Cognitive Biases In Health And Psychiatric Disorders

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Cognitive Biases in Health and Psychiatric Disorders

Author : Tatjana Aue
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128166614
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Biases in Health and Psychiatric Disorders by : Tatjana Aue

Download or read book Cognitive Biases in Health and Psychiatric Disorders written by Tatjana Aue and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-02-23 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Biases in Health and Psychiatric Disorders: Neurophysiological Foundations focuses on the neurophysiological basis of biases in attention, interpretation, expectancy and memory. Each chapter includes a review of each specific bias, including both positive and negative information in both healthy individuals and psychiatric populations. This book provides readers with major theories, methods used in investigating biases, brain regions associated with the related bias, and autonomic responses to specific biases. Its end goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the neural, autonomic and cognitive mechanisms related to processing biases. - Outlines neurophysiological research on diverse types of information processing bias, including attention bias, expectancy bias, interpretation bias, and memory bias - Discusses both normal and pathological forms of each cognitive biases - Provides specific examples on how to translate research on cognitive biases to clinical applications

Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309439124
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-09-03 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 4 Americans will experience a mental health problem or will misuse alcohol or drugs in their lifetimes. These disorders are among the most highly stigmatized health conditions in the United States, and they remain barriers to full participation in society in areas as basic as education, housing, and employment. Improving the lives of people with mental health and substance abuse disorders has been a priority in the United States for more than 50 years. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 is considered a major turning point in America's efforts to improve behavioral healthcare. It ushered in an era of optimism and hope and laid the groundwork for the consumer movement and new models of recovery. The consumer movement gave voice to people with mental and substance use disorders and brought their perspectives and experience into national discussions about mental health. However over the same 50-year period, positive change in American public attitudes and beliefs about mental and substance use disorders has lagged behind these advances. Stigma is a complex social phenomenon based on a relationship between an attribute and a stereotype that assigns undesirable labels, qualities, and behaviors to a person with that attribute. Labeled individuals are then socially devalued, which leads to inequality and discrimination. This report contributes to national efforts to understand and change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that can lead to stigma and discrimination. Changing stigma in a lasting way will require coordinated efforts, which are based on the best possible evidence, supported at the national level with multiyear funding, and planned and implemented by an effective coalition of representative stakeholders. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change explores stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental or substance use disorders and recommends effective strategies for reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment and other supportive services. It offers a set of conclusions and recommendations about successful stigma change strategies and the research needed to inform and evaluate these efforts in the United States.

The Science of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Author : Stefan G. Hofmann
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128034580
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy by : Stefan G. Hofmann

Download or read book The Science of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy written by Stefan G. Hofmann and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy describes the scientific approach of CBT, reviews the efficacy and validity of the CBT model, and exemplifies important differences and commonalities of CBT approaches. The overarching principle of CBT interventions is that cognitions causally influence emotional experiences and behaviors. The book reviews recent mediation studies, experimental studies, and neuroimaging studies in affective neuroscience that support the basic model of CBT, as well as those that clarify the mechanisms of treatment change. Additionally, the book explains the interplay of cognition and emotion in CBT, specifies the treatment goals of CBT, discusses the relationship of cognitive models with medical models and associated diagnostic systems, and provides concrete illustrations of important general and disorder-specific considerations of CBT. - Investigates the scientific foundation of CBT - Explores the interplay of emotion and cognition in CBT - Reviews neuroscience studies on the mechanisms of change in CBT - Identifies similarities and differences in CBT approaches for different disorders - Discusses CBT extensions and modifications - Describes computer assisted applications of CBT

Cognitive Vulnerability to Emotional Disorders

Author : Lauren B. Alloy
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135648778
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Vulnerability to Emotional Disorders by : Lauren B. Alloy

Download or read book Cognitive Vulnerability to Emotional Disorders written by Lauren B. Alloy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-04-21 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emotional disorders such as anxiety, depression, and dysfunctional patterns of eating are clearly among the most devastating and prevalent confronting practitioners, and they have received much attention from researchers--in personality, social, cognitive, and developmental psychology, as well as in clinical psychology and psychiatry. A major recent focus has been cognitive vulnerability, which seems to set the stage for recurrences of symptoms and episodes. In the last five years there has been a rapid proliferation of studies. In this book, leading experts present the first broad synthesis of what we have now learned about the nature, of cognitive factors that seem to play a crucial role in creating and maintaining vulnerability across the spectrum of emotional disorders. An introductory chapter considers theory and research design and methodology and constructs a general conceptual framework for understanding and studying the relationships between developmental and cognitive variables and later risk, and the difference between distal cognitive antecedents of disorders (e.g. depressive inferential styles, dysfunctional attitudes) and proximal ones (e.g. schema activation or inferences). Subsequent chapters are organized into three sections, on mood, anxiety, and eating disorders. Each section ends with an integrative overview chapter that offers both incisive commentary and insightful suggestions for further systematic research. A rich resource for all those professionally concerned with these problems, Cognitive Vulnerability to Emotional Disorders advances both clinical science and clinical practice.

