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Classroom Peer Effects And Academic Achievement
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Book Synopsis Classroom Peer Effects and Academic Achievement by : Katherine Grace Carman
Download or read book Classroom Peer Effects and Academic Achievement written by Katherine Grace Carman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates peer effects on student achievement using a panel data set from a middle school in China. Unique features of the organization of Chinese middle schools (Grades 7 to 9) and panel data allow us to overcome difficulties that have hindered the separation of peer effects from omitted individual factors due to self-selection and from common teacher effects and to identify peer effects at the classroom level. We estimate peer effects for Math, English, Chinese, and overall test scores separately. In a linear-in-means model controlling for both individual and teacher-by-test fixed effects, peers are found to have a positive and significant effect on math and overall test scores and a positive but insignificant effect on Chinese test scores, but no effect on English test scores. Importantly, students at the middle of the ability distribution tend to benefit from better peers, whereas students at the ends of the ability distribution do not suggesting that policy makers who want to exploit positive peer effects face difficult tradeoffs in classroom and school assignment.
Book Synopsis Classroom Peer Effects and Student Achievement. Working Paper 08-5 by : Mary A. Burke
Download or read book Classroom Peer Effects and Student Achievement. Working Paper 08-5 written by Mary A. Burke and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we analyze the impact of classroom peers on individual student performance with a unique longitudinal data set covering all Florida public school students in grades 3-10 over a five-year period. Unlike many previous data sets used to study peer effects in education, our data set allow us to identify each member of a given student's classroom peer group in elementary, middle, and high school as well as the classroom teacher responsible for instruction. As a result, we can control for individual student fixed effects simultaneously with individual teacher fixed effects, thereby alleviating biases due to endogenous assignment of both peers and teachers, including some dynamic aspects of such assignments. Our estimation strategy, which focuses on the influence of peers' fixed characteristics--both observed and unobserved--on individual test score gains, also alleviates potential biases due to error in measuring peer quality, simultaneity of peer outcomes, and mean reversion. Under linear-in-means specifications, estimated peer effects are small to non-existent, but we find some sizable and significant peer effects within non-linear models. For example, we find that peer effects depend on an individual student's own ability and on the ability level of the peers under consideration, results that suggest Pareto-improving redistributions of students across classrooms and/or schools. Estimated peer effects tend to be smaller when teacher fixed effects are included than when they are omitted, a result that suggests co-movement of peer and teacher quality effects within a student over time. We also find that peer effects tend to be stronger at the classroom level than at the grade level. (Appended to this document is "Comparison of Estimation Methods Using Simulated Data." Contains 28 footnotes and 10 tables.).
Book Synopsis Classroom Peer Effects and Student Achievement by : Mary A. Burke
Download or read book Classroom Peer Effects and Student Achievement written by Mary A. Burke and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social Dynamics by : Steven N. Durlauf
Download or read book Social Dynamics written by Steven N. Durlauf and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays presents a variety of approaches to understanding the dynamics of human interaction.
Book Synopsis Peer Effects in the Classroom by : Margarita Pivovarova
Download or read book Peer Effects in the Classroom written by Margarita Pivovarova and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of the Economics of Education by : Eric A Hanushek
Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Education written by Eric A Hanushek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-11-13 with total page 853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbooks in Economics series continues to provide the various branches of economics with handbooks which are definitive reference sources, suitable for use by professional researchers, advanced graduate students, or by those seeking a teaching supplement. With contributions from leading researchers, each Handbook presents an accurate, self-contained survey of the current state of the topic under examination. These surveys summarize the most recent discussions in journals, and elucidate new developments. Although original material is also included, the main aim of this series is the provision of comprehensive and accessible surveys. *Every volume contains contributions from leading researchers *Each Handbook presents an accurate, self-contained survey of a particular topic *The series provides comprehensive and accessible surveys
Book Synopsis Peer Effects in the Classroom by : Caroline Minter Hoxby
Download or read book Peer Effects in the Classroom written by Caroline Minter Hoxby and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peer effects are potentially important for understanding the optimal organization of schools, jobs, and neighborhoods, but finding evidence is difficult because people are selected into peer groups based, in part, on their unobservable characteristics. I identify the effects of peers whom a child encounters in the classroom using sources of variation that are credibly idiosyncratic, such as changes in the gender and racial composition of a grade in a school in adjacent years. I use specification tests, including one based on randomizing the order of years, to confirm that the variation I use is not generated by time trends or other non-idiosyncratic forces. I find that students are affected by the achievement level of their peers: a credibly exogenous change of 1 point in peers' reading scores raises a student's own score between 0.15 and 0.4 points, depending on the specification. Although I find little evidence that peer effects are generally non-linear, I do find that peer effects are stronger intra-race and that some effects do not operate through peers' achievement. For instance, both males and females perform better in math in classrooms that are more female despite the fact that females' math performance is about the same as that of males
Book Synopsis School Meals, Educational Achievement, and School Competition by : Christel Vermeersch
Download or read book School Meals, Educational Achievement, and School Competition written by Christel Vermeersch and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vermeersch and Kremer examine the effects of subsidized school meals on school participation, educational achievement, and school finance in a developing country setting. They use data from a program that was implemented in 25 randomly chosen preschools in a pool of 50. Children's school participation was 30 percent higher in the treatment group than in the comparison group. The meals program led to higher curriculum test scores, but only in schools where the teacher was relatively experienced prior to the program. The school meals displaced teaching time and led to larger class sizes. Despite improved incentives, teacher absenteeism remained at a high level of 30 percent. Treatment schools raised their fees, and comparison schools close to treatment schools decreased their fees. Some of the price effects are caused by a combination of capacity constraints and pupil transfers that would not happen if the school meals were ordered in all schools. The intention-to-treat estimator of the effect of the randomized program incorporates those price effects, and therefore it should be considered a lower bound on the effect of generalized school meals. This insight on price effects generalizes to other randomized program evaluations. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management 2, Africa Technical Families--is part of a larger effort in the region to increase our understanding of the impact of programs aimed at reaching the Millennium Development Goals.
