Cognition In Individual And Social Contexts

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Social Context and Cognitive Performance

Author : Pascal Huguet
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134840772
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Context and Cognitive Performance by : Pascal Huguet

Download or read book Social Context and Cognitive Performance written by Pascal Huguet and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on twenty years of research on the social regulation of academic performances, this book offers theoretical and empirical arguments in favour of the inclusion of the social dimension of human beings as essential for their cognitive activities. We all engage in social interactions, compare ourselves with other people, belong to social groups, and are the object of a myriad of categorisations. Not only do such social experiences affect cognition, but they actually determine its form and its content. Several experiments indeed reveal that cognitive performance depends on the relationship between the individual and the social context in which cognition takes place. And this relationship is not forged directly by features of the situation, but rather by personal construals of these features (most notably social comparison). This fact alone justifies granting the individual's social experiences a psychological status and it further strengthens the key idea of this book, namely that the social context only exists through the intervention of cognitive processes of contextualization (producing a "cognitive context of the self") such as those involved in autobiographical memory. A "social psychology of cognition" is suggested, in which the fashionable distinction between cognition and social cognition makes no sense. From this innovative perspective it is indeed more the social nature of the individual rather than that of the object to be processed that defines the social nature of cognition. Well-known phenomena such as social facilitation and social loafing as well as established educational practices are also re-examined from this perspective.

Distributed Cognition and the Will

Author : Don Ross
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262681692
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (626 download)

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Book Synopsis Distributed Cognition and the Will by : Don Ross

Download or read book Distributed Cognition and the Will written by Don Ross and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophers and behavioral scientists discuss what, if anything, of the traditional concept of individual conscious will can survive recent scientific discoveries that human decision-making is distributed across different brain processes and through the social environment. Recent scientific findings about human decision making would seem to threaten the traditional concept of the individual conscious will. The will is threatened from "below" by the discovery that our apparently spontaneous actions are actually controlled and initiated from below the level of our conscious awareness, and from "above" by the recognition that we adapt our actions according to social dynamics of which we are seldom aware. In Distributed Cognition and the Will, leading philosophers and behavioral scientists consider how much, if anything, of the traditional concept of the individual conscious will survives these discoveries, and they assess the implications for our sense of freedom and responsibility. The contributors all take science seriously, and they are inspired by the idea that apparent threats to the cogency of the idea of will might instead become the basis of its reemergence as a scientific subject. They consider macro-scale issues of society and culture, the micro-scale dynamics of the mind/brain, and connections between macro-scale and micro-scale phenomena in the self-guidance and self-regulation of personal behavior. Contributors George Ainslie, Wayne Christensen, Andy Clark, Paul Sheldon Davies, Daniel C. Dennett, Lawrence A. Lengbeyer, Dan Lloyd, Philip Pettit, Don Ross, Tamler Sommers, Betsy Sparrow, Mariam Thalos, Jeffrey B. Vancouver, Daniel M. Wegner, Tadeusz W. Zawidzki

Cognition in the Wild

Author : Edwin Hutchins
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262581469
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognition in the Wild by : Edwin Hutchins

