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Co2 Emissions Per Gdp
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Book Synopsis CO2 Emissions per GDP by : Joseph Nowarski
Download or read book CO2 Emissions per GDP written by Joseph Nowarski and published by Joseph Nowarski. This book was released on 2022-10-30 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work analyzes CO2 emissions per GDP (Cp$) in the period 1990-2020. The dataset includes 192 countries, 99.1% of the population of the world, 99.4% of the world GDP and 99.6% of global CO2 emissions without international transport. The GDP per capita of the countries included in this work was in 2020 16,247$/cap compared to the world average 16,206$/cap. The world average Cp$ was 0.000268 tCO2/$GDP in 2020, 38% below the 1990 level. 62 countries increased their Cp$ between 1990 and 2020, increasing Global Warming by 0.057°C. CO2 emissions of 44 countries were above the world average Cp$ in the period 1990-2020. The emissions above the world average were 9% of global CO2 emissions in this period, which increased Global Warming by 0.055°C. 10 countries above the world average of Cp$ (2020) with the highest change in the cumulative CO2 emissions between 1990 and 2020, caused 44% of Global Warming in this period, +0.281°C. Keywords: Climate Change, Global Warming, CO2 emissions, CO2 per GDP
Book Synopsis Cumulative CO2 Emissions per Cumulative GDP 1990-2020 by : Joseph Nowarski
Download or read book Cumulative CO2 Emissions per Cumulative GDP 1990-2020 written by Joseph Nowarski and published by Joseph Nowarski. This book was released on 2022-10-30 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work analyzes cumulative CO2 emissions per cumulative GDP (CCp$$) in the period 1990-2020. The dataset includes 192 countries, 99.1% of the population of the world, 99.4% GDP of the world and 99.2% of the global cumulative CO2 emissions without international transport. The cumulative GDP of the countries included in this work is 2,564 MM$GDP, 99.4% of the world’s cumulative GDP of 2,579 MM$GDP. The CCp$$ of the countries included in this work is 0.0003331 tCO2/$GDP, 99.7% of the world average 0.0003340 tCO2/$GDP. 42 countries have CCp$$ above the world average with 555,796 Mega-tons of cumulative CO2 emissions in the period 1990-2020, compared to 298,338 MtCO2 (54%) of the 150 countries below the world average CCp$$. The cumulative CO2 emissions of those 42 countries above the world average increased global warming by 0.125°C. Keywords: Climate Change, Global Warming, CO2 emissions, CO2 per GDP, cumulative CO2, cumulative GDP, cumulative CO2 per cumulative GDP
Book Synopsis Necessary Change in CO2 Emissions per GDP to Reach 1.5°C-2.0°C Climate Change Limit in 2100 by : Joseph Nowarski
Download or read book Necessary Change in CO2 Emissions per GDP to Reach 1.5°C-2.0°C Climate Change Limit in 2100 written by Joseph Nowarski and published by Joseph Nowarski. This book was released on 2022-10-30 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The necessary cumulative CO2 emissions reduction to reach the 1.5°C Global Warming limit in 2100 is 2,353,587 MtCO2. This may be done by decreasing the world’s CO2 emissions per GDP (Cp$) annually by 18%. The necessary cumulative CO2 emissions reduction to reach the 1.7°C Global Warming limit in 2100 is 2,086,161 MtCO2. This may be done by decreasing the world’s CO2 emissions per GDP (Cp$) annually by 9.34%. The necessary cumulative CO2 emissions reduction to reach the 2.0°C Global Warming limit in 2100 is 1,684,038 MtCO2. This may be done by decreasing the world’s CO2 emissions per GDP (Cp$) annually by 5.91%. Keywords: Climate Change, Global Warming, CO2 emissions, CO2 per GDP, GDP per capita, Global Warming forecast
Book Synopsis CO2 Emission per GDP Forecast 2020-2100 by : Joseph Nowarski