The Social Determinants of Mental Health

Author : Michael T. Compton
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 1585625175
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (856 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Determinants of Mental Health by : Michael T. Compton

Download or read book The Social Determinants of Mental Health written by Michael T. Compton and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Determinants of Mental Health aims to fill the gap that exists in the psychiatric, scholarly, and policy-related literature on the social determinants of mental health: those factors stemming from where we learn, play, live, work, and age that impact our overall mental health and well-being. The editors and an impressive roster of chapter authors from diverse scholarly backgrounds provide detailed information on topics such as discrimination and social exclusion; adverse early life experiences; poor education; unemployment, underemployment, and job insecurity; income inequality, poverty, and neighborhood deprivation; food insecurity; poor housing quality and housing instability; adverse features of the built environment; and poor access to mental health care. This thought-provoking book offers many beneficial features for clinicians and public health professionals: Clinical vignettes are included, designed to make the content accessible to readers who are primarily clinicians and also to demonstrate the practical, individual-level applicability of the subject matter for those who typically work at the public health, population, and/or policy level. Policy implications are discussed throughout, designed to make the content accessible to readers who work primarily at the public health or population level and also to demonstrate the policy relevance of the subject matter for those who typically work at the clinical level. All chapters include five to six key points that focus on the most important content, helping to both prepare the reader with a brief overview of the chapter's main points and reinforce the "take-away" messages afterward. In addition to the main body of the book, which focuses on selected individual social determinants of mental health, the volume includes an in-depth overview that summarizes the editors' and their colleagues' conceptualization, as well as a final chapter coauthored by Dr. David Satcher, 16th Surgeon General of the United States, that serves as a "Call to Action," offering specific actions that can be taken by both clinicians and policymakers to address the social determinants of mental health. The editors have succeeded in the difficult task of balancing the individual/clinical/patient perspective and the population/public health/community point of view, while underscoring the need for both groups to work in a unified way to address the inequities in twenty-first century America. The Social Determinants of Mental Health gives readers the tools to understand and act to improve mental health and reduce risk for mental illnesses for individuals and communities. Students preparing for the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) will also benefit from this book, as the MCAT in 2015 will test applicants' knowledge of social determinants of health. The social determinants of mental health are not distinct from the social determinants of physical health, although they deserve special emphasis given the prevalence and burden of poor mental health.

Mental Health

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Mental Health by :

Download or read book Mental Health written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Behavior Therapy and Psychological Science

Author : Paul R. Martin
Publisher : Pergamon
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Behavior Therapy and Psychological Science by : Paul R. Martin

Download or read book Handbook of Behavior Therapy and Psychological Science written by Paul R. Martin and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1991 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Schizophrenia Treatment

Author : Yu-Chih Shen
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535128256
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Schizophrenia Treatment by : Yu-Chih Shen

Download or read book Schizophrenia Treatment written by Yu-Chih Shen and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-12-14 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schizophrenia treatment has many facets. This book begins with the glutamatergic and GABAergic hypofunctioning contribute to the schizophrenic symptoms and their current targeted therapeutics. The genetic, epigenetic, and immune etiologies of schizophrenia and their potential targeted therapeutics as approached in this book are interesting. Understanding cognitive biases and delusional circuits in schizophrenia is important; several behavioral cognitive therapies working on the reduction and avoidance of these cognitive biases are demonstrating their effectiveness. Advances in schizophrenia treatment followed, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and special sport program, are presented at the book's end.

