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Colonial Migrants at the Heart of Empire

Author : Ismael García-Colón
Publisher : University of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520325796
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Colonial Migrants at the Heart of Empire by : Ismael García-Colón

Download or read book Colonial Migrants at the Heart of Empire written by Ismael García-Colón and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colonial Migrants at the Heart of Empire is the first in-depth look at the experiences of Puerto Rican migrant workers in continental U.S. agriculture in the twentieth century. The Farm Labor Program, established by the government of Puerto Rico in 1947, placed hundreds of thousands of migrant workers on U.S. farms and fostered the emergence of many stateside Puerto Rican communities. Ismael García-Colón investigates the origins and development of this program and uncovers the unique challenges faced by its participants. A labor history and an ethnography, Colonial Migrants evokes the violence, fieldwork, food, lodging, surveillance, and coercion that these workers experienced on farms and conveys their hopes and struggles to overcome poverty. Island farmworkers encountered a unique form of prejudice and racism arising from their dual status as both U.S. citizens and as “foreign others,” and their experiences were further shaped by evolving immigration policies. Despite these challenges, many Puerto Rican farmworkers ultimately chose to settle in rural U.S. communities, contributing to the production of food and the Latinization of the U.S. farm labor force.

Fantasy Island

Author : Ed Morales
Publisher : Bold Type Books
ISBN 13 : 1568588984
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Fantasy Island by : Ed Morales

Download or read book Fantasy Island written by Ed Morales and published by Bold Type Books. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A crucial, clear-eyed accounting of Puerto Rico's 122 years as a colony of the US. Since its acquisition by the US in 1898, Puerto Rico has served as a testing ground for the most aggressive and exploitative US economic, political, and social policies. The devastation that ensued finally grew impossible to ignore in 2017, in the wake of Hurricane María, as the physical destruction compounded the infrastructure collapse and trauma inflicted by the debt crisis. In Fantasy Island, Ed Morales traces how, over the years, Puerto Rico has served as a colonial satellite, a Cold War Caribbean showcase, a dumping ground for US manufactured goods, and a corporate tax shelter. He also shows how it has become a blank canvas for mercenary experiments in disaster capitalism on the frontlines of climate change, hamstrung by internal political corruption and the US federal government's prioritization of outside financial interests. Taking readers from San Juan to New York City and back to his family's home in the Luquillo Mountains, Morales shows us the machinations of financial and political interests in both the US and Puerto Rico, and the resistance efforts of Puerto Rican artists and activists. Through it all, he emphasizes that the only way to stop Puerto Rico from being bled is to let Puerto Ricans take control of their own destiny, going beyond the statehood-commonwealth-independence debate to complete decolonization.

When I Was Puerto Rican

Author : Esmeralda Santiago
Publisher : Da Capo Press
ISBN 13 : 0786736860
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis When I Was Puerto Rican by : Esmeralda Santiago

Download or read book When I Was Puerto Rican written by Esmeralda Santiago and published by Da Capo Press. This book was released on 2006-02-28 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of "The Best Memoirs of a Generation" (Oprah's Book Club): a young woman's journey from the mango groves and barrios of Puerto Rico to Brooklyn, and eventually on to Harvard In a childhood full of tropical beauty and domestic strife, poverty and tenderness, Esmeralda Santiago learned the proper way to eat a guava, the sound of tree frogs, the taste of morcilla, and the formula for ushering a dead baby's soul to heaven. But when her mother, Mami, a force of nature, takes off to New York with her seven, soon to be eleven children, Esmeralda, the oldest, must learn new rules, a new language, and eventually a new identity. In the first of her three acclaimed memoirs, Esmeralda brilliantly recreates her tremendous journey from the idyllic landscape and tumultuous family life of her earliest years, to translating for her mother at the welfare office, and to high honors at Harvard.

