-resource settings, by detailing the provisions for involving vulnerable groups in research and for describing under what conditions biological samples and health-related data can be used for research."--Page 4 de la couverture.
Download or read book Book Alone written by Mary De Chesnay and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within an expanding field of study in both undergraduate and graduate nursing curricula, this Third Edition explores vulnerability from the perspective of individuals, groups, communities, and populations while addressing how vulnerability affects nurses, nursing, and nursing care. This new edition presents a basic structure for caring for the vulnerable with the ultimate goal of providing culturally competent care. Theoretical and research chapters progress towards others offering meaningful learning experiences for both nursing students and practitioners. Further, since nurses are the crucial link between those who are vulnerable and those with access to solutions, this text provides ideas for how nurses might advocate for the vulnerable on a policy level. Written specifically for nurses by nurses, this Third Edition is a timely and necessary response to the culturally diverse, vulnerable populations for whom nurses must provide appropriate and precise care.