Risk and Reason in Clinical Diagnosis

Author : Cym Anthony Ryle
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190944021
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Risk and Reason in Clinical Diagnosis by : Cym Anthony Ryle

Download or read book Risk and Reason in Clinical Diagnosis written by Cym Anthony Ryle and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-13 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate diagnosis is the foundation of medical practice, but at the start of the diagnostic process, uncertainty is inevitable. The clinician's skills and cognitive attributes determine the quality of the initial differential diagnosis and thus the crucial first phases of investigation and treatment; mistakes are often self-propagating. Diagnostic error is a major cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality, and is the commonest reason for successful litigation. Risk and Reasoning in Clinical Diagnosis is an accessible and readable look at the diagnostic process. Dr. Cym Ryle presents the insights and concepts developed in cognitive psychology which have led to the consensus that in all domains human reasoning is primarily driven by unconscious, intuitive mechanisms; the contribution of structured, analytical thinking is variable and inconsistent. He notes that the risk of error is inseparable from these mechanisms. Dr. Ryle then develops a description of the diagnostic process which encompasses its form, strengths and fallibility, and illustrates this description with examples from his work as a general practitioner. He argues that improving diagnostic accuracy should be a priority, and that there is sufficient evidence to guide changes in medical training, in clinical practice, and in the culture and organisation of our institutions. He identifies specific, practical steps that can be taken by individual clinicians and by clinical teams, suggests priorities for action in our institutions, and considers the obstacles to progress.

Crossing the Quality Chasm

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309132967
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Crossing the Quality Chasm by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Crossing the Quality Chasm written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second in a series of publications from the Institute of Medicine's Quality of Health Care in America project Today's health care providers have more research findings and more technology available to them than ever before. Yet recent reports have raised serious doubts about the quality of health care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm makes an urgent call for fundamental change to close the quality gap. This book recommends a sweeping redesign of the American health care system and provides overarching principles for specific direction for policymakers, health care leaders, clinicians, regulators, purchasers, and others. In this comprehensive volume the committee offers: A set of performance expectations for the 21st century health care system. A set of 10 new rules to guide patient-clinician relationships. A suggested organizing framework to better align the incentives inherent in payment and accountability with improvements in quality. Key steps to promote evidence-based practice and strengthen clinical information systems. Analyzing health care organizations as complex systems, Crossing the Quality Chasm also documents the causes of the quality gap, identifies current practices that impede quality care, and explores how systems approaches can be used to implement change.

Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Author : Amy Wenzel
Publisher : American Psychological Association (APA)
ISBN 13 : 9781433834813
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy by : Amy Wenzel

Download or read book Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy written by Amy Wenzel and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V. 1. Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapy -- v. 2. Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapy.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Author : Dr Katharine Phillips
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190254157
Total Pages : 601 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Body Dysmorphic Disorder by : Dr Katharine Phillips

Download or read book Body Dysmorphic Disorder written by Dr Katharine Phillips and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark book is the first comprehensive edited volume on body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a common and severe disorder. People with BDD are preoccupied with distressing or impairing preoccupations with non-existent or slight defects in their physical appearance. People with BDD think that they look ugly -- even monstrous -- although they look normal to others. BDD often derails sufferers' lives and can lead to suicide. BDD has been described around the world since the 1800s but was virtually unknown and unstudied until only several decades ago. Since then, research on BDD has dramatically increased understanding of this often-debilitating condition. Only recently, BDD was considered untreatable, but today, most sufferers can be successfully treated. This is the only book that provides comprehensive, in-depth, up-to-date information on BDD's clinical features, history, classification, epidemiology, morbidity, features in special populations, diagnosis and assessment, etiology and pathophysiology, treatment, and relationship to other disorders. Numerous chapters focus on cosmetic treatment, because it is frequently received but usually ineffective for BDD, which can lead to legal action and even violence toward treating clinicians. The book includes numerous clinical cases, which illustrate BDD's clinical features, its often-profound consequences, and recommended treatment approaches. This volume's contributors are the leading researchers and clinicians in this rapidly expanding field. Editor Katharine A. Phillips, head of the DSM-V committee on BDD, has done pioneering research on many aspects of this disorder, including its treatment. This book will be of interest to all clinicians who provide mental health treatment and to researchers in BDD, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and other obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. It will be indispensable to surgeons, dermatologists, and other clinicians who provide cosmetic treatment. Students and trainees with an interest in psychology and mental health will also be interested in this book. This book fills a major gap in the literature by providing clinicians and researchers with cutting-edge, indispensable information on all aspects of BDD and its treatment.

The Politics of Evidence

Author : Justin Parkhurst
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131738086X
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Evidence by : Justin Parkhurst

Download or read book The Politics of Evidence written by Justin Parkhurst and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. There has been an enormous increase in interest in the use of evidence for public policymaking, but the vast majority of work on the subject has failed to engage with the political nature of decision making and how this influences the ways in which evidence will be used (or misused) within political areas. This book provides new insights into the nature of political bias with regards to evidence and critically considers what an ‘improved’ use of evidence would look like from a policymaking perspective. Part I describes the great potential for evidence to help achieve social goals, as well as the challenges raised by the political nature of policymaking. It explores the concern of evidence advocates that political interests drive the misuse or manipulation of evidence, as well as counter-concerns of critical policy scholars about how appeals to ‘evidence-based policy’ can depoliticise political debates. Both concerns reflect forms of bias – the first representing technical bias, whereby evidence use violates principles of scientific best practice, and the second representing issue bias in how appeals to evidence can shift political debates to particular questions or marginalise policy-relevant social concerns. Part II then draws on the fields of policy studies and cognitive psychology to understand the origins and mechanisms of both forms of bias in relation to political interests and values. It illustrates how such biases are not only common, but can be much more predictable once we recognise their origins and manifestations in policy arenas. Finally, Part III discusses ways to move forward for those seeking to improve the use of evidence in public policymaking. It explores what constitutes ‘good evidence for policy’, as well as the ‘good use of evidence’ within policy processes, and considers how to build evidence-advisory institutions that embed key principles of both scientific good practice and democratic representation. Taken as a whole, the approach promoted is termed the ‘good governance of evidence’ – a concept that represents the use of rigorous, systematic and technically valid pieces of evidence within decision-making processes that are representative of, and accountable to, populations served.

Schizophrenia

Author : Neil A. Rector
Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 1609182383
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Schizophrenia by : Neil A. Rector

Download or read book Schizophrenia written by Neil A. Rector and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Aaron T. Beck and colleagues, this is the definitive work on the cognitive model of schizophrenia and its treatment. The volume integrates cognitive-behavioral and biological knowledge into a comprehensive conceptual framework. It examines the origins, development, and maintenance of key symptom areas: delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms, and formal thought disorder. Treatment chapters then offer concrete guidance for addressing each type of symptom, complete with case examples and session outlines. Anyone who treats or studies serious mental illness will find a new level of understanding together with theoretically and empirically grounded clinical techniques.

Clinical Handbook of Fear and Anxiety

Author : Jonathan S. Abramowitz
Publisher : American Psychological Association (APA)
ISBN 13 : 9781433830655
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Handbook of Fear and Anxiety by : Jonathan S. Abramowitz

Download or read book Clinical Handbook of Fear and Anxiety written by Jonathan S. Abramowitz and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2019-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to the psychological processes and empirically supported mechanisms of change that are relevant across diverse presentations of clinical anxiety.

Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making

Author : Derek J. Koehler
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470752912
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making by : Derek J. Koehler

Download or read book Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making written by Derek J. Koehler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making is a state-of-the art overview of current topics and research in the study of how people make evaluations, draw inferences, and make decisions under conditions of uncertainty and conflict. Contains contributions by experts from various disciplines that reflect current trends and controversies on judgment and decision making. Provides a glimpse at the many approaches that have been taken in the study of judgment and decision making and portrays the major findings in the field. Presents examinations of the broader roles of social, emotional, and cultural influences on decision making. Explores applications of judgment and decision making research to important problems in a variety of professional contexts, including finance, accounting, medicine, public policy, and the law.

Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133661
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-29 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year, more than 33 million Americans receive health care for mental or substance-use conditions, or both. Together, mental and substance-use illnesses are the leading cause of death and disability for women, the highest for men ages 15-44, and the second highest for all men. Effective treatments exist, but services are frequently fragmented and, as with general health care, there are barriers that prevent many from receiving these treatments as designed or at all. The consequences of this are seriousâ€"for these individuals and their families; their employers and the workforce; for the nation's economy; as well as the education, welfare, and justice systems. Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions examines the distinctive characteristics of health care for mental and substance-use conditions, including payment, benefit coverage, and regulatory issues, as well as health care organization and delivery issues. This new volume in the Quality Chasm series puts forth an agenda for improving the quality of this care based on this analysis. Patients and their families, primary health care providers, specialty mental health and substance-use treatment providers, health care organizations, health plans, purchasers of group health care, and all involved in health care for mental and substanceâ€"use conditions will benefit from this guide to achieving better care.