Puerto Rico

Author : Jorge Duany
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190648694
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Puerto Rico by : Jorge Duany

Download or read book Puerto Rico written by Jorge Duany and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acquired by the United States from Spain in 1898, Puerto Rico has a peculiar status among Latin American and Caribbean countries. As a Commonwealth, the island enjoys limited autonomy over local matters, but the U.S. has dominated it militarily, politically, and economically for much of its recent history. Though they are U.S. citizens, Puerto Ricans do not have their own voting representatives in Congress and cannot vote in presidential elections (although they are able to participate in the primaries). The island's status is a topic of perennial debate, both within and beyond its shores. In recent months its colossal public debt has sparked an economic crisis that has catapulted it onto the national stage and intensified the exodus to the U.S., bringing to the fore many of the unresolved remnants of its colonial history. Puerto Rico: What Everyone Needs to Know(R) provides a succinct, authoritative introduction to the Island's rich history, culture, politics, and economy. The book begins with a historical overview of Puerto Rico during the Spanish colonial period (1493-1898). It then focuses on the first five decades of the U.S. colonial regime, particularly its efforts to control local, political, and economic institutions as well as to "Americanize" the Island's culture and language. Jorge Duany delves into the demographic, economic, political, and cultural features of contemporary Puerto Rico-the inner workings of the Commonwealth government and the island's relationship to the United States. Lastly, the book explores the massive population displacement that has characterized Puerto Rico since the mid-20th century. Despite their ongoing colonial dilemma, Jorge Duany argues that Puerto Ricans display a strong national identity as a Spanish-speaking, Afro-Hispanic-Caribbean nation. While a popular tourist destination, few beyond its shores are familiar with its complex history and diverse culture. Duany takes on the task of educating readers on the most important facets of the unique, troubled, but much beloved isla del encanto.

The Battle for Paradise

Author : Naomi Klein
Publisher : Haymarket Books
ISBN 13 : 1608464318
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis The Battle for Paradise by : Naomi Klein

Download or read book The Battle for Paradise written by Naomi Klein and published by Haymarket Books. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fearless necessary reporting . . . Klein exposes the ‘battle of utopias’ that is currently unfolding in storm-ravaged Puerto Rico” (Junot Díaz, author of The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao) “We are in a fight for our lives. Hurricanes Irma and María unmasked the colonialism we face in Puerto Rico, and the inequality it fosters, creating a fierce humanitarian crisis. Now we must find a path forward to equality and sustainability, a path driven by communities, not investors. And this book explains, with careful and unbiased reporting, only the efforts of our community activists can answer the paramount question: What type of society do we want to become and who is Puerto Rico for?” —Carmen Yulín Cruz, Mayor of San Juan, Puerto Rico In the rubble of Hurricane Maria, Puerto Ricans and ultrarich “Puertopians” are locked in a pitched struggle over how to remake the island. In this vital and startling investigation, bestselling author and activist Naomi Klein uncovers how the forces of shock politics and disaster capitalism seek to undermine the nation’s radical, resilient vision for a “just recovery.” All royalties from the sale of this book in English and Spanish go directly to JunteGente, a gathering of Puerto Rican organizations resisting disaster capitalism and advancing a fair and healthy recovery for their island. “Klein chronicles the extraordinary grassroots resistance by the Puerto Rican people against neoliberal privatization and Wall Street greed in the aftermath of the island’s financial meltdown, of hurricane devastation, and of Washington’s imposition of an outside control board over the most important U.S. colony.” —Juan González, cohost of Democracy Now! and author of Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America

Pride of Puerto Rico

Author : Paul Robert Walker
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN 13 : 9780152634209
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (342 download)

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Book Synopsis Pride of Puerto Rico by : Paul Robert Walker

Download or read book Pride of Puerto Rico written by Paul Robert Walker and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 1991-02-21 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A biography of the baseball superstar from Puerto Rico who, before his untimely death in a 1972 airplane crash, was noted for his achievements on and off the baseball field.

Puerto Rico Travel Guide and Puerto Rico History Information

Author : Elliott Miller
Publisher : Blurb
ISBN 13 : 9781714643257
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (432 download)

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Book Synopsis Puerto Rico Travel Guide and Puerto Rico History Information by : Elliott Miller

Download or read book Puerto Rico Travel Guide and Puerto Rico History Information written by Elliott Miller and published by Blurb. This book was released on 2020-05 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Puerto Rico Travel Guide and Puerto Rico History Information. Puerto Rico Tourism, People, Culture and lifestyle. Traditionally, meals were patterned after Spanish custom: a continental breakfast, a large midday meal, and a modest supper. Many people now eat a large breakfast, a fast-food lunch, and a large dinner. Puerto Ricans tolerate fast-food, but prefer native food and home cooking. There are fast-food establishments that serve rice and beans, and other local dishes. The island boasts restaurants and eating places across the economic and gastronomic spectrums; San Juan, in particular, offers international choices. Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions. Although American holidays are legally celebrated, the foods associated with them are prepared according to local tastes and culinary techniques. Thus, the Thanksgiving turkey is done with adobo, a local seasoning mix. The traditional holiday menu includes pernil or lechón asado (spit-roasted pork), pasteles (plantain or yucca tamales), and arroz con gandules (rice with pigeon peas); typical desserts are arroz con dulce (coconut rice pudding), bienmesabe (coconut pudding), and tembleque (coconut milk pudding). Coquito is a popular coconut and rum beverage

War Against All Puerto Ricans

Author : Nelson A Denis
Publisher : Bold Type Books
ISBN 13 : 1568585020
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis War Against All Puerto Ricans by : Nelson A Denis

Download or read book War Against All Puerto Ricans written by Nelson A Denis and published by Bold Type Books. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The powerful, untold story of the 1950 revolution in Puerto Rico and the long history of U.S. intervention on the island, that the New York Times says "could not be more timely." In 1950, after over fifty years of military occupation and colonial rule, the Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico staged an unsuccessful armed insurrection against the United States. Violence swept through the island: assassins were sent to kill President Harry Truman, gunfights roared in eight towns, police stations and post offices were burned down. In order to suppress this uprising, the US Army deployed thousands of troops and bombarded two towns, marking the first time in history that the US government bombed its own citizens. Nelson A. Denis tells this powerful story through the controversial life of Pedro Albizu Campos, who served as the president of the Nationalist Party. A lawyer, chemical engineer, and the first Puerto Rican to graduate from Harvard Law School, Albizu Campos was imprisoned for twenty-five years and died under mysterious circumstances. By tracing his life and death, Denis shows how the journey of Albizu Campos is part of a larger story of Puerto Rico and US colonialism. Through oral histories, personal interviews, eyewitness accounts, congressional testimony, and recently declassified FBI files, War Against All Puerto Ricans tells the story of a forgotten revolution and its context in Puerto Rico's history, from the US invasion in 1898 to the modern-day struggle for self-determination. Denis provides an unflinching account of the gunfights, prison riots, political intrigue, FBI and CIA covert activity, and mass hysteria that accompanied this tumultuous period in Puerto Rican history.

American Empire and the Politics of Meaning

Author : Julian Go
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822389320
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis American Empire and the Politics of Meaning by : Julian Go

Download or read book American Empire and the Politics of Meaning written by Julian Go and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2008-03-14 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the United States took control of the Philippines and Puerto Rico in the wake of the Spanish-American War, it declared that it would transform its new colonies through lessons in self-government and the ways of American-style democracy. In both territories, U.S. colonial officials built extensive public school systems, and they set up American-style elections and governmental institutions. The officials aimed their lessons in democratic government at the political elite: the relatively small class of the wealthy, educated, and politically powerful within each colony. While they retained ultimate control for themselves, the Americans let the elite vote, hold local office, and formulate legislation in national assemblies. American Empire and the Politics of Meaning is an examination of how these efforts to provide the elite of Puerto Rico and the Philippines a practical education in self-government played out on the ground in the early years of American colonial rule, from 1898 until 1912. It is the first systematic comparative analysis of these early exercises in American imperial power. The sociologist Julian Go unravels how American authorities used “culture” as both a tool and a target of rule, and how the Puerto Rican and Philippine elite received, creatively engaged, and sometimes silently subverted the Americans’ ostensibly benign intentions. Rather than finding that the attempt to transplant American-style democracy led to incommensurable “culture clashes,” Go assesses complex processes of cultural accommodation and transformation. By combining rich historical detail with broader theories of meaning, culture, and colonialism, he provides an innovative study of the hidden intersections of political power and cultural meaning-making in America’s earliest overseas empire.

