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Community Violence Exposure And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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Book Synopsis Community Violence Exposure, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Posttraumatic Distress in a National Sample of Urban Workers by : Sherry Muterspaugh Walling
Download or read book Community Violence Exposure, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Posttraumatic Distress in a National Sample of Urban Workers written by Sherry Muterspaugh Walling and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violence continues to plague urban communities. The impact of community violence has been widely researched in children and adolescents; however, adult members of urban communities have been largely overlooked. The current study investigated the community violence exposure of 284 urban community development workers across five U.S. cities. Exposure to community violence, history of adverse childhood experiences, and current level of posttraumatic distress were assessed in order to test the hypothesis that adverse childhood experiences moderate the relationship between community violence exposure and posttraumatic distress. The findings indicate that urban workers are exposed to high levels of community violence with 74.9% reporting direct victimization and 99% reporting indirect violence exposure. In addition, 99% of participants reported exposure to adverse childhood experiences, and 14% of the sample met the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A multiple regression analysis confirmed that adverse childhood experiences and community violence exposure were significantly positively related to PTSD. However, the significant interaction between the two predictors was suppressing rather than enhancing, indicating the salience of ACEs over and above community violence in predicting increased PTSD symptoms when both variables are present. Implications for urban work agencies are discussed.
Book Synopsis Community Violence Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by : Claudine C. Hyatt
Download or read book Community Violence Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder written by Claudine C. Hyatt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Community Violence Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Among Guatemalan Humanitarian Aid Workers by : Jeanette I. Lantz
Download or read book Community Violence Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Among Guatemalan Humanitarian Aid Workers written by Jeanette I. Lantz and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research indicates community violence exposure (CVE) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are significant challenges faced by aid workers. Additionally, national aid workers have been identified as being at greater risk for PTSD than international staff. The relationship between CVE and PTSD has yet to be studied in national aid workers. Also, it is unclear if gender is an important factor in the development of PTSD in national aid workers. These variables were examined in national aid workers in Guatemala. High levels of both CVE and PTSD symptomatology were present and a significant relationship was demonstrated between the two variables. However, gender was not a significant factor in determining who was more likely to experience PTSD symptoms.
Book Synopsis Exposure to Community Violence and the Reporting of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Adolescents by : Amy McAdams
Download or read book Exposure to Community Violence and the Reporting of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Adolescents written by Amy McAdams and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Community Violence Exposure, Fatalism and Postraumatic Stress Disorder in a Sample of Educators in El Salvador by : Alexandra Clara Linscott
Download or read book Community Violence Exposure, Fatalism and Postraumatic Stress Disorder in a Sample of Educators in El Salvador written by Alexandra Clara Linscott and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political turmoil, violence, and poverty are well known factors that have ravaged the country of El Salvador over the last century. Before his assassination, psychologist Ignacio Martin-Baró wrote extensively about the impact of these traumas on the Salvadorian people, and how the internalization of these struggles lead to a fatalistic worldview. Using measures of community violence exposure, fatalism, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the current study explored these variables in a sample of Salvadorian educators. Statistical analyses indicated a significant positive correlation between community violence exposure and PTSD, although no significant correlation between community violence exposure and fatalism was found. A third hypothesis of fatalism acting as a mediator between community violence exposure and PTSD was not supported.
Book Synopsis Children of Katrina by : Alice Fothergill
Download or read book Children of Katrina written by Alice Fothergill and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When children experience upheaval and trauma, adults often view them as either vulnerable and helpless or as resilient and able to easily “bounce back.” But the reality is far more complex for the children and youth whose lives are suddenly upended by disaster. How are children actually affected by catastrophic events and how do they cope with the damage and disruption? Children of Katrina offers one of the only long-term, multiyear studies of young people following disaster. Sociologists Alice Fothergill and Lori Peek spent seven years after Hurricane Katrina interviewing and observing several hundred children and their family members, friends, neighbors, teachers, and other caregivers. In this book, they focus intimately on seven children between the ages of three and eighteen, selected because they exemplify the varied experiences of the larger group. They find that children followed three different post-disaster trajectories—declining, finding equilibrium, and fluctuating—as they tried to regain stability. The children’s moving stories illuminate how a devastating disaster affects individual health and well-being, family situations, housing and neighborhood contexts, schooling, peer relationships, and extracurricular activities. This work also demonstrates how outcomes were often worse for children who were vulnerable and living in crisis before the storm. Fothergill and Peek clarify what kinds of assistance children need during emergency response and recovery periods, as well as the individual, familial, social, and structural factors that aid or hinder children in getting that support.
