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Author : Ali Bourig
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (56 download)
Download or read book Combustion Modification by Non-thermal Plasma written by Ali Bourig and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Applying Non-thermal Plasma on Combustion Stability and Emissions of NOx and CO in a Model Gas Turbine Combustor written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Application of a Non-thermal Plasma to Combustion Enhancement written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a primary objective, researchers in Los Alamos National Laboratory's P-24 Plasma Physics group are aiming to minimize U.S. energy dependency on foreign resources through experiments incorporating a plasma assisted combustion unit. Under this broad category, researchers seek to increase efficiency and reduce NO(subscript x)/SO(subscript x) and unburned hydrocarbon emissions in IC-engines, gas-turbine engines, and burner units. To date, the existing lean burn operations, consisting of higher air to fuel ratio, have successfully operated in a regime where reduced NO(subscript x)/SO(subscript x) emissions are expected and have also shown increased combustion efficiency (less unburned hydrocarbon) for propane. By incorporating a lean burn operation assisted by a non-thermal plasma (NTP) reactor, the fracturing of hydrocarbons can occur with increased power (combustion, efficiency, and stability). Non-thermal plasma units produce energetic electrons, but avoid the high gas and ion temperatures involved in thermal plasmas. One non-thermal plasma method, known as silent discharge, allows free radicals to act in propagating combustion reactions, as well as intermediaries in hydrocarbon fracturing. Using non-thermal plasma units, researchers have developed a fuel activation/conversion system capable of decreasing pollutants while increasing fuel efficiency, providing a path toward future U.S. energy independence.
Author : Bernie M. Penetrante
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642784763
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)
Download or read book Non-Thermal Plasma Techniques for Pollution Control written by Bernie M. Penetrante and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, and smog are preeminent environmental problems facing the world today. Non-thermal plasma techniques offer an innovative approach to the solution of some of these problems. There are many types of non-thermal plasma devices that have been developed for environmental applications. The potential of these devices for the destruction of pollutants or toxic molecules has already been demonstrated in many contexts, such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in flue gases, heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial effluents, and chemical agents such as nerve gases. This book contains a comprehensive account of the latest developments in non-thermal plasma devices and their applications to the disposal of a wide variety of gaseous pollutants.
Author : Tiernan Albert Casey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)
Download or read book Electric Field Effects in Combustion with Non-thermal Plasma written by Tiernan Albert Casey and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemically reacting zones such as flames act as sources of charged species and can thus be considered as weakly-ionized plasmas. As such, the action of an externally applied electric field has the potential to affect the dynamics of reaction zones by enhancing transport, altering the local chemical composition, activating reaction pathways, and by providing additional thermal energy through the interaction of electrons with neutral molecules. To investigate these effects, one-dimensional simulations of reacting flows are performed including the treatment of charged species transport and non-thermal electron chemistry using a modified reacting fluid solver. A particular area of interest is that of plasma assisted ignition, which is investigated in a canonical one-dimensional configuration. An incipient ignition kernel, formed by localized energy deposition into a lean mixture of methane and air at atmospheric pressure, is subjected to sub-breakdown electric fields by applied voltages across the domain, resulting in non-thermal behavior of the electron sub-fluid formed during the discharge. Strong electric fields cause charged species to be rapidly transported from the ignition zone across the domain in opposite directions as charge fronts, augmenting the magnitude of the electric field in the fresh gas during the pulse through a dynamic-electrode effect. This phenomenon results in an increase in the energy of the electrons in the fresh mixture with increasing time, accelerating electron impact dissociation processes. A semi-analytic model to represent this dynamic electrode effect is constructed to highlight the relative simplicity of the electrodynamic problem admitted by the far more detailed chemistry and transport. Enhanced fuel and oxidizer decomposition due to electron impact dissociation and interaction with excited neutrals generate a pool of radicals, mostly O and H, in the fresh gas ahead of the flame's preheat zone. The effect of nanosecond pulses are to increase the mass of fuel burned at equivalent times relative to the unsupported ignition through enhanced radical generation, resulting in an increased heat release rate in the immediate aftermath of the pulse.
Author : Masaaki Okubo
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819945062
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)
Download or read book Nonthermal Plasma Surface Modification of Materials written by Masaaki Okubo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-02 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamentals and applicability of the atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasma surface modification of materials. Non-thermal plasma modification is an effective procedure for chemical activation. In this book, the principles of non-thermal plasma surface modification and its application to various machine parts are described. By reading this book, technologists from a variety of fields can learn about plasma generation and surface treatment technology, which will assist them in performing advanced procedures. This book also explains the basics of atmospheric-pressure plasma and the principle of plasma treatment in an easy-to-understand manner and also provides examples of the application of atmospheric-pressure plasma surface modification technologies to plastics, glass, polymers, and metals. After reading this book, readers can get the knowledge that researchers need to apply the methodology to meet their own research goals. The book is self-contained in the sense that it spans the divide between the fundamentals and more advanced content regarding applications. Many engineers and graduate students working in this field get many helps.