The Best of Travel Books Puerto Rico

Author : Rick Stone
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781530235193
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis The Best of Travel Books Puerto Rico by : Rick Stone

Download or read book The Best of Travel Books Puerto Rico written by Rick Stone and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-02-24 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you're visiting Puerto Rico for the first or the tenth time, there's no denying how charming this little island in the Caribbean is. In Puerto Rico, everything looks sunny, friendly and inviting. The air tastes of breeze and smells of Piña Colada. But Puerto Rico has so much more to offer and you'd be missing out on so much without going through this Puerto Rico Travel Guide. Puerto Rico has a small land area, but it throbs with so much fun and exhilarating sights and events that can take your breath away. In The Best of Travel Books Puerto Rico: Every Travelers' Ultimate Puerto Rico Travel Guide for the Best Caribbean Vacations, we will show you why Puerto Rico is the ultimate destination in this part of the world. The island has rich Puerto Rico History. As evidenced by towering historical destinations and colonial edifices, Puerto Rico's history, culture and tradition seeps even to this modern today. From the indigenous Taino people to the infusion of African, Spanish and American cultures, Puerto Ricans definitely have some history to boot. Puerto Rico is never devoid of places to see. Whether you want a relaxed and laid-back vacation or one filled with adventure, the island offers numerous destinations to cater to your personal vacationing preferences. Puerto Rico, is just overall, irresistible to come back to. Tourists and travelers always find new reasons to visit Puerto Rico - whether they have not gotten enough or the beach or they just can't find similar Puerto Rican mofongos anywhere else in the world. This Puerto Rico travel guide offers comprehensive information of the best of what the island has to offer, and many more of its hidden gems. If you are planning a trip to Puerto Rico, make sure you get the most of your stay there by getting your hands on this travel guide.

Health Information for International Travel 2005-2006

Author : Paul Arguin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (729 download)

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Book Synopsis Health Information for International Travel 2005-2006 by : Paul Arguin

Download or read book Health Information for International Travel 2005-2006 written by Paul Arguin and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Not-Quite States of America: Dispatches from the Territories and Other Far-Flung Outposts of the USA

Author : Doug Mack
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393247619
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (932 download)

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Book Synopsis The Not-Quite States of America: Dispatches from the Territories and Other Far-Flung Outposts of the USA by : Doug Mack

Download or read book The Not-Quite States of America: Dispatches from the Territories and Other Far-Flung Outposts of the USA written by Doug Mack and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2017-02-14 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “To truly understand the United States, one must understand The Not-Quite States of America.” —Mark Stein, best-selling author of How the States Got Their Shapes Everyone knows that America is 50 states and… some other stuff. The U.S. territories—American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands—and their 4 million people are little known and often forgotten, so Doug Mack set out on a 30,000-mile journey to learn about them. How did they come to be part of the United States? What are they like today? And why aren’t they states? Deeply researched and richly reported, The Not-Quite States of America is an entertaining and unprecedented account of the territories’ crucial yet overlooked place in the American story.

Come to Puerto Rico

Author : Maverick Cross
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Come to Puerto Rico by : Maverick Cross

Download or read book Come to Puerto Rico written by Maverick Cross and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2023-06-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Discover the wonders of Puerto Rico in this captivating travel guide." The "Come to Puerto Rico" Travel Guide, will whisk you away to the sun-drenched shores and vibrant landscapes of the enchanting Caribbean island. Immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of Puerto Rico's culture as you traverse its most enchanting places. Indulge in the tantalizing flavors of traditional Puerto Rican cuisine, savoring every mouthwatering bite. And surrender to the allure of the sun-kissed beaches, where crystal-clear waters and powder-soft sands create a picturesque paradise. Whether you're seeking adventure, relaxation, or a perfect blend of both, "Come to Puerto Rico" Travel Guide is your passport to unforgettable experiences. Regardless if you're a first-time visitor or a seasoned traveler, the wealth of information, practical advice, and insider recommendations will ensure that your journey is nothing short of extraordinary. Let the "Come to Puerto Rico" Travel Guide be your compass, leading you to the best experiences, most delectable flavors, and cherished memories that will linger long after you've turned the final page. Escape to the captivating embrace of Puerto Rico, where every chapter unfolds a new and captivating story, just waiting to be explored.

