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Co2 Transport And Transformation In The Ocean
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Book Synopsis CO2 Transport and Transformation in the Ocean by :
Download or read book CO2 Transport and Transformation in the Ocean written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The role of C02 and the cycling of carbon through the earth's oceans and atmosphere have been focal points in the discussion of the effect of humanity on the earth. The sources, sinks, and cycling mechanisms of C02 are important, and still widely disputed, variables in both their potential for affecting the earth's climate and in the development of accurate models of ocean circulation. The National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) is pleased to present the attendees of the Second Scientific Meeting of The Oceanography Society with this special publication, C02 Transport and Transformation in the Ocean. This publication provides a list of recent reference works about C02 transport, which were found by searching several online files and several CD-ROM products available at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Library"--Introduction
Book Synopsis CO2 Transport and Transformation in the Ocean by : National Oceanographic Data Center (Estados Unidos)
Download or read book CO2 Transport and Transformation in the Ocean written by National Oceanographic Data Center (Estados Unidos) and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle by : Roger B. Hanson
Download or read book The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle written by Roger B. Hanson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-01-13 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's oceans act as a reservoir, with the capacity to absorb and retain carbon dioxide. The air-sea exchange of carbon is driven by physico-chemical forces, photosynthesis, and respiration, and has an important influence on atmospheric composition. Variability in the ocean carbon cycle could therefore exert significant feedback effects during conditions of climate change. The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) is the first multidisciplinary program to directly address the interactions among the biology, chemistry, and physics of marine systems, with emphasis on the transport and transformations of carbon within the ocean and across its boundaries. This unique volume, written by an international panel of scientists, provides a synthesis of JGOFS science and its achievements to date. The authoritative chapters will be of great interest to readers seeking a current overview of the role of ocean processes in Earth system science and their wider implications for climate change.
Book Synopsis The Carbon Dioxide Dilemma by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Carbon Dioxide Dilemma written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-08-29 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing concerns about climate change partly as a result of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions has prompted the research community to assess technologies and policies for sequestration. This report contains presentations of a symposium held in April of 2002. The sequestration options range form ocean disposal, terrestrial disposal in geologic formations, biomass based approaches and carbon trading schemes. The report also presents current efforts at enhanced oil recovery using carbon dioxide and demonstrating its utility. The volume is intended only as introduction to the subject and not the final word.
Book Synopsis Ocean Biogeochemistry by : Michael J.R. Fasham
Download or read book Ocean Biogeochemistry written by Michael J.R. Fasham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceans account for 50% of the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere. During the past 15 years an international programme, the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), has been studying the ocean carbon cycle to quantify and model the biological and physical processes whereby CO2 is pumped from the ocean's surface to the depths of the ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. This project is one of the largest multi-disciplinary studies of the oceans ever carried out and this book synthesises the results. It covers all aspects of the topic ranging from air-sea exchange with CO2, the role of physical mixing, the uptake of CO2 by marine algae, the fluxes of carbon and nitrogen through the marine food chain to the subsequent export of carbon to the depths of the ocean. Special emphasis is laid on predicting future climatic change.
Book Synopsis Aquaculture: Ocean Blue Carbon Meets UN-SDGS by : David Moore
Download or read book Aquaculture: Ocean Blue Carbon Meets UN-SDGS written by David Moore and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-26 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a solutions based approach to reducing and removing CO2 from the atmosphere transforming it into solid (crystalline) CaCO3 through the ability of marine organisms such as molluscs, crustacea, corals, and coccolithophore algae. The overwhelming advantage of this approach is that it promises enhanced climate mitigation in comparison to planting forests, industrial/engineering carbon capture and storage process. It also provides a sustainable food resource. Furthermore, it would improve the ocean's biodiversity at the same time as the excess atmospheric CO2 released by our use of fossil fuels is returned to the place it belongs - as a present day fossil, safely out of the atmosphere to the distant future. If the level of finance and global effort that are readily foreseen for forest management and flue gas treatments were applied to expansion of global shellfish cultivation, curative amounts of carbon dioxide could be permanently removed from the atmosphere within a few decades. The concept presented in this book could have a profound influence on the life of the planet.
