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Comparative Advertising And Price Implementation Of Directive 97 55 Ec In Germany And England Compared
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Book Synopsis Comparative advertising and price: Implementation of Directive 97/55/EC in Germany and England compared by : Leonie Marder
Download or read book Comparative advertising and price: Implementation of Directive 97/55/EC in Germany and England compared written by Leonie Marder and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2004-10-28 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: With the coming into force of Directive 97/55/EC, one of the issues that arose was as to how EU Member States will choose to implement the provisions concerning admissibility of comparative advertising. This dissertation will focus on the Directive s transposition into English and German law with special regard to price comparisons, each model of implementation being situated at the extreme end of the scale. English law, having traditionally supported comparative advertising now has had to face a much stricter approach put forward by the Directive. We shall enquire into the extent to which, in absence of an English law of unfair competition, s.10(6) of the 1994 Trade Marks Act, the torts of passing off and injurious falsehood, and the British Code of Advertising provide for compliance in that sphere. German law, on the other hand, having long opposed comparative advertising, has readily incorporated Directive 97/55 into §§2 and 3 of its 1909 Act Against Unfair Competition (UWG). German literature on the Act s compliance with the Directive has been widespread and the respective analysis will thus be limited to assessing opinions of academics, lawyers, judges, and members of the German government. I then compared those two models of implementation from the wider angle of the civil law/common law divide and general principles underlying Community law, before finally making proposals for amendments and assessing the impact the Directive had on each national law system. Effectively, German law has thus, in my view, provided for implementation to a fuller extent, as well as being the Member State which has felt the Directive s impact much more strongly than England. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: Introduction1 Chapter 1.The Law of Comparative Advertising in England7 1.1Rejection of a Law of Unfair Competition9 1.2The Law of Comparative Advertising11 1.3Implementation of Directive 97/55/EC14 Chapter 2.The Law of Comparative Advertising in Germany22 2.1The Law of Unfair Competition under the 1909 Act Against Unfair Competition22 2.2Implementation of Directive 97/55/EC26 Chapter 3.Analysis: Implementation of Directive 97/55/EC in England and Germany compared33 Conclusion43 Annex47 Bibliography47 Table of cases52 Statutory material53
Book Synopsis EU Law for UK Lawyers by : Aidan O'Neill
Download or read book EU Law for UK Lawyers written by Aidan O'Neill and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07-27 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of this wide-ranging survey of EU law. The new edition has been significantly enlarged. Unlike many other EU law books it takes full account not only of the Lisbon Treaty changes to the EU treaties, but also of the fact that the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights now has the same legal value as the EU Treaties. It therefore not only covers the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, but also ties that case law into the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, because it is clear that EU law can only now properly be understood and applied against this background of European fundamental rights jurisprudence. The book sets out very clearly the broad shape of the European Union's legal systems, while also giving the reader a good feel for the policy motivations in the Court of Justice of the European Union and the scope of EU legislative activity. Written in a lively and accessible style, it is an ideal guide for practitioners, whether those coming to the subject for the first time or those already with a background in EU law. Among the additions and changes in this expanded edition the book includes new chapters on the EU and fundamental rights, on commercial agency, on criminal law and on private international law in the EU. It also contains a full treatment of EU equality law. The first edition 'EC Law for UK Lawyers' by Aidan O'Neill and Jason Coppel (ISBN: 9780406024596) was published by Butterworths in 1994.
Download or read book Tolley's Communications Law written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book E-commerce written by Stephen York and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Law of Comparative Advertising by : Ansgar Ohly
Download or read book The Law of Comparative Advertising written by Ansgar Ohly and published by Hart Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for the British reader, this volume analyzes the comparative advertising directive, which regulates any advertisement or promotional representation that explicitly or implicitly identifies a competitor. Background is provided both to the regulation of comparative advertising in the UK and Germany and to the passing of the directive itself. Over half the volume is devoted to appendices in which various legal texts from the UK, Germany, and Europe are compared. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis The European Unfair Commercial Practices Directive by : Willem van Boom
Download or read book The European Unfair Commercial Practices Directive written by Willem van Boom and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-11 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important EU consumer protection directives of the past decade, the 2005 Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, or UCPD, is brought under examination in this stimulating volume. Bringing together leading experts in the comparative law and consumer law domain, the book discusses the impact of the Directive and whether the many possible issues identified at its inception have been borne out in practice. Divided into four parts of 'Implementation, Approximation and Harmonization', 'Vulnerability', 'The UCP Directive and Other Regimes', and finally 'Enforcement', the volume examines the various policy developments, the growing body of case law, the decisions of relevant national enforcement authorities, as well as the legislative debates which have surrounded the implementation of the UCPD in Member States. This book provides a valuable assessment of the impact of a major EU directive almost ten years after its adoption, and as such will be of interest to academics, legal practitioners and the judiciary working in the areas of European and Consumer law.