Book Synopsis Classroom Peer Effects in Higher Education by : Peter C. Jones
Download or read book Classroom Peer Effects in Higher Education written by Peter C. Jones and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a unique panel data set constructed from registrar and admissions data, I examine peer effects on course grades in two disciplinary areas, Social Sciences, and Math and Sciences, for students who attended Colby College between the Fall of 2004 and the Spring of 2008. Simultaneously controlling for student, professor and course fixed effects, thereby easing endogeneity concerns posed by nonrandom assignment, I estimate peer effects on academic performance by examining the composition of an individual's classmates based on SAT scores, own gender, and peer gender, using a nonlinear, proportions-based two-way interaction model. I find strong evidence that students of high ability are positively influenced by having high ability classmates in Social Science classes, and suggestive evidence that these individuals may only be positively influenced by having high ability male classmates. JEL Classification: I21, I23, J24.
Book Synopsis Inference on Peer Effects with Missing Peer Data by : Aaron Sojourner
Download or read book Inference on Peer Effects with Missing Peer Data written by Aaron Sojourner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper contributes empirically to the literature on peer effects in first-grade classrooms. The paper examines peer effects on academic achievement among first graders randomly assigned to their classrooms and to their teachers as part of Tennessee's Project STAR, America's largest ever education experiment. The analysis draws on previously unexploited measures of kindergarten achievement taken before random assignment to first-grade classes and available for about sixty percent of this sample. Data are not missing at random. This paper studies effects of peer lagged achievement on first-grade achievement. The STAR data allow for credible inference about peer effects because students and teachers were randomly assigned to classes within school. Further, the data contain pre-assignment measures of achievement, which are useful as conditioning variables to explain each student's own outcome and for characterizing each student's peer group. The paper contributes methodologically to the larger peer-effects literature in advancing the understanding of how to make inference about peer effects in the presence of missing data on peers.
Book Synopsis Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling with IBM SPSS by : Ronald H. Heck
Download or read book Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling with IBM SPSS written by Ronald H. Heck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-22 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates how to use multilevel and longitudinal modeling techniques available in the IBM SPSS mixed-effects program (MIXED). Annotated screen shots provide readers with a step-by-step understanding of each technique and navigating the program. Readers learn how to set up, run, and interpret a variety of models. Diagnostic tools, data management issues, and related graphics are introduced throughout. Annotated syntax is also available for those who prefer this approach. Extended examples illustrate the logic of model development to show readers the rationale of the research questions and the steps around which the analyses are structured. The data used in the text and syntax examples are available at www.routledge.com/9780415817110. Highlights of the new edition include: Updated throughout to reflect IBM SPSS Version 21. Further coverage of growth trajectories, coding time-related variables, covariance structures, individual change and longitudinal experimental designs (Ch.5). Extended discussion of other types of research designs for examining change (e.g., regression discontinuity, quasi-experimental) over time (Ch.6). New examples specifying multiple latent constructs and parallel growth processes (Ch. 7). Discussion of alternatives for dealing with missing data and the use of sample weights within multilevel data structures (Ch.1). The book opens with the conceptual and methodological issues associated with multilevel and longitudinal modeling, followed by a discussion of SPSS data management techniques which facilitate working with multilevel, longitudinal, and cross-classified data sets. Chapters 3 and 4 introduce the basics of multilevel modeling: developing a multilevel model, interpreting output, and trouble-shooting common programming and modeling problems. Models for investigating individual and organizational change are presented in chapters 5 and 6, followed by models with multivariate outcomes in chapter 7. Chapter 8 provides an illustration of multilevel models with cross-classified data structures. The book concludes with ways to expand on the various multilevel and longitudinal modeling techniques and issues when conducting multilevel analyses. It's ideal for courses on multilevel and longitudinal modeling, multivariate statistics, and research design taught in education, psychology, business, and sociology.