Book Synopsis The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate by : Mick Follows
Download or read book The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate written by Mick Follows and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our desire to understand the global carbon cycle and its link to the climate system represents a huge challenge. These overarching questions have driven a great deal of scientific endeavour in recent years: What are the basic oceanic mechanisms which control the oceanic carbon reservoirs and the partitioning of carbon between ocean and atmosphere? How do these mechanisms depend on the state of the climate system and how does the carbon cycle feed back on climate? What is the current rate at which fossil fuel carbon dioxide is absorbed by the oceans and how might this change in the future? To begin to answer these questions we must first understand the distribution of carbon in the ocean, its partitioning between different ocean reservoirs (the "solubility" and "biological" pumps of carbon), the mechanisms controlling these reservoirs, and the relationship of the significant physical and biological processes to the physical environment. The recent surveys from the JGOFS and WOCE (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study and World Ocean Circulation Ex periment) programs have given us a first truly global survey of the physical and biogeochemical properties of the ocean. These new, high quality data provide the opportunity to better quantify the present oceans reservoirs of carbon and the changes due to fossil fuel burning. In addition, diverse process studies and time-series observations have clearly revealed the complexity of interactions between nutrient cycles, ecosystems, the carbon-cycle and the physical envi ronment.
Book Synopsis Carbon Dioxide Emission in Maritime Container Transport and Comparison of European Deepwater Ports: CO2 Calculation Approach, Analysis and CO2 Reduction Measures by : Konstantin Veidenheimer
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Emission in Maritime Container Transport and Comparison of European Deepwater Ports: CO2 Calculation Approach, Analysis and CO2 Reduction Measures written by Konstantin Veidenheimer and published by Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag). This book was released on 2014 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maritime container transport accounts for approximately 90 percent of global trade volumes. Largest container vessels represent challenges for container ports, such as the required draft of 15.5 meters. In order to be competitive, many ports try to integrate in global supply chains. Furthermore, environmental issues play a growing role in the maritime business. Hence, this book concentrates on CO2 emissions from maritime supply chains involving European deepwater ports. This research investigates carbon dioxide emissions of maritime container transport from Asia into the European hinterland through new built German Jade-Weser-Port (JWP) compared to the deepwater ports of Rotterdam, Antwerp, Zeebrugge and Trieste. Furthermore, these ports are compared on the basis of competitive factors such as port characteristics and hinterland connectivity. This book also addresses measures for CO2 reduction in maritime door-to-door container transport.
Book Synopsis Ocean Acidification by : Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Download or read book Ocean Acidification written by Jean-Pierre Gattuso and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean helps moderate climate change thanks to its considerable capacity to store CO2, through the combined actions of ocean physics, chemistry, and biology. This storage capacity limits the amount of human-released CO2 remaining in the atmosphere. As CO2 reacts with seawater, it generates dramatic changes in carbonate chemistry, including decreases in pH and carbonate ions and an increase in bicarbonate ions. The consequences of this overall process, known as "ocean acidification", are raising concerns for the biological, ecological, and biogeochemical health of the world's oceans, as well as for the potential societal implications. This research level text is the first to synthesize the very latest understanding of the consequences of ocean acidification, with the intention of informing both future research agendas and marine management policy. A prestigious list of authors has been assembled, among them the coordinators of major national and international projects on ocean acidification.
Book Synopsis Analyzing Eddy Transport of Carbon Dioxide in the Southern Ocean Using a High-resolution Model by : Mary Elizabeth Woloszyn
Download or read book Analyzing Eddy Transport of Carbon Dioxide in the Southern Ocean Using a High-resolution Model written by Mary Elizabeth Woloszyn and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Research Strategy for Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal and Sequestration by : Division on Earth and Life Studies
Download or read book A Research Strategy for Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal and Sequestration written by Division on Earth and Life Studies and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As of 2021, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have reached historically unprecedented levels, higher than at any time in the past 800,000 years. Worldwide efforts to reduce emissions by creating a more efficient, carbon-free energy system may not be enough to stabilize the climate and avoid the worst impacts of climate change. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies, which remove and sequester carbon from the atmosphere, likely will be needed to meet global climate goals. The ocean, covering 70% of the Earth's surface, includes much of the global capacity for natural carbon sequestration; the ocean also holds great potential for uptake and longerterm sequestration of human-produced CO2. This report builds on previous work from the National Academies to assess what is currently known about the benefits, risks, and potential for responsible scale-up of six specific ocean-based CDR strategies as identified by the sponsor, ClimateWorks Foundation. It describes the research needed to advance understanding of those approaches and address knowledge gaps. The resulting research agenda is meant to provide an improved and unbiased knowledge base for the public, stakeholders, and policymakers to make informed decisions on the next steps for ocean CDR, as part of a larger climate mitigation strategy; it is not meant to lock in or advocate for any particular approach.