Author :European Commission. Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :36 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive by : European Commission. Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection
Download or read book The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive written by European Commission. Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge:1. Time for clear legislation - 2. Unfair commercial practices - 3. Who is concerned? - 4. The black list - 5. Implementing the directive.
Book Synopsis Assuring the Quality of Health Care in the European Union by : Helena Legido-Quigley
Download or read book Assuring the Quality of Health Care in the European Union written by Helena Legido-Quigley and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People have always travelled within Europe for work and leisure, although never before with the current intensity. Now, however, they are travelling for many other reasons, including the quest for key services such as health care. Whatever the reason for travelling, one question they ask is "If I fall ill, will the health care I receive be of a high standard?" This book examines, for the first time, the systems that have been put in place in all of the European Union's 27 Member States. The picture it paints is mixed. Some have well developed systems, setting standards based on the best available evidence, monitoring the care provided, and taking action where it falls short. Others need to overcome significant obstacles.
Book Synopsis Rethinking EU Consumer Law by : Geraint Howells
Download or read book Rethinking EU Consumer Law written by Geraint Howells and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Rethinking EU Consumer Law, the authors analyse the development of EU consumer law on the basis of a number of clear themes, which are then traced through specific areas. Recurring themes include the artificiality of the EU’s consumer image, the problems created by the drive towards maximum harmonisation, and the unexpected effects EU Consumer Law has had on national law. The book argues that EU Consumer Law has the potential of enhancing the protecting of consumers throughout the EU and could offer a model for consumer law elsewhere in the world, but in order to unlock this potential, there needs to be a rethink with regard to the EU’s approach to consumer law and policy.
Book Synopsis Health Policy and European Union Enlargement by : Mckee
Download or read book Health Policy and European Union Enlargement written by Mckee and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2004-04-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there may be consensus on the broader issues of the core objectives of the health care system, expectations differ between EU countries, and European national policy-makers. This book seeks firstly to assess the impact of the enlargement process and then to analyse the challenges that lie ahead in the field of health and health policy.
Book Synopsis European Fair Trading Law by : Geraint Howells
Download or read book European Fair Trading Law written by Geraint Howells and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive is the most important directive in the field of trade practices to have emerged from the EC but it builds upon European activity which has sought to regulate trade practices on both a sectoral and horizontal level. It is an umbrella provision, which uses general clauses to protect consumers. How effective this approach is and how it relates the existing acquis are fundamental issues for debate. This work provides a critical appraisal of the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive linking discussion of it to general debates about how fair trading should be regulated. It explains how the Directive fits into the existing acquis. It also examines national traditions where these are necessary to explain the European approach, as in the case of general clauses. The book will be a valuable tool for any student of consumer law seeking to understand the thinking behind the directive and how it will affect national laws. It will also influence policy makers by suggesting how the directive should be interpreted and what policy lies behind its formulation. Businesses and their advisers will use the book as a means of understanding the new regulatory climate post-the directive.
Book Synopsis Medical Devices and the Public's Health by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Medical Devices and the Public's Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-11-25 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical devices that are deemed to have a moderate risk to patients generally cannot go on the market until they are cleared through the FDA 510(k) process. In recent years, individuals and organizations have expressed concern that the 510(k) process is neither making safe and effective devices available to patients nor promoting innovation in the medical-device industry. Several high-profile mass-media reports and consumer-protection groups have profiled recognized or potential problems with medical devices cleared through the 510(k) clearance process. The medical-device industry and some patients have asserted that the process has become too burdensome and is delaying or stalling the entry of important new medical devices to the market. At the request of the FDA, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) examined the 510(k) process. Medical Devices and the Public's Health examines the current 510(k) clearance process and whether it optimally protects patients and promotes innovation in support of public health. It also identifies legislative, regulatory, or administrative changes that will achieve the goals of the 510(k) clearance process. Medical Devices and the Public's Health recommends that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration gather the information needed to develop a new regulatory framework to replace the 35-year-old 510(k) clearance process for medical devices. According to the report, the FDA's finite resources are best invested in developing an integrated premarket and postmarket regulatory framework.
Book Synopsis Law Against Unfair Competition by : Reto Hilty
Download or read book Law Against Unfair Competition written by Reto Hilty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-28 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the present state of harmonization of unfair competition law in Europe. It discusses the particular approach to unfair competition law in the 10 new Member States and the possible impact on the future development of European unfair competition law. The book presents new insight in the importance of unfair competition law, especially in countries with a developing market economy.
Download or read book The Greenhouse Gas Protocol written by and published by World Business Pub.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.
Book Synopsis Market definition and market power in the platform economy by : Jens-Uwe Franck
Download or read book Market definition and market power in the platform economy written by Jens-Uwe Franck and published by Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE). This book was released on 2019-05-08 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rise of digital platforms and the natural tendency of markets involving platforms to become concentrated, competition authorities and courts are more frequently in a position to investigate and decide merger and abuse cases that involve platforms. This report provides guidance on how to define markets and on how to assess market power when dealing with two-sided platforms. DEFINITION Competition authorities and courts are well advised to uniformly use a multi-markets approach when defining markets in the context of two-sided platforms. The multi-markets approach is the more flexible instrument compared to the competing single-market approach that defines a single market for both sides of a platform, as the former naturally accounts for different substitution possibilities by the user groups on the two sides of the platform. While one might think of conditions under which a single-market approach could be feasible, the necessary conditions are so severe that it would only be applicable under rare circumstances. To fully appreciate business activities in platform markets from a competition law point of view, and to do justice to competition law’s purpose, which is to protect consumer welfare, the legal concept of a “market” should not be interpreted as requiring a price to be paid by one party to the other. It is not sufficient to consider the activities on the “unpaid side” of the platform only indirectly by way of including them in the competition law analysis of the “paid side” of the platform. Such an approach would exclude certain activities and ensuing positive or negative effects on consumer welfare altogether from the radar of competition law. Instead, competition practice should recognize straightforwardly that there can be “markets” for products offered free of charge, i.e. without monetary consideration by those who receive the product. ASSESSMENT The application of competition law often requires an assessment of market power. Using market shares as indicators of market power, in addition to all the difficulties in standard markets, raises further issues for two-sided platforms. When calculating revenue shares, the only reasonable option is to use the sum of revenues on all sides of the platform. Then, such shares should not be interpreted as market shares as they are aggregated over two interdependent markets. Large revenue shares appear to be a meaningful indicator of market power if all undertakings under consideration serve the same sides. However, they are often not meaningful if undertakings active in the relevant markets follow different business models. Given potentially strong cross-group external effects, market shares are less apt in the context of two-sided platforms to indicate market power (or the lack of it). Barriers to entry are at the core of persistent market power and, thus, the entrenchment of incumbent platforms. They deserve careful examination by competition authorities. Barriers to entry may arise due to users’ coordination failure in the presence of network effect. On two-sided platforms, users on both sides of the market have to coordinate their expectations. Barriers to entry are more likely to be present if an industry does not attract new users and if it does not undergo major technological change. Switching costs and network effects may go hand in hand: consumer switching costs sometimes depend on the number of platform users and, in this case, barriers to entry from consumer switching costs increase with platform size. Since market power is related to barriers to entry, the absence of entry attempts may be seen as an indication of market power. However, entry threats may arise from firms offering quite different services, as long as they provide a new home for users’ attention and needs.
Book Synopsis Professional Services in the EU Internal Market by : Tinne Heremans
Download or read book Professional Services in the EU Internal Market written by Tinne Heremans and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professional services are a key component of the EU internal market economy yet also significantly challenge the legal framework governing this internal market. Indeed, specific professional regulatory structures, which are often the result of a blend of government and self-regulation, hold clear potential for conflict with EU free movement and competition law rules. Hence this book looks at the manner in which both free movement and competition laws might apply to such self- and co-regulatory set-ups, and at the leeway given to quality considerations (apparently) conflicting with free movement or competition objectives. In addition, since court action will seldom suffice to genuinely integrate a market, the book also explores those instruments of EU secondary legislation that are likely to impact the most on the provision of professional services. However, the book goes beyond a mere inventory to ask how EU Internal Market policy could contribute to the optimal legal environment for professional services. A law and economics analysis is employed to investigate the need for specific professional rules, the preferred type of regulator (self-, co- or government regulation), and the level - national and/or European - at which regulation should be adopted. As becomes clear, the story of the market for professional services is one of market and government failure; the author is thus left to compare imperfect situations where market failures compete with rent-seeking efforts, the tendency towards over-centralisation and national protectionism. This book offers both an in-depth legal analysis of the EU framework as it applies to professional services as well as a more normative evaluation of this framework based on insights from law and economics scholarship. It will therefore be a valuable resource for all practitioners, policy-makers and academics dealing with professional services, as well as, more generally, with questions of quality and self-regulation.
Book Synopsis Unfair Competition Law by : Frauke Henning-Bodewig
Download or read book Unfair Competition Law written by Frauke Henning-Bodewig and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book delineates, with extraordinary clarity and precision, the working of unfair competition law throughout the European Union. Its four comprehensive chapters encompass: basic considerations of definition, subject matter, enforcement, and applicable law: international provisions under the Paris convention, TRIPS, and WIPO model law; analysis of relevant EC directives and regulations and ECJ jurisprudence; and extensive discussions of the national unfair competition laws of all 25 Member States. For each Member State, specific topics covered include such considerations as the following: sources of law; competition law in a nutshell; regulation of advertising; direct marketing; sales promotion; risk of confusion; disparagement, defamation; misappropriation, imitation; impediment of competitors; and breach of the law. The author also provides a selected bibliography of sources for each country. It would be difficult to find a more useful analysis of European Unfair Competition Law than this systematic study. It is practical, thorough, clarifying, and readable, all at the same time. The author untangles the most complex of apparent contradictions with impressive skill. Copies of this book will quickly take their places on the working shelves of interested practitioners, academics, and officials throughout Europe.