Download or read book CO2 Emission per GDP Forecast 2020-2100 written by Joseph Nowarski and published by Joseph Nowarski. This book was released on 2022-10-30 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work includes Business As Usual (BAU) forecast of the world’s global CO2 emissions per GDP (Cp$) in the period 2020-2100. The CO2 emissions BAU forecast is from the publication “Dataset Global Warming Forecast using Acceleration Factors” [3]. According to this publication, the CO2 emissions without international transport will change from 33,803 MtCO2/y in 2020 to 70,191 MtCO2/y in 2100, a 108% increase. The GDP forecast applies a parabolic trendline of the last 30 years. According to this calculation, the world GDP will change from 126.3 MM$/y in 2020 to 728.1 MM$/y in 2100, a 476% increase. CO2 emissions per GDP (Cp$) are calculated by dividing the CO2 emissions per year by the GDP in the same year. According to the forecast, the world 0.000268 tCO2/$GDP Cp$ in 2020 will decrease by 64% in 2100 to 0.000096 tCO2/$GDP. Keywords: Climate Change, Global Warming, CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions forecast, CO2 emissions per GDP
Book Synopsis Dataset CO2 Emission per GDP Forecast 2020-2100 by : Joseph Nowarski
Download or read book Dataset CO2 Emission per GDP Forecast 2020-2100 written by Joseph Nowarski and published by Joseph Nowarski. This book was released on 2022-10-30 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dataset includes Business as Usual (BAU) forecast of world global CO2 emissions per GDP (Cp$) for 2020-2100. The CO2 emission forecast is from the publication “Dataset Global Warming Forecast using Acceleration Factors” [6]. According to this publication, the CO2 emissions without international transport will change from 33,803 MtCO2/y in 2020 to 70,191 MtCO2/y in 2100, a 108% increase. The GDP forecast applies a parabolic trendline of the last 30 years. According to this calculation, the world GDP will change from 126.3 MM$/y in 2020 to 728.1 MM$/y in 2100, a 476% increase. CO2 emissions per GDP (Cp$) are calculated by dividing the CO2 emissions per year by the GDP in the same year. The world 0.000268 tCO2/$GDP Cp$ in 2020 will decrease by 64% in 2100 to 0.000096 tCO2/$GDP.
Book Synopsis Decoupling of Emissions and GDP: Evidence from Aggregate and Provincial Chinese Data by : Gail Cohen
Download or read book Decoupling of Emissions and GDP: Evidence from Aggregate and Provincial Chinese Data written by Gail Cohen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-04-11 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and GDP in China using both aggregate and provincial data. The Kuznets elasticity is about 0.6 for China, higher than that in advanced countries but below that of major emerging markets. The elasticity is somewhat lower for consumption-based emissions than for production-based emissions, providing mild evidence consistent with the “pollution haven” hypothesis. The Kuznets elasticity is much lower for the last three decades than for the three previous decades, suggesting a longer-term trend toward decoupling as China has become richer. Further evidence of this comes from provincial data: richer provinces tend to have smaller Kuznets elasticities than poorer ones. In addition to the trend relationship, we find that the Environmental Okun's Law holds in China.
Book Synopsis CO2 Intensity and GDP Per Capita by : Rognvaldur Hannesson
Download or read book CO2 Intensity and GDP Per Capita written by Rognvaldur Hannesson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between CO2 intensity and GDP per capita is studied. Most rich countries show falling CO2 intensity over time and a negative correlation with GDP per capita. Many poor and medium rich countries show the opposite, a positive time trend and a positive correlation with GDP per capita. For the majority of countries with a negative correlation between CO2 intensity and GDP per capita a non-linear function fits the data better than a linear one, implying that CO2 intensity falls at a diminishing rate as countries get richer. Hence, economic growth will not by itself go very far in reconciling economic growth and reductions in CO2 emissions. There are indications that poor and medium rich countries experience a boost in CO2 intensity as they embark on industrialization. This will also make it harder to reconcile economic growth and cuts in CO2 emissions.
Book Synopsis Impact of Economic Growth on Carbon Dioxide Emission in the North and South American Countries by : Success Amobi-Ndubuisi Okafor
Download or read book Impact of Economic Growth on Carbon Dioxide Emission in the North and South American Countries written by Success Amobi-Ndubuisi Okafor and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse Gas emission increase is largely attributed to carbon dioxide emissions as the major gas causing climate change and atmospheric warming. According to Environmental Kuznets Curve Theory (EKC), the increase in economic growth is expected to reduce the environmental pollution from carbon dioxide emission caused at the beginning stages of economic growth. In this thesis, I examined the impact of economic growth on carbon dioxide emission. The key hypothesis tested in this study is the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Data from 1967 to 2016 from over 15 countries in North and South America, published by the World Bank were used. Since EKC posits a non-linear relationship between economic growth (GDP/capita) and Carbon dioxide emission, I used a quadratic component in the regression model. I analyzed the data using the OLS regression as my baseline model. Each country is unique in many respects that are hard to capture by a set of variables in econometrics model. This poses a challenge to estimating an unbiased estimate. Using panel data model allowed controlling for time invariant unobserved country-specific factors that could bias the estimates. I estimated a fixed effect panel regression to examine the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth is primarily measured with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. The results of the fixed effect panel regression showed that all variables are significant, except export and inflation which were not significant. OLS could not solve the issue of heterogeneity among the variables. Estimating country-specific fixed effects model eliminates unobserved heterogeneity across countries and, therefore provides relatively unbiased estimates compared to OLS estimates. The positive correlation between Total CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions from Solid, and CO2 emissions from gas and GDP per capita suggests that carbon dioxide emissions increase as GDP/ capita increases before the turning point. The negative correlation between Total CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions from Solid, and CO2 emissions from gas and GDP per capita squared suggests that there is a polynomial (quadratic) form which is like that of inverted U-shape of the EKC curve. The coefficient, although it is very small, suggests the impact of the negative relationship after the turning point at the vertex of EKC curve is fractional. As expected, the result indicates a higher population causes an increase in total CO2 emissions. The result from CO2 emissions from liquid shows a negative relationship between the dependent variable CO2 emissions from liquid and the independent variable GDP per capita at the highest level of significance. This result is different from that of total carbon dioxide emissions, CO2 emissions from Solid, and CO2 emissions from gas. Carbon emission from liquid looks different from carbon emissions from solid and gas. There are high and constant emission throughout all the years and in all countries used in the analysis. EKC hypothesis is proven to be true for total carbon dioxide emissions, carbon dioxide emission from solid and gas. The hypothesized correlation between GDPs per capita square and CO2 emissions is statistically supported for Total CO2 emission, CO2 emission from solid and CO2 emission from gas. CO2 emissions from Solid, and CO2 emissions from gas and GDP per capita squared suggest that there is a polynomial (quadratic) form which is like that of inverted U-shape of the EKC curve. This proves that EKC model is proven to be true for my data. Policies like population policies can help in increasing growth in GDP per capita and reducing growth in the amount of carbon dioxide emissions. Population policies could play a significant role aimed at mitigating and reducing climate change.
Book Synopsis Climate Change Rating of Countries by : Joseph Nowarski
Download or read book Climate Change Rating of Countries written by Joseph Nowarski and published by Joseph Nowarski. This book was released on 2022-11-05 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work proposes a system of Climate Change Rating of countries (CCR). The parameters included in the rating are CO2 emissions per capita and per GDP, cumulative CO2 emissions in the last 30 years, and change of emissions in the last 10 years. The parameters are compared to the world averages. The rating is related to the specific CO2 emissions, lower value results in a better rating. The CCR for 2020 includes 192 countries, 99.6% of the global CO2 emissions. The A-G labels are according to groups of countries, each group with a limited number of countries, 10 countries with the best rating (A) and 10 countries with the worst rating (G). The average 2020 rating of group A is 37% and of group G - 309%. The world average CCR value is 100% equivalent to group F. Keywords: Climate Change, Global Warming, CO2 emissions, CO2 per capita, CO2 per GDP, CO2 emissions per capita, CO2 emissions per GDP, Climate Change Rating, Global Warming of countries, climate justice, carbon justice
Book Synopsis Emissions and Growth: Trends and Cycles in a Globalized World by : Gail Cohen
Download or read book Emissions and Growth: Trends and Cycles in a Globalized World written by Gail Cohen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent discussions of the extent of decoupling between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and real gross domestic product (GDP) provide mixed evidence and have generated much debate. We show that to get a clear picture of decoupling it is important to distinguish cycles from trends: there is an Environmental Okun's Law (a cyclical relationship between emissions and real GDP) that often obscures the trend relationship between emissions and real GDP. We show that, once the cyclical relationship is accounted for, the trends show evidence of decoupling in richer nations—particularly in European countries, but not yet in emerging markets. The picture changes somewhat, however, if we take into consideration the effects of international trade, that is, if we distinguish between production-based and consumption-based emissions. Once we add in their net emission transfers, the evidence for decoupling among the richer countries gets weaker. The good news is that countries with underlying policy frameworks more supportive of renewable energy and supportive of climate change tend to have greater decoupling between trend emissions and trend GDP, and for both production- and consumption-based emissions.
Book Synopsis The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the United States by :
Download or read book The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How Much Carbon Pricing is in Countries’ Own Interests? The Critical Role of Co-Benefits by : Ian W.H. Parry
Download or read book How Much Carbon Pricing is in Countries’ Own Interests? The Critical Role of Co-Benefits written by Ian W.H. Parry and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-09-17 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper calculates, for the top twenty emitting countries, how much pricing of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is in their own national interests due to domestic co-benefits (leaving aside the global climate benefits). On average, nationally efficient prices are substantial, $57.5 per ton of CO2 (for year 2010), reflecting primarily health co-benefits from reduced air pollution at coal plants and, in some cases, reductions in automobile externalities (net of fuel taxes/subsidies). Pricing co-benefits reduces CO2 emissions from the top twenty emitters by 13.5 percent (a 10.8 percent reduction in global emissions). However, co-benefits vary dramatically across countries (e.g., with population exposure to pollution) and differentiated pricing of CO2 emissions therefore yields higher net benefits (by 23 percent) than uniform pricing. Importantly, the efficiency case for pricing carbon’s co-benefits hinges critically on (i) weak prospects for internalizing other externalities through other pricing instruments and (ii) productive use of carbon pricing revenues.
Book Synopsis Are Carbon Dioxide Emissions Decoupled from GDP Growth in Well-Functioning Democracies? by : Ole Martin Lægreid
Download or read book Are Carbon Dioxide Emissions Decoupled from GDP Growth in Well-Functioning Democracies? written by Ole Martin Lægreid and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical studies of the relationship between GDP per capita and country-level CO2 emissions tend to focus on the direct effect of per capita GDP growth, rarely taking political institutions into consideration. This paper introduces theoretical insights from environmental political science research, which suggests that CO2 emissions models would gain explanatory leverage if moderators gauging political institutions were considered. We test these theories by estimating the potentially moderating effects of democracy, corruption, veto points and players, and civil society activity. Our results suggest a positive and linear per capita GDP-CO2 relationship, which is barely affected by any variations in political and institutional factors. The only significant moderator in our analysis is bicameralism in democratic, low corrupt countries, which generates a stronger effect of per capita GDP growth at low levels of GDP per capita. Our analysis thus lends rigor to studies in environmental economics that find a positive and linear per capita GDP-CO2 relationship, and does not provide support for theories common in environmental political science research.
Book Synopsis Energy Economics: CO2 Emissions in China by : Yiming Wei
Download or read book Energy Economics: CO2 Emissions in China written by Yiming Wei and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-25 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Energy Economics: CO2 Emissions in China" presents a collection of the researches on China's CO2 emissions as studied by the Center for Energy & Environmental Policy Research (CEEP). Based on the analysis of factors related to global climate change and CO2 emissions, it discusses China's CO2 emissions originating from various sectors, diverse impact factors, as well as proposed policies for reducing carbon emissions. Featuring empirical research and policy analysis on focused and critical issues involving different stages of CO2 emissions in China, the book provides scientific supports for researchers and policy makers in dealing with global climate change.
Book Synopsis Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Stages of Economic Development by : Todor Panaĭotov
Download or read book Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Stages of Economic Development written by Todor Panaĭotov and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The economics of climate change by : Nicholas Herbert Stern
Download or read book The economics of climate change written by Nicholas Herbert Stern and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2006-10-30 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review of the economic effects of climate change was carried out by Sir Nicholas Stern, Head of the Government Economic Service and former World Bank Chief Economist.The first half focuses on the impacts and risks arising from uncontrolled climate change, and on the costs and opportunities associated with action to tackle it. It finds that unabated climate change risks raising average temperatures by over 5êC from pre-industrial levels, which would transform the physical geography of our planet. Adding up the costs of a narrow range of the effects the Review calculates an equivalent to at least 5 per cent of GDP each year.Considering more recent scientific evidence (for example, of the risks that greenhouse gases will be released naturally as the permafrost melts), the economic effects on human life and the environment, and approaches to modelling that ensure the impacts that affect poor people are weighted appropriately, it estimates that dangers could be equivalent to 20 per cent of GDP or more. In contrast, the costs of action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the worst impacts of climate change can be limited to around one per cent of global GDP each year. The second half of the Review examines the national and international policy challenges of moving to a low-carbon global economy. Measures include: carbon pricing; technological shift; and a strong international framework for emissions trading, technology co-operation and action to reduce de-forestation.
Book Synopsis The Long-Run Decoupling of Emissions and Output: Evidence from the Largest Emitters by : Gail Cohen
Download or read book The Long-Run Decoupling of Emissions and Output: Evidence from the Largest Emitters written by Gail Cohen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the world's 20 largest emitters, we use a simple trend/cycle decomposition to provide evidence of decoupling between greenhouse gas emissions and output in richer nations, particularly in European countries, but not yet in emerging markets. If consumption-based emissions—measures that account for countries' net emissions embodied in cross-border trade—are used, the evidence for decoupling in the richer economies gets weaker. Countries with underlying policy frameworks more supportive of renewable energy and climate change mitigation efforts tend to show greater decoupling between trend emissions and trend GDP, and for both production- and consumption-based emissions. The relationship between trend emissions and trend GDP has also become much weaker in the last two decades than in preceding decades.