Book Synopsis Monitoring Global Ocean Carbon Inventories by : Douglas W. R. Wallace
Download or read book Monitoring Global Ocean Carbon Inventories written by Douglas W. R. Wallace and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Impacts of Ocean Disposal of CO2 by : E. Eric Adams
Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Ocean Disposal of CO2 written by E. Eric Adams and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One option to reduce atmospheric CO 2 levels is to capture and sequester power plant CO2. Commercial CO2 capture technology, though expensive, exists today. However, the ability to dispose of large quantities of CO 2 is highly uncertain. The deep ocean is one of only a few possible CO2 disposal options (others are depleted oil and gas wells or deep, confined aquifers) and is a prime candidate because the deep ocean is vast and highly unsaturated in CO 2. Technically, the term 'disposal' is really a misnomer because the atmosphere and ocean eventually equilibrate on a time scale of 1000 years regardless of where the CO 2 is originally discharged. However, peak atmospheric CO 2 concentrations expected to occur in the next few centuries could be significantly reduced by ocean disposal. The magnitude of this reduction will depend upon the quantity of CO 2 injected in the ocean, as well as the depth and location of injection. Ocean disposal of CO2 will only make sense if the environmental impacts to the ocean are significantly less than the avoided impacts of atmospheric release. In this project, we examined these ocean impacts through a multi-disciplinary effort designed to summarize the current state of knowledge. In the process, we have developed a comprehensive method to assess the impacts of pH changes on passive marine organisms. This final report addresses the following six topics: CO2 loadings and scenarios, impacts of CO2 transport, near-field perturbations, far-field perturbations, environmental impacts of CO, release, and policy and legal implications of CO2 release. While there are several important environmental impacts of ocean disposal of CO2, the acidification around the release point may be the most important. However, the size and severity of the impacted area varies substantially with the injection scenario. We have quantified the impacts of various injection scenarios relative to each other through mortality measures. Based on available data, it appears possible to inject CO2 into the deep ocean in such a way as to yield negligible environmental impacts. The key conclusions of this research are: * The major environmental impact of ocean CO 2 disposal would derive from the lowering of pH caused by the reaction of CO, with seawater. Depending on the method of release, pH can be reduced to as low as about 4 very near the injection point from its ambient value of about 8. * Impacts would be felt primarily by those organisms which reside at depths of 1000 m or greater and are unable to avoid regions of low pH near the point of injection (e.g., zooplankton, bacteria and benthos). In comparison with the size of the world's oceans, the areas of acute impact would be very small for all injection scenarios. Nonetheless, there would be significant differences among scenarios, with the least impact predicted from those methods which disperse the CO2 as it is being injected and which keep it off the seabed. Based on available data, it appears possible to design a discharge system which effectively eliminates mortality by spreading the CO2 sufficiently in either the vertical or horizontal directions, e.g., by releasing it from either an inclined pipe towed * by a moving ship or a fixed pipe laid on the sea floor. The precautionary principle , suggests that future R&D efforts be focused on such methods. * At global scales, anthropogenic emissions of CO 2 that are occurring today will cause a gradual decline in average ocean pH of about 0.5 units over the next several centuries. Direct injection of CO 2 to the ocean will perturb the system by less than another 0.1 pH unit. The impacts from the combined pH changes will not cause mortality, but could cause sub-lethal impacts such as shifting population structure, decreased reproduction rates, etc. The regional impacts would be site-specific, as would the effectiveness of sequestration (tendency of the CO 2 to remain in the ocean). In general such chronic impacts will be harder to predict than the more acute impacts expected in the near-field. * Additional impacts of ocean CO 2 disposal were identified including increased concentrations of trace gases carried with the CO2, benthic disruption during outfall construction, disturbances to marine organisms caused by injection devices, plumes or hydrated CO 2 particles, and accidents associated with CO 2 transport. While such impacts, and possibly others, would need to be studied on a project-specific basis, they are expected to be minor. We also analyzed the possibility of a Lake Nyos-type of eruption, whereby large quantities of CO2-enriched seawater (or liquid CO 2 itself) stored in the ocean might accidentally rise to the surface, and result in asphyxiation; it was concluded that such an incident could not occur with ocean CO2 disposal. * The viability of ocean CO2 disposal as a greenhouse gas mitigation option may ultimately hinge on social and political considerations. Although there are no provisions which specifically prohibit ocean CO2 disposal, international acceptance will require several steps: the public must believe that the threat of global change is real, they must be convinced that there are no other easy mitigation options, and it must be demonstrated that the environmental impacts of ocean CO2 disposal are significantly less than the impacts of increased build-up of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Such acceptance can only occur if the public is included in the ongoing research and debate on this topic. The results presented in this report are just one piece of information that is required in doing a comprehensive analysis of the CO 2 ocean disposal option. Other important pieces include: effects of the localized impacts investigated here on larger ocean ecosystems, benefits of reduced atmospheric CO 2 emissions in terms of reduced risk of possible climate and ocean ecosystem change, and the cost of ocean disposal compared to alternate mitigation options. By doing objective and comprehensive studies of these issues, we are building a knowledge base that will allow informed decisions to be made if and when more stringent CO 2 emission controls are required.