Download or read book Cognition in the Wild written by Edwin Hutchins and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996-08-26 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edwin Hutchins combines his background as an anthropologist and an open ocean racing sailor and navigator in this account of how anthropological methods can be combined with cognitive theory to produce a new reading of cognitive science. His theoretical insights are grounded in an extended analysis of ship navigation—its computational basis, its historical roots, its social organization, and the details of its implementation in actual practice aboard large ships. The result is an unusual interdisciplinary approach to cognition in culturally constituted activities outside the laboratory—"in the wild." Hutchins examines a set of phenomena that have fallen in the cracks between the established disciplines of psychology and anthropology, bringing to light a new set of relationships between culture and cognition. The standard view is that culture affects the cognition of individuals. Hutchins argues instead that cultural activity systems have cognitive properties of their own that are different from the cognitive properties of the individuals who participate in them. Each action for bringing a large naval vessel into port, for example, is informed by culture: the navigation team can be seen as a cognitive and computational system. Introducing Navy life and work on the bridge, Hutchins makes a clear distinction between the cognitive properties of an individual and the cognitive properties of a system. In striking contrast to the usual laboratory tasks of research in cognitive science, he applies the principal metaphor of cognitive science—cognition as computation (adopting David Marr's paradigm)—to the navigation task. After comparing modern Western navigation with the method practiced in Micronesia, Hutchins explores the computational and cognitive properties of systems that are larger than an individual. He then turns to an analysis of learning or change in the organization of cognitive systems at several scales. Hutchins's conclusion illustrates the costs of ignoring the cultural nature of cognition, pointing to the ways in which contemporary cognitive science can be transformed by new meanings and interpretations. A Bradford Book

Social Cognition in Psychosis

Author : Kathryn Eve Lewandowski
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128153156
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Cognition in Psychosis by : Kathryn Eve Lewandowski

Download or read book Social Cognition in Psychosis written by Kathryn Eve Lewandowski and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-13 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Cognition in Psychosis combines current research on phenotypes, neurobiology, and existing evidence on the assessment and treatment of various forms of psychoses. The book presents various treatment options, including assessment approaches, tools and training methods that aid in the rehabilitation of patients with psychotic disorders. Social cognition is a set of psychological processes related to understanding, recognizing, processing and appropriately using social stimuli in one's environment. Individuals with psychotic disorders consistently exhibit impairments in social cognition. As a result, social cognition has been an important target for intervention, with recent efforts trying to enhance early recovery among individuals with psychotic disorders.

When I'm 64

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309164915
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis When I'm 64 by : National Research Council

Download or read book When I'm 64 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.

Personality, Cognition and Social Interaction

Author : Nancy Cantor
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315528797
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis Personality, Cognition and Social Interaction by : Nancy Cantor

Download or read book Personality, Cognition and Social Interaction written by Nancy Cantor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1981, this volume presents the domain of personality as a fuzzy set that includes features previously identified with cognitive and social psychology. Few of the individual contributions are centrally concerned with individual differences and cross-situational stability, but these traditional themes certainly appear in several of the chapters. The remaining chapters deal with the general processes mediating the interaction between the person and the social environment, filling out the fuzzy set of personality psychology. Part 1 seeks to locate contemporary trends in the cognitive psychology of personality against a backdrop of historical events. The chapters in Part 2 discuss some of the cognitive processes mediating social behaviour. Part 3 contains contributions concerned with the rules by which people make judgments about objects in the social world. The self, a dominant topic in personality theory and research, is treated extensively in Part 4. Although many of the chapters are explicitly concerned with the relations between cognition and action – after all, most human interaction takes the form of judgments and communication – the contributions in Part 5 make the links to overt behaviour. Finally, Part 6 offers two discussions of the previous contributions from the perspective of cognitive psychology.

The Aging Mind

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172195
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Aging Mind by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Aging Mind written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-18 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.

Advances in Social Network Analysis

Author : Stanley Wasserman
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452253919
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Social Network Analysis by : Stanley Wasserman

Download or read book Advances in Social Network Analysis written by Stanley Wasserman and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1994-07-27 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social network analysis, a method for analyzing relationships between social entities, has expanded over the last decade as new research has been done in this area. How can these new developments be applied effectively in the behavioral and social sciences disciplines? In Advances in Social Network Analysis, a team of leading methodologists in network analysis addresses this issue. They explore such topics as ways to specify the network contents to be studied, how to select the method for representing network structures, how social network analysis has been used to study interorganizational relations via the resource dependence model, how to use a contact matrix for studying the spread of disease in epidemiology, and how cohesion and structural equivalence network theories relate to studying social influence. It also offers statistical models for social support networks. Advances in Social Network Analysis is useful for researchers involved in general research methods and qualitative methods, and who are interested in psychology and sociology.

