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Author : Rafael Almar
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288971926X
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)
Download or read book Coasts Under Changing Climate: Observations and Modeling written by Rafael Almar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781009157971
Total Pages : 755 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (579 download)
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309255945
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tide gauges show that global sea level has risen about 7 inches during the 20th century, and recent satellite data show that the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating. As Earth warms, sea levels are rising mainly because ocean water expands as it warms; and water from melting glaciers and ice sheets is flowing into the ocean. Sea-level rise poses enormous risks to the valuable infrastructure, development, and wetlands that line much of the 1,600 mile shoreline of California, Oregon, and Washington. As those states seek to incorporate projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning, they asked the National Research Council to make independent projections of sea-level rise along their coasts for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, taking into account regional factors that affect sea level. Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future explains that sea level along the U.S. west coast is affected by a number of factors. These include: climate patterns such as the El Niño, effects from the melting of modern and ancient ice sheets, and geologic processes, such as plate tectonics. Regional projections for California, Oregon, and Washington show a sharp distinction at Cape Mendocino in northern California. South of that point, sea-level rise is expected to be very close to global projections. However, projections are lower north of Cape Mendocino because the land is being pushed upward as the ocean plate moves under the continental plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. However, an earthquake magnitude 8 or larger, which occurs in the region every few hundred to 1,000 years, would cause the land to drop and sea level to suddenly rise.
Author : Xingcai Liu
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889665941
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)
Download or read book Understanding Hydrological Extremes and their Impact in a Changing Climate: Observations, Modeling and Attribution written by Xingcai Liu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Weifeng Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (51 download)
Download or read book Coastal Ocean Modeling Using Variational Methods for Freshwater Dispersal Study, Data Assimilation and Observing System Design written by Weifeng Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal oceans as highly productive components of the global ocean play crucial roles in global carbon cycle and climate change. The wide continental shelf off US east coast is a typical coastal environment that serves as a buffer zone between human activities and open oceans. This thesis investigates the dispersal pattern of Hudson River outflow in the New York Bight (NYB). It applies adjoint sensitivity, Incremental Strong Constraint 4D Variational Data Assimilation (IS4DVAR) and representer-based optimal observation to integrate coastal ocean modeling and observation capabilities. Firstly, analysis of a 2-year model simulation identifies three freshwater pathways: along (i) the New Jersey coast, (ii) the Long Island coast, and (iii) a Mid-shelf Pathway. It is shown that the New Jersey coast Pathway dominates winter months and the Mid-shelf Pathway summer months. It is also demonstrated that wind is the primary force for spreading freshwater into mid- and outer-shelf and presence of the Hudson Valley strengthens freshwater recirculation in the New York Apex area. Secondly, the Constituent-oriented Age and Residence time Theory is implemented to simulate the age and residence time of the Hudson River plume. Analysis shows strong seasonality of surface mean age and residence time consistent with seasonal variation of the circulation. Time series analysis shows that spatial and temporal variations of the time scales in NYB are largely buoyancy- and wind-driven. Thirdly, adjoint sensitivity analysis applied on the New Jersey inner shelf identifies water sources and quantitatively compares the contributions of different variables to a chosen oceanic process. Fourthly, IS4DVAR is used to assimilate observational data collected by all instrument types during spring 2006. It reduces the model-observation misfit by 60% and improves forecast of temperature, salinity and velocity. Finally, a representer-based optimal observation system is applied to identify the optimal sampling locations for predicting salt transport within the Hudson Shelf Valley. The system is then used to compare the influence area of existing observations. This work prototypes the integration of observation and modeling in a coastal environment and demonstrates the use of traditional and variational tools to reveal the physical processes in a shelf region.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309466806
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Sustaining Ocean Observations to Understand Future Changes in Earth's Climate written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-20 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean is an integral component of the Earth's climate system. It covers about 70% of the Earth's surface and acts as its primary reservoir of heat and carbon, absorbing over 90% of the surplus heat and about 30% of the carbon dioxide associated with human activities, and receiving close to 100% of fresh water lost from land ice. With the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, notably carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion, the Earth's climate is now changing more rapidly than at any time since the advent of human societies. Society will increasingly face complex decisions about how to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change such as droughts, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, species loss, changes to growing seasons, and stronger and possibly more frequent storms. Observations play a foundational role in documenting the state and variability of components of the climate system and facilitating climate prediction and scenario development. Regular and consistent collection of ocean observations over decades to centuries would monitor the Earth's main reservoirs of heat, carbon dioxide, and water and provides a critical record of long-term change and variability over multiple time scales. Sustained high-quality observations are also needed to test and improve climate models, which provide insights into the future climate system. Sustaining Ocean Observations to Understand Future Changes in Earth's Climate considers processes for identifying priority ocean observations that will improve understanding of the Earth's climate processes, and the challenges associated with sustaining these observations over long timeframes.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309145880
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.