Author : Annemie Bogaerts
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038977500
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Author : Michael Keidar
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1643274341
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (432 download)
Download or read book Cold Plasma Cancer Therapy written by Michael Keidar and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) emerges as a possible new modality for cancer treatment. This book provides a comprehensive introduction into fundamentals of the CAP and plasma devices used in plasma medicine. An analysis of the mechanisms of plasma interaction with cancer and normal cells including description of possible mechanisms of plasma selectivity is included. Recent advances in the field, the primary challenges and future directions are presented.
Author : Bernie M. Penetrante
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783540571742
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (717 download)
Download or read book Non-Thermal Plasma Techniques for Pollution Control written by Bernie M. Penetrante and published by Springer. This book was released on 1993-12-20 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, and smog are preeminent environmental problems facing the world today. Non-thermal plasma techniques offer an innovative approach to the solution of some of these problems. There are many types of non-thermal plasma devices that have been developed for environmental applications. The potential of these devices for the destruction of pollutants or toxic molecules has already been demonstrated in many contexts, such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in flue gases, heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial effluents, and chemical agents such as nerve gases. This book contains a comprehensive account of the latest developments in non-thermal plasma devices and their applications to the disposal of a wide variety of gaseous pollutants.
Author : Carmen Guerra García
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Non-thermal Plasmas in Flames and Other Inhomogeneous Environments written by Carmen Guerra García and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-thermal plasmas in non-uniform gases appear in several technological applications (plasma assisted combustion and aerodynamics, and plasma jets), as well as in natural phenomena (sprites). Whereas in the case of plasma jets and sprites this problem has captured significant attention, the implications of an inhomogeneous background gas in the other fields need to be further explored. In particular, non-thermal plasmas used to assist or stabilize flames are subject to gradients in temperature, composition and pre-ionization, which impact the electrical breakdown characteristics and the energy coupling to the flame and its flow field. In this dissertation, the impact of such inhomogeneities in the breakdown modes of repetitive pulsed nanosecond discharges, one of the main strategies used for plasma creation in the field of plasma assisted combustion, is explored. First, a simplified non-reacting platform is proposed that consists on a sandwich-like structure of gases with different ionization properties, due to differences in composition or temperature. In this configuration, selective breakdown of a region of favorable ionization was experimentally observed, even when this region was not in contact with the electrodes. A numerical model was used to explain the dynamics of streamers at the interface of two distinct gases, within the layered gas configuration. Many similarities with traditional dielectric barrier discharges are revealed, where the role of the solid dielectric is played by the more insulating gas. The experiments were then extended to a counterflow nonpremixed flame environment for which selective excitation of the flame was also observed. Such a strategy ensures that the plasma-created radicals and short-lived species participate in the combustion reactions, but it is achieved at the expense of a limited energy deposition. Finally, a discussion of experimental observations using AC voltage in the kHz range on the counterflow nonpremixed flame, highlights the role of the finite size of the pre-ionization zone on the conversion of the electrical energy into kinetic energy of the flow (ionic winds).
Author : Sabu Thomas
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128131535
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Non-Thermal Plasma Technology for Polymeric Materials written by Sabu Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Thermal Plasma Technology for Polymeric Materials: Applications in Composites, Nanostructured Materials and Biomedical Fields provides both an introduction and practical guide to plasma synthesis, modification and processing of polymers, their composites, nancomposites, blends, IPNs and gels. It examines the current state-of-the-art and new challenges in the field, including the use of plasma treatment to enhance adhesion, characterization techniques, and the environmental aspects of the process. Particular attention is paid to the effects on the final properties of composites and the characterization of fiber/polymer surface interactions. This book helps demystify the process of plasma polymerization, providing a thorough grounding in the fundamentals of plasma technology as they relate to polymers. It is ideal for materials scientists, polymer chemists, and engineers, acting as a guide to further research into new applications of this technology in the real world. - Enables materials scientists and engineers to deploy plasma technology for surface treatment, characterization and analysis of polymeric materials - Reviews the state-of-the-art in plasma technology for polymer synthesis and processing - Presents detailed coverage of the most advanced applications for plasma polymerization, particularly in medicine and biomedical engineering, areas such as implants, biosensors and tissue engineering
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Fundamental Limitations of Non-thermal Plasma Processing for Internal Combustion Engine NO(subscript X) Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the physics and chemistry of non-thermal plasma processing for post-combustion NO(subscript x) control in internal combustion engines. A comparison of electron beam and electrical discharge processing is made regarding their power consumption, radical production, NO(subscript x) removal mechanisms, and by product formation. Can non-thermal deNO(subscript x) operate efficiently without additives or catalysts? How much electrical power does it cost to operate? What are the by-products of the process? This paper addresses these fundamental issues based on an analysis of the electron-molecule processes and chemical kinetics.