Book Synopsis Peer Effects on Academic Achievement by : David Lester Jones
Download or read book Peer Effects on Academic Achievement written by David Lester Jones and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Factors Effecting Student Achievement by : Engin Karadağ
Download or read book The Factors Effecting Student Achievement written by Engin Karadağ and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-14 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the effect of psychological, social and demographic variables on student achievement and summarizes the current research findings in the field. It addresses the need for inclusive and interpretive studies in the field in order to interpret student achievement literature and suggests new pathways for further studies. Appropriately, a meta-analysis approach is used by the contributors to show the big picture to the researchers by analyzing and combining the findings from different independent studies. In particular, the authors compile various studies examining the relationship between student achievement and 21 psychological, social and demographic variables separately. The philosophy behind this book is to direct future research and practices rather than addressing the limits of current studies.
Book Synopsis Within Classroom Peer Effects and Tracking by : C. Kevin Fortner
Download or read book Within Classroom Peer Effects and Tracking written by C. Kevin Fortner and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Publisher :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Center ISBN 13 : Total Pages :116 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (31 download)
Book Synopsis Reviews of National Policies for Education by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Download or read book Reviews of National Policies for Education written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Center. This book was released on 1984 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A team of examiners from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) reviews Portugal's education system in a three-part report. Part One begins with the consequences of the 1974 revolution, Portugal's economic problems, its impending attachment to the European Economic Community, and rising public expectations about education. It continues with criticism of the Ministry of Education, which is overstaffed and has duplicate functions. The examiners propose reduction of branches and suggest the establishment of a national education advisory council and closer relations with other government agencies. A high priority for the compulsory school-level education (four primary and two preparatory grades) is improvement of standards in rural areas. Accepting the future extension of compulsory schooling from 6 to 9 years, the examiners counsel step-by-step reform of the school structure and curriculum. Education of 16-to-19 year olds is a problematic issue since upper-secondary schools are not providing adequate vocational courses. The examiners feel a solution is for Portugal to adopt a comprehensive education and training policy for that age group implemented jointly by the Ministries of Education and Labor. Part Two of the report includes a record of the review meeting between the OECD examiners and the Minister of Education and his delegates and addresses five areas of concern. The third part is a summary of the Ministry of Education's Backgroud Report of the education system in Portugal. (MD)
Book Synopsis Gender Peer Effects in School by : Veronica Cabezas
Download or read book Gender Peer Effects in School written by Veronica Cabezas and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research addresses gender peer effects in education and their impact on student achievement in Chile. We address the topic from three different level of analysis: (a) whether the proportion of girls in a cohort influences students' educational outcomes (b) whether assignment to a classroom with a higher proportion of girls influences students' educational outcomes, and (c) the relative performance of single-sex and coeducation in Chile and its impact on male and female achievement. Through three essays, peer effects are analyzed and their role established for different stages of schooling and for various student characteristics, including gender, socioeconomic background and type of school the student attends. Moreover, the possibility of nonlinearity in gender peer effects is explored as well at the various possible channels through which the effects may operate, such as changes in the amount of curriculum covered. The three essays also address the econometric problems inherent in any study of peer effects. The dissertation provides new evidence on the existence of gender peer effects in elementary and secondary schools based on data from a developing country. It also provides an enriched understanding of how gender peer effects are interrelated with characteristics of the students and schools. The analyses were based on recent data from SIMCE, a Chilean national standardized student assessment carried out in 4 th , 8th and 10 th grade. It is concluded that, after controlling for differences in socioeconomic background, school and a cohort's characteristics, a larger share of female students in a cohort and in a classroom level have a positive impact on academic achievement, both for boys and girls. Results were robust across estimations. Classroom gender peer effects were bigger than the ones estimated at the cohort level, supporting the notion that peer effects get larger when they are measured closer to the context in which they operate. The effects are slightly stronger for girls. The estimated impact of an increase in 10 percentage points on the proportion of female students in the classroom is about 2 to 8 percent of one standard deviation in girl test scores, and between 1 to 5 percent for boys. Gender peer effects proved to be nonlinear and they were stronger when female students are in a minority within the student population, both for boys and girls. To explain these results, the research shows that, as the share of female students in a cohort or class rises, the amount of curriculum that a teacher can cover during the academic year increases as well. Furthermore, the increased share of females is associated with an increase in teachers' expectation on academic attainment of their students. The analysis of co-education and single-sex schools concludes that most of the differences in student achievement between students that attend a single-sex versus a coeducational school were due to students' background characteristics, previous student achievement, peers and school selection. The issue of selection bias is much weaker for girls. Some positive and statistically significant positive effect of single-sex school attendance persist for girls after the effect of selection is controlled-for, as well as previous achievement and other controls. The difference is small, though. The single-sex school effect almost disappears for boys, supporting results from previous sections of this dissertation.
Author :Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309283140 Total Pages :503 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (92 download)
Book Synopsis Educating the Student Body by : Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment
Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