Book Synopsis Family Environment, Exposure to Community Violence and the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by : Jordana Nejman-Muhlmeister
Download or read book Family Environment, Exposure to Community Violence and the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder written by Jordana Nejman-Muhlmeister and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Relationship Among Children's Exposure to Community Violence, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Parental Monitoring by : Luann Pederson Pannell
Download or read book The Relationship Among Children's Exposure to Community Violence, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Parental Monitoring written by Luann Pederson Pannell and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exposure to Community Violence, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Forgiveness Among Salvadoran Teachers by : Amy A. Potts
Download or read book Exposure to Community Violence, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Forgiveness Among Salvadoran Teachers written by Amy A. Potts and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research indicates that exposure to violence and the subsequent development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) threaten vulnerable populations in high-conflict areas. As a result of civil war and residual community violence (CV), Salvadorans experience trauma in multiple contexts. This study explores the relationships between exposure to CV, forgiveness, and PTSD. Literature searches reveal a lack of trauma research in cross-cultural settings. This study utilized survey data from 193 Salvadoran teachers and administrators. Findings indicated a significant positive correlation betvieen exposure to CV and PTSD severity, and a significant negative correlation between forgiveness and PTSD severity. Contrary to the 3rd hypothesis, forgiveness was not found to moderate the relationship between CV and PTSD. Implications for caregivers in similar settings are discussed.
Book Synopsis Posttraumatic Stress, Peri-traumatic Dissociation, and Previous Community Violence Exposure Among Recent Assault Survivors by : Stacy L. McLain
Download or read book Posttraumatic Stress, Peri-traumatic Dissociation, and Previous Community Violence Exposure Among Recent Assault Survivors written by Stacy L. McLain and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Post-traumatic Stress Or Aggression by : Harrison D. Angoff
Download or read book Post-traumatic Stress Or Aggression written by Harrison D. Angoff and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research links community violence exposure (CVE) with both post-traumatic stress (PTS) and aggression in youth from urban environments. Less research has examined the impact CVE has on emerging adults from urban communities, who - according to national statistics - face the highest levels of violence compared to other demographic groups. Emerging adulthood is a period of increased autonomy and responsibility. Understanding individual characteristics that may discriminate among emerging adults who develop PTS from those who develop aggression - mental health concerns that can impede emerging adults' successful transition to adulthood - is an important area of research. Social-cognitive and emotion-related constructs have been implicated as mediators of the link between CVE and the development of aggression throughout adolescence. Once stable, such processes may serve to moderate the link between CVE and its behavioral and mental health outcomes in emerging adults. In the current study, I explored whether normative beliefs about violence and emotional sensitivity to violence moderate the relation between CVE and 1) aggression; and 2) post-traumatic stress symptoms among a sample of emerging adults from an urban community. Results showed positive relations of CVE with both PTS and aggression; a positive relation of normative beliefs with aggression; and a positive relation of emotional sensitivity with PTS. Emotional sensitivity also moderated the relation between CVE and PTS such that the positive link between CVE and PTS was stronger at higher levels of emotional sensitivity. Findings shed light on the importance of examining emerging adult CVE and of considering one's normative beliefs about violence and sensitivity to violence in the presence of aggression and PTS.
Book Synopsis Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by : Evelyn J. Bromet
Download or read book Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder written by Evelyn J. Bromet and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first systematic analysis of the rates, risk factors, consequences and global burden of trauma and PTSD across the globe.
Book Synopsis Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD by : Edna Foa
Download or read book Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD written by Edna Foa and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-03-22 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An estimated 70% of adults in the United States have experienced a traumatic event at least once in their lives. Though most recover on their own, up to 20% develop chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. For these people, overcoming PTSD requires the help of a professional. This guide gives clinicians the information they need to treat clients who exhibit the symptoms of PTSD. It is based on the principles of Prolonged Exposure Therapy, the most scientifically-tested and proven treatment that has been used to effectively treat victims of all types of trauma. Whether your client is a veteran of combat, a victim of a physical or sexual assault, or a casualty of a motor vehicle accident, the techniques and strategies outlined in this book will help. In this treatment clients are exposed to imagery of their traumatic memories, as well as real-life situations related to the traumatic event in a step-by-step, controllable way. Through these exposures, your client will learn to confront the trauma and begin to think differently about it, leading to a marked decrease in levels of anxiety and other PTSD symptoms. Clients are provided education about PTSD and other common reactions to traumatic events. Breathing retraining is taught as a method for helping the client manage anxiety in daily life. Designed to be used in conjunction with the corresponding client workbook, this therapist guide includes all the tools necessary to effectively implement the prolonged exposure program including assessment measures, session outlines, case studies, sample dialogues, and homework assignments. This comprehensive resource is an exceptional treatment manual that is sure to help you help your clients reclaim their lives from PTSD. TreatmentsThatWorkTM represents the gold standard of behavioral healthcare interventions! · All programs have been rigorously tested in clinical trials and are backed by years of research · A prestigious scientific advisory board, led by series Editor-In-Chief David H. Barlow, reviews and evaluates each intervention to ensure that it meets the highest standard of evidence so you can be confident that you are using the most effective treatment available to date · Our books are reliable and effective and make it easy for you to provide your clients with the best care available · Our corresponding workbooks contain psychoeducational information, forms and worksheets, and homework assignments to keep clients engaged and motivated · A companion website (www.oup.com/us/ttw) offers downloadable clinical tools and helpful resources · Continuing Education (CE) Credits are now available on select titles in collaboration with PsychoEducational Resources, Inc. (PER)
Book Synopsis Students’ Perceptions of School Cohesion and PTSD Symptoms in Salvadorian Youth by : Jenny Reyes Siaw
Download or read book Students’ Perceptions of School Cohesion and PTSD Symptoms in Salvadorian Youth written by Jenny Reyes Siaw and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to community violence (CV) whether direct, indirect, or vicarious—can lead to adverse psychological problems such as posttraumatic stress symptoms in youth. El Salvador has been considered one of the most violent countries in Latin America (Geneva Declaration Secretariat, 2015) and as such, Salvadorian adolescents are at a higher risk of CV exposure. As youth spend a large amount of time in school, students’ perception of school cohesion may have an impact on their mental health. In this study, I tested the relationships between perception of school cohesion, the three types of CV lifetime exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology in a sample of 813 Salvadorian adolescents. Results from a parallel mediation analysis with bootstrapping indicated that, after controlling for gender, age, and school type, school cohesion was significantly and negatively related to PTSD and all three levels of violence exposure. However, direct exposure was the only significant mediator between school cohesion and PTSD symptoms. Findings from this study suggested that high levels of perceived school cohesion could buffer the relationship between lifetime exposure to direct CV and adolescent endorsement of PTSD symptoms.
Book Synopsis The Role of a Family History of Alcohol Or Drug Abuse on PTSD Outcomes Following Community Violence Exposure by : Kathryn Reid-Quiñones
Download or read book The Role of a Family History of Alcohol Or Drug Abuse on PTSD Outcomes Following Community Violence Exposure written by Kathryn Reid-Quiñones and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research consistently has revealed the damaging consequences of children's repeated exposure to community violence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the most commonly cited internalizing disorder associated with such exposure. However, not all children who are exposed to community violence develop PTSD symptoms; thus, it is important to identify factors that contribute to this deleterious relationship. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation of community violence exposure (CVE)and PTSD in a sample of urban adolescents. Additionally, the study assessed whether a maternal history of alcohol or drug abuse would exacerbate the association of CVE and PTSD symptoms in youth. Furthermore, deficient parenting and poorer psychological functioning of the substance-abusing mother was examined as a possible explanation of the relation of maternal substance abuse to community violence exposure and PTSD. Participants included 309 biological mothers and their 5th or 8th grade children (N = 309 dyads) who were recruited from high-violence neighborhoods in Richmond, Virginia. Youth and their maternal caregivers completed separate home interviews. Results revealed that greater violence exposure (witnessing violence and direct victimization)was associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms in youth. Additionally, maternal alcohol abuse history exacerbated the relation between witnessed violence and PTSD symptoms. At low levels of witnessed violence, mother's alcohol use type did not influence PTSD symptoms; however, as levels of witnessed violence increase, youth whose mothers were classified as having a positive alcohol abuse history were more likely to report higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, parental knowledge was an independent predictor of PTSD symptoms in each of the models. Lower levels of parental knowledge were associated with higher levels of youth-reported PTSD symptoms. Overall, the study findings support the need to examine moderating and mediating factors of the relation between CVE and PTSD among youth.
Book Synopsis Exposure to Community Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology Among Diverse, Urban Adolescents by : Jannette Alejandra Urciuoli
Download or read book Exposure to Community Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology Among Diverse, Urban Adolescents written by Jannette Alejandra Urciuoli and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Psychological Effects of War and Violence on Children by : Lewis A. Leavitt
Download or read book The Psychological Effects of War and Violence on Children written by Lewis A. Leavitt and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The outgrowth of a conference planned as a response to the need for researchers and clinicians to develop integrated plans for addressing the psychological trauma of children exposed to violence, this volume's goals are: * to summarize research on the subject with particular emphasis on the Gulf War; * to use this information to formulate an outline of what current knowledge suggests are reasonable approaches to public mental health intervention; and * to develop an agenda for future research necessary for improving clinical efforts in varying international conflicts. A significant collection of diverse perspectives attending to a diversity of cultural and political contexts, the contributors offer many conclusions about important dimensions for analyzing the effects of violence on children. Suggesting informed approaches to public mental health efforts which can be implemented, the work presented here directs attention to the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers and clinicians to better understand the effects of exposure to violence on the psychological well being of children and the optimal modes of remediation on individual, family, and community levels.