Author : Jörg Florian Friedrich
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 352764802X
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book The Plasma Chemistry of Polymer Surfaces written by Jörg Florian Friedrich and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-13 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 99% of all visible matter in the universe occurs as highly ionized gas plasma with high energy content. Electrical low- and atmospheric-pressure plasmas are characterized by continuous source of moderate quantities of energy or enthalpy transferred predominantly as kinetic energy of electrons. Therefore, such energetically unbalanced plasmas have low gas temperature but produce sufficient energy for inelastic collisions with atoms and molecules in the gas phase, thus producing reactive species and photons, which are able to initiate all types of polymerizations or activate any surface of low reactive polymers. However, the broadly distributed energies in the plasma exceed partially the binding energies in polymers, thus initiating very often unselective reactions and polymer degradation. The intention of this book is to present new plasma processes and new plasma reactions of high selectivity and high yield. This book aims to bridge classical and plasma chemistry, particularly focusing on polymer chemistry in the bulk and on the surface under plasma exposure. The stability of surface functionalization and the qualitative and quantitative measurement of functional groups at polymer surface are featured prominently, and chemical pathways for suppressing the undesirable side effects of plasma exposure are proposed and illustrated with numerous examples. Special attention is paid to the smooth transition from inanimate polymer surfaces to modified bioactive polymer surfaces. A wide range of techniques, plasma types and applications are demonstrated.
Author : Bernie M. Penetrante
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642784781
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (847 download)
Download or read book Non-Thermal Plasma Techniques for Pollution Control written by Bernie M. Penetrante and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-12-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, and smog are preeminent environmental problems facing the world today. Non-thermal plasma techniques offer an innovative approach to the solution of some of these problems. There are many types of non-thermal plasma devices that have been developed for environmental applications. The potential of these devices for the destruction of pollutants or toxic molecules has already been demonstrated in many contexts, such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in flue gases, heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial effluents, and chemical agents such as nerve gases. This book contains a comprehensive account of the latest developments in non-thermal plasma devices and their applications to the disposal of a wide variety of gaseous pollutants.
Author : Ashok K. Singh
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030569810
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Ash from Coal and Biomass Combustion written by Ashok K. Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-12 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a concise book with comprehensive information on coal and biomass ash generated from their combustion in thermal power plants. It presents detailed studies on ash generated from contrasting coal and biomass feedstocks, and provides a comparative evaluation of these different ashes in terms of their origin, properties, environmental hazards. Potential utilizations with specific advantages and disadvantages of the respective ashes are elaborated in detail, including some innovative means of ash utilization for value addition purposes. By addressing both the theory and commercial exploitation of these products, this book will be helpful for industrialists, academicians and researchers alike.
Author : Pablo Diaz Gomez Maqueo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book Non-thermal Plasma Discharges for Methane Reforming written by Pablo Diaz Gomez Maqueo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis presents the experimental study of non-thermal plasmas applied to methane reforming at atmospheric pressure. The resulting hydrogen-containing gas is studied as a potential fuel additive to increase chemical reactivity in gas turbine engine conditions. Reactivity control is proposed as a fuel flexibility technology for low calorific fuels and as a mean to operate in low emission conditions such as lean premixed combustion.The experimental section of the thesis is focused on the characterization of pulsed-powered non-thermal discharge plasmas as fuel reformers. The experimental reactor consists of a pin to plane plasma chamber designed to be optically accessible and to isolate the reacting gases from the surrounding air. The applied voltage pulse duration is on the order of 100 ns to prevent thermalization of the plasma channel and to decouple thermal energy from excitation energy delivered by the discharge. When a voltage pulse is applied to the pin electrode, two stable regimes are identified: a diffuse regime with a plasma that occupies most of the inter-electrode volume, and a filamentary regime with constricted spark-like filaments. The first regime operates at a maximum energy per pulse of 1.3 mJ with negligible conversion efficiency. On the contrary, the filamentary regime reaches a maximum energy per pulse of 13.9 mJ with conversion and energy efficiencies of 26.3 % and 19.7 % respectively. Both regimes have gas temperatures estimated to be near 500 K, and there is no correlation with respect to the energy per pulse. The results suggest that the more energetic filamentary regime is not heating the gas, but rather delivering the energy towards better conversion efficiencies.To study the individual contributions of reactant temperature, pulse repetition frequency, and energy per pulse on the reforming performance of the reactor, a new high voltage pulser was developed and a preheating system capable of reaching 800 K was added. Temperature estimations show that varying the energy per pulse has a minimal effect on the temperature of the gas, while increasing the frequency heats the gas up to 777 K. Increasing reactant temperature is shown to have a negligible effect, while increasing the pulse repetition frequency has the strongest effect on conversion and energy efficiency. Additionally, the best performance is observed in partial oxidation, reaching a maximum conversion efficiency of 68.2 % and an energy efficiency of 31.5 %.The obtained results demonstrate the applicability of nanosecond repetitively-pulsed discharges as methane reformers. Capable of producing mixtures with up to 29.7 % hydrogen, these discharges can be used to increase chemical reactivity in gas turbine engine conditions as shown by the numerical simulations. This conversion is not dependent on the reactant temperature, but rather on the total amount of energy deposited by the discharge. Additionally, increasing the repetition frequency of the discharge seems to have the largest increase in efficiency, pointing towards future optimization of plasma-assisted fuel reforming technologies." --
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428902805
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