The Oxford Handbook of Social Cognition

Author : Donal E. Carlston
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199730016
Total Pages : 967 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Social Cognition by : Donal E. Carlston

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Social Cognition written by Donal E. Carlston and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 967 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a comprehensive review of social cognition, ranging from its history and core research areas to its relationships with other fields. The 43 chapters included are written by eminent researchers in the field of social cognition, and are designed to be understandable and informative to readers with a wide range of backgrounds.

The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition

Author : Allison B. Kaufman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110856125X
Total Pages : 1032 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition by : Allison B. Kaufman

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition written by Allison B. Kaufman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook lays out the science behind how animals think, remember, create, calculate, and remember. It provides concise overviews on major areas of study such as animal communication and language, memory and recall, social cognition, social learning and teaching, numerical and quantitative abilities, as well as innovation and problem solving. The chapters also explore more nuanced topics in greater detail, showing how the research was conducted and how it can be used for further study. The authors range from academics working in renowned university departments to those from research institutions and practitioners in zoos. The volume encompasses a wide variety of species, ensuring the breadth of the field is explored.

Hypothyroidism

Author : Drahomira Springer
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535100211
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Hypothyroidism by : Drahomira Springer

Download or read book Hypothyroidism written by Drahomira Springer and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-08 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder and it is significantly more frequent than presented - millions of people suffer from this disease without knowing it. People with this condition will have symptoms associated with slow metabolism. Estimates of subclinical hypothyroidism range between 3 to 8 %, increasing with age, whereas it more likely affects women than men. About 10% of women may have some degree of thyroid hormone deficiency. Hypothyroidism may affect lipid metabolism, neurological diseases or other clinical conditions. The book includes studies on advancements in diagnosis, regulation and replacement therapy, thyroid ultrasonography and radioiodine therapy for hypothyroidism. "Hypothyroidism - Influences and Treatments" contains many important specifications, results of scientific studies and innovations for endocrine practice.

Cognition in Individual and Social Contexts

Author : Adrienne Bennett
Publisher : North Holland
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 636 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognition in Individual and Social Contexts by : Adrienne Bennett

Download or read book Cognition in Individual and Social Contexts written by Adrienne Bennett and published by North Holland. This book was released on 1989 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of 58 papers concerned with cognition in individual and social contexts. It is organized into eight parts, each containing papers that reflect current concerns of that area. The diversity of areas illustrates the degree to which cognitive psychology has spread beyond its original boundaries, and the important links that cognitive psychologists are forging with other areas. Overall, several chapters discuss the nature of consciousness, and others consider the link between theory and methodology; other chapters argue the relevance of computational models to cognitive processing, and others highlight the relevance of individual differences in aspects of cognition.

Social and Cognitive Approaches to Interpersonal Communication

Author : Susan R. Fussell
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317778979
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Social and Cognitive Approaches to Interpersonal Communication by : Susan R. Fussell

Download or read book Social and Cognitive Approaches to Interpersonal Communication written by Susan R. Fussell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the social aspects of language use have been considered the domain of social psychology, while the underlying psycholinguistic mechanisms have been the purview of cognitive psychology. Recently, it has become increasingly clear that these two dimensions are highly interrelated: cognitive mechanisms underlying speech production and comprehension interact with social psychological factors, such as beliefs about one's interlocutors and politeness norms, and with the dynamics of the conversation itself, to produce shared meaning. This realization has led to an exciting body of research integrating the social and cognitive dimensions which has greatly increased our understanding of human language use. Each chapter in this volume demonstrates how the theoretical approaches and research methods of social and cognitive psychology can be successfully interwoven to provide insight into one or more fundamental questions about the process of interpersonal communication. The topics under investigation include the nature and role of speaker intentions in the communicative process, the production and comprehension of indirect speech and figurative language, perspective-taking and conversational collaboration, and the relationships between language, cognition, culture, and social interaction. The book will be of interest to all those who study interpersonal language use: social and cognitive psychologists, theoretical and applied linguists, and communication researchers.