Author : Robert J. Livingston
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466568437
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)
Download or read book Climate Change and Coastal Ecosystems written by Robert J. Livingston and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Produced by a Leading Aquatic ScientistA narrative account of how estuaries around the world are being altered by human forces and human-induced global climate changes, Climate Change and Coastal Ecosystems: Long-Term Effects of Climate and Nutrient Loading on Trophic Organization chronicles a more than 40-year-old research effort conducted by Dr.
Author : Sha Lou
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832523021
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book Hydrodynamics and Water Environment Characteristics in Coastal Areas under the Influences of Climate Change and Human Activities written by Sha Lou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Craig E. Colten
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889762270
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)
Download or read book Coastal Cities in a Changing Climate written by Craig E. Colten and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832525989
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book Coastal environment in a changing world written by and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-08 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yousef Sangsefidi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Data-supported Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on Coastal Water Infrastructure Systems for Developing Community-based Adaptation Strategies written by Yousef Sangsefidi and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-lying coastal areas are susceptible to multiple flooding pathways from seawater, groundwater, and stormwater sources. Focusing on Imperial Beach California, USA, this research studies the vulnerability of coastal stormwater and wastewater systems to compound impacts of changing climate [i.e., Sea-Level Rise (SLR), groundwater shoaling, and precipitation intensification], the capability of decentralized water infrastructure in flood mitigation, and their adoptability by the community. After presenting the background information and research goals in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 evaluates compound flooding of the stormdrain system under a changing climate. Here, the obtained results for current and high sea-level conditions are presented (SLR = 0 and 2 m). The result illustrates that seawater may intrude into 2/3 of the stormdrain system length by a 2 m rise in current sea level. SLR consequences can be exacerbated by GroundWater Infiltration (GWI) such that the flooding volume may increase six-fold with 0.25% porosity systemwide and impact areas kilometers away from the coastline. Chapter 3 shows that defect flows currently increase hydraulic loading on the sewer system by 21% and 49% in dry- and wet-weather conditions, respectively. These numbers can be elevated to 84% and 120% at SLR = 2 m placing ~ $3 M cost on the system every year. The excess hydraulic loading also increases the potential of sanitary sewer overflows (i.e., exposing the community and environment to raw sewage pollution). Finally, by involving structural, hydrological, and hydraulic criteria, a holistic approach is presented to prioritize sewer rehabilitation. Chapter 4 first analyzes a social survey, whose results show that homeowners are more likely to adopt decentralized infrastructure. In addition, gardeners with the intention of reducing water usage in their yards can be targeted as the most prevalent adopters. Moreover, appropriate outreach activities are essential for enhancing public awareness in areas at the future risk of flooding. The engineering model outputs reveal that for a system with 0.25% porosity working under SLR = 0 m and a 1-year rainfall, the flood volume may decrease 56%-99% after implementing an RB system and adding an RG system. Although the RB system implementation can reduce the flood volume only by 24% at future conditions (SLR = 2 m and 25% increase in rainfall intensity), this value can be improved to 77% by adding an RG system. Additionally, the value of harvested rainwater over the lifetime of the RB system is estimated to be $60+ M while its cost will be $4- M. The RG system is also estimated to cost $15 M and occupy 2.4% of the city area.
Author : Roshanka Ranasinghe
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038974811
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)
Download or read book Climate Change, Coasts and Coastal Risk written by Roshanka Ranasinghe and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Climate Change, Coasts and Coastal Risk" that was published in JMSE
Author : Nguyen Danh Thao
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128004797
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Coastal Disasters and Climate Change in Vietnam written by Nguyen Danh Thao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-04 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal Disasters and Climate Change in Vietnam is the first book to focus specifically on natural hazards and climate change in Vietnam. The book examines threats such as tropical cyclones, sea-level rise, flooding, erosion, and salinity intrusion, and their respective effects on coastal structures and environments. It also looks at crucial management and mitigation efforts, including breakwater design, irrigation systems, coastal dunes and dikes, and more. The challenges faced by this country in the future will have important regional and global repercussions; areas such as the Mekong Delta produce a significant proportion of the world’s rice, and coastal impacts on this region will have far-reaching economic and public health effects. This book is an important source of information for government and local policy makers, environmental and climate scientists, and engineers. Broad coverage of climate challenges specific to the region, including sea-level rise, storms, erosion, and more Assessments of impact on, and effects of, economic development and port construction Examination of public policy responses to climate change
Author : John A. Church
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444340778
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)
Download or read book Understanding Sea-level Rise and Variability written by John A. Church and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Sea-Level Rise and Variability identifies the major impacts of sea-level rise, presents up-to-date assessments of past sea-level change, thoroughly explores all of the factors contributing to sea-level rise, and explores how sea-level extreme events might change. It identifies what is known in each area and what research and observations are required to reduce the uncertainties in our understanding of sea-level rise so that more reliable future projections can be made. A synthesis of findings provides a concise summary of past, present and future sea-level rise and its impacts on society. Key Features: Book includes contributions from a range of international sea level experts Multidisciplinary Four color throughout Describes the limits of our understanding of this crucial issue as well as pointing to directions for future research The book is for everyone interested in sea-level rise and its impacts, including policy makers, research funders, scientists, students, coastal managers and engineers. Additional resources for this book can be found at: http://www.wiley.com/go/church/sealevel.
Author : Barbara Zanuttigh
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0123973317
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Coastal Risk Management in a Changing Climate written by Barbara Zanuttigh and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-10-28 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Existing coastal management and defense approaches are not well suited to meet the challenges of climate change and related uncertanities. Professionals in this field need a more dynamic, systematic and multidisciplinary approach. Written by an international group of experts, Coastal Risk Management in a Changing Climate provides innovative, multidisciplinary best practices for mitigating the effects of climate change on coastal structures. Based on the Theseus program, the book includes eight study sites across Europe, with specific attention to the most vulnerable coastal environments such as deltas, estuaries and wetlands, where many large cities and industrial areas are located. Integrated risk assessment tools for considering the effects of climate change and related uncertainties Presents latest insights on coastal engineering defenses Provides integrated guidelines for setting up optimal mitigation measures Provides directly applicable tools for the design of mitigation measures Highlights socio-economic perspectives in coastal mitigation
Author : Anders Omstedt
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331917990X
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)
Download or read book Guide to Process Based Modeling of Lakes and Coastal Seas written by Anders Omstedt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of Guide to Process Based Modeling of Lakes and Coastal Seas brings the modeling up to date, taking into account multiple stressors acting on aquatic systems. The combination of acidification and increasing amounts of anoxic waters associated with eutrophication puts severe stress on the marine environment. The detection and attribution of anthropogenic changes in coastal seas are therefore crucial and transparent modeling tools are increasingly important. Modeling the marine CO2–O2 system makes systematic studies on climate change and eutrophication possible and is fundamental for understanding the Earth system. This second edition also includes new sections on detection and attribution and on modeling future changes, as well as improved exercises, updated software, and datasets. This unique book will stimulate students and researchers to develop their modeling skills and make model codes and data transparent to other research groups. It uses the general equation solver PROBE to introduce process-oriented numerical modeling and to build understanding of the subject step by step. The equation solver has been used in many applications, particularly in Sweden and Finland with their numerous lakes, archipelago seas, fjords, and coastal zones. It has also been used for process studies in the Polar Seas and the Mediterranean Sea and the approach is suitable for applications in many other environmental applications. Guide to Process Based Modeling of Lakes and Coastal Seas: • is a unique teaching tool for systematic learning of aquatic modeling; • approaches lake and ocean modeling from a new angle; • introduces aquatic numerical modeling using a process-based approach; • enables the thorough understanding of the physics and biogeochemistry of lakes and coastal seas; • provides software, datasets, and algorithms needed to reproduce all calculations and results in the book; • provides a number of creative and stimulating exercises with solutions; • addresses the interaction between climate change and eutrophication and is a good basis for learning Earth System Sciences.