Travel to Puerto Rico, and Puerto Rico History Discovery

Author : Paul Has
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781539116608
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (166 download)

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Book Synopsis Travel to Puerto Rico, and Puerto Rico History Discovery by : Paul Has

Download or read book Travel to Puerto Rico, and Puerto Rico History Discovery written by Paul Has and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History of Puerto Rico, Travel and Tourism. Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico history, Puerto Rico travel guide, Puerto Rico facts, Puerto Rico tourism, Puerto Rico eBook. You can Access this country better ahead of your visit, by going through the Book provided for history and travel purposes.Introduction:Christopher Columbus landed in Puerto Rico in 1493, during his second voyage, naming it San Juan Bautista. The Ta�nos, the indigenous people, called the island Boriqu�n Tierra del alto se�or ("Land of the Noble Lord"). In 1508, the Spanish granted settlement rights to Juan Ponce de Le�n, who established a settlement at Caparra and became the first governor. In 1519 Caparra had to be relocated to a nearby coastal islet with a healthier environment; it was renamed Puerto Rico ("Rich Port") for its harbor, among the world's best natural bays. The two names were switched over the centuries: the island became Puerto Rico and its capital San Juan. The United States anglicized the name to "Porto Rico" when it occupied the island in 1898 after the Spanish-American War. This spelling was discontinued in 1932.

Mi María: Surviving the Storm

Author : Ricia Anne Chansky
Publisher : Haymarket Books
ISBN 13 : 1642596760
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Mi María: Surviving the Storm by : Ricia Anne Chansky

Download or read book Mi María: Surviving the Storm written by Ricia Anne Chansky and published by Haymarket Books. This book was released on 2021-09-04 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Hurricane María made landfall in Puerto Rico in September 2017, it left no part of the archipelago unscathed. The hurricane triggered floods and mudslides, washed out roads, destroyed tens of thousands of homes, farms, and businesses, caused the largest blackout in US history, knocked out communications, led to widespread food, drinking water, and gasoline shortages, and caused thousands of deaths. The seventeen oral histories collected in Mi María: Surviving the Storm share stories of surviving the storm and its long aftermath as people waited for relief and aid that rarely arrived. Zaira and her husband floated on a patched air mattress for sixteen hours while floodwaters rose around them. The road washed out in front of Emmanuel as he desperately tried to drive his pregnant wife who had begun labor to the hospital. Luis and his father anxiously counted the days that the dialysis clinic remained closed and lifesaving treatment was unavailable, while Miliana’s mother was sent home from the hospital —undiagnosed— only to fall critically ill in her own home. Weaving together long-form oral histories and shorter testimonios, the book offers a multivocal peoples’ history of disaster that fosters a greater understanding of the failures of governmental disaster response and the correlating perseverance of the people impacted by these failures, highlighting the colonial relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States. Ultimately, the ways in which these oral histories demonstrate the strength of community response to disaster in Puerto Rico are pertinent to other parts of the world that are being impacted by our current climate emergency.

Lonely Planet Puerto Rico

Author : Brendan Sainsbury
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781741047233
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (472 download)

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Book Synopsis Lonely Planet Puerto Rico by : Brendan Sainsbury

Download or read book Lonely Planet Puerto Rico written by Brendan Sainsbury and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you like it outdoorsy, take a leisurely coastal bike ride or volunteer to work with egg-laying turtles on Playa Brava. If you're more of a heel-kickin' type, Puerto Rico's got a salsa scene that will more than scratch that itch. * Detailed maps * Dedicated music chapter and expanded outdoors section * Interviews with locals * Increased coverage of sustainable travel * The pick of Puerto Rico's hotels and hostels

History of Puerto Rico, Travel and Tourism

Author : Oliver Alger
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781534627819
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis History of Puerto Rico, Travel and Tourism by : Oliver Alger

Download or read book History of Puerto Rico, Travel and Tourism written by Oliver Alger and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History of Puerto Rico, Travel and Tourism. Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico history, Puerto Rico travel guide, Puerto Rico facts, Puerto Rico tourism, Puerto Rico eBook. You can Access this country better ahead of your visit, by going through the Book provided for history and travel purposes.Introduction:Christopher Columbus landed in Puerto Rico in 1493, during his second voyage, naming it San Juan Bautista. The Taínos, the indigenous people, called the island Boriquén Tierra del alto señor ("Land of the Noble Lord"). In 1508, the Spanish granted settlement rights to Juan Ponce de León, who established a settlement at Caparra and became the first governor. In 1519 Caparra had to be relocated to a nearby coastal islet with a healthier environment; it was renamed Puerto Rico ("Rich Port") for its harbor, among the world's best natural bays. The two names were switched over the centuries: the island became Puerto Rico and its capital San Juan. The United States anglicized the name to "Porto Rico" when it occupied the island in 1898 after the Spanish-American War. This spelling was discontinued in 1932.