Social Cognition

Author : Susan T. Fiske
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1529738091
Total Pages : 871 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Cognition by : Susan T. Fiske

Download or read book Social Cognition written by Susan T. Fiske and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2020-11-11 with total page 871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The social world is complicated and our minds are limited, so we take shortcuts. You have to make quick decisions – this person is dangerous, this one is not. The shortcuts we take mostly work well enough, because, after all, we survive. But some are deeply unjust, including racial or social class categories or other unfair stereotypes. This book will help you understand how these shortcuts work, why they exist, and how they are changing. There are examples in each chapter which * Show applications in the real world to help with your understanding * Highlight significant pieces of research to help you demonstrate knowledge of a wide range of sources * Explain researching in social cognition to improve your skills and give ideas for your own research. Check out the accompanying online resources for more.

International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080471714
Total Pages : 3870 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home by :

Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 3870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available online via SciVerse ScienceDirect, or in print for a limited time only, The International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, Seven Volume Set is the first international reference work for housing scholars and professionals, that uses studies in economics and finance, psychology, social policy, sociology, anthropology, geography, architecture, law, and other disciplines to create an international portrait of housing in all its facets: from meanings of home at the microscale, to impacts on macro-economy. This comprehensive work is edited by distinguished housing expert Susan J. Smith, together with Marja Elsinga, Ong Seow Eng, Lorna Fox O'Mahony and Susan Wachter, and a multi-disciplinary editorial team of 20 world-class scholars in all. Working at the cutting edge of their subject, liaising with an expert editorial advisory board, and engaging with policy-makers and professionals, the editors have worked for almost five years to secure the quality, reach, relevance and coherence of this work. A broad and inclusive table of contents signals (or tesitifes to) detailed investigation of historical and theoretical material as well as in-depth analysis of current issues. This seven-volume set contains over 500 entries, listed alphabetically, but grouped into seven thematic sections including methods and approaches; economics and finance; environments; home and homelessness; institutions; policy; and welfare and well-being. Housing professionals, both academics and practitioners, will find The International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home useful for teaching, discovery, and research needs. International in scope, engaging with trends in every world region The editorial board and contributors are drawn from a wide constituency, collating expertise from academics, policy makers, professionals and practitioners, and from every key center for housing research Every entry stands alone on its merits and is accessed alphabetically, yet each is fully cross-referenced, and attached to one of seven thematic categories whose ‘wholes' far exceed the sum of their parts

Morality in Everyday Life

Author : Melanie Killen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521665865
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (658 download)

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Book Synopsis Morality in Everyday Life by : Melanie Killen

Download or read book Morality in Everyday Life written by Melanie Killen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-10-13 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection highlights research on morality in human development.

The Science of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Author : Stefan G. Hofmann
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128034580
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy by : Stefan G. Hofmann

Download or read book The Science of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy written by Stefan G. Hofmann and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy describes the scientific approach of CBT, reviews the efficacy and validity of the CBT model, and exemplifies important differences and commonalities of CBT approaches. The overarching principle of CBT interventions is that cognitions causally influence emotional experiences and behaviors. The book reviews recent mediation studies, experimental studies, and neuroimaging studies in affective neuroscience that support the basic model of CBT, as well as those that clarify the mechanisms of treatment change. Additionally, the book explains the interplay of cognition and emotion in CBT, specifies the treatment goals of CBT, discusses the relationship of cognitive models with medical models and associated diagnostic systems, and provides concrete illustrations of important general and disorder-specific considerations of CBT. - Investigates the scientific foundation of CBT - Explores the interplay of emotion and cognition in CBT - Reviews neuroscience studies on the mechanisms of change in CBT - Identifies similarities and differences in CBT approaches for different disorders - Discusses CBT extensions and modifications - Describes computer assisted applications of CBT