Book Synopsis The Role of Ocean-based Negative Emission Technologies for Climate Mitigation by : David Peter Keller
Download or read book The Role of Ocean-based Negative Emission Technologies for Climate Mitigation written by David Peter Keller and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-16 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics by : Jorge L. Sarmiento
Download or read book Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics written by Jorge L. Sarmiento and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2006-06-09 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics provides a broad theoretical framework upon which graduate students and upper-level undergraduates can formulate an understanding of the processes that control the mean concentration and distribution of biologically utilized elements and compounds in the ocean. Though it is written as a textbook, it will also be of interest to more advanced scientists as a wide-ranging synthesis of our present understanding of ocean biogeochemical processes. The first two chapters of the book provide an introductory overview of biogeochemical and physical oceanography. The next four chapters concentrate on processes at the air-sea interface, the production of organic matter in the upper ocean, the remineralization of organic matter in the water column, and the processing of organic matter in the sediments. The focus of these chapters is on analyzing the cycles of organic carbon, oxygen, and nutrients. The next three chapters round out the authors' coverage of ocean biogeochemical cycles with discussions of silica, dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity, and CaCO3. The final chapter discusses applications of ocean biogeochemistry to our understanding of the role of the ocean carbon cycle in interannual to decadal variability, paleoclimatology, and the anthropogenic carbon budget. The problem sets included at the end of each chapter encourage students to ask critical questions in this exciting new field. While much of the approach is mathematical, the math is at a level that should be accessible to students with a year or two of college level mathematics and/or physics.
Book Synopsis Ocean Circulation and Climate by : Toste Tanhua
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Toste Tanhua and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon is a fundamental component of all life and its gaseous form, carbon dioxide (CO2), is an important atmospheric regulator of Earth’s climate. Over societally relevant timescales, diverse physical, biological, and chemical processes in the global ocean have a very important role in controlling the exchanges of CO2 with the atmosphere and climate, given that the ocean contains roughly 60 times more carbon than the atmosphere. The complex and dynamic marine carbon cycle is thus a fundamental part and regulator of life on Earth, requiring monitoring of its variability and understanding of the feedbacks to the climate system. This is particularly relevant given that emissions of human produced (anthropogenic) CO2 through fossil fuel and land use changes have led to significant perturbations in the global carbon cycle. A large fraction of emitted anthropogenic carbon (Cant) has been and will be absorbed by the oceans with implications for seawater chemistry, ocean pH levels, and the biological communities contained within. During the last few decades, quantification of the ocean sink of CO2 and its temporal evolution of the marine carbon cycle has been an important driver of marine biogeochemical research. Scientific expeditions such as the World Ocean Circulation Experiment/Joint Global Ocean Flux Study global surveys conducted during the 1990s provided the data for the first global estimates of the uptake and oceanic sink of Cant. More recently, completion of a second global survey of the marine carbon cycle (from 2000 to 2013) provided sufficient data to assess the rate of uptake and storage of Cant within the interior of the global ocean. From this effort, it has become clear that there is substantial regional and temporal variability of the storage rate of Cant and those physico-biogeochemical processes that influence the marine carbon cycle. Here we review seawater carbonate chemistry, the sampling strategies, and networks required to observe variability in the global ocean carbon cycle and the flux of carbon between the ocean and the atmosphere but with a central focus, synthesizing and summarizing available estimates of the ocean uptake and inventories of Cant. This chapter is aimed at a wider audience within the oceanographic community and points to the rich literature on marine carbon cycle research.
Book Synopsis Interhemispheric transport of carbon dioxide by ocean circulation by : W.S. Broecker
Download or read book Interhemispheric transport of carbon dioxide by ocean circulation written by W.S. Broecker and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
