Circuit Stimulation And Analysis

Download Circuit Stimulation And Analysis full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Circuit Stimulation And Analysis ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Circuit Simulation

Author : Farid N. Najm
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470538716
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Circuit Simulation by : Farid N. Najm

Download or read book Circuit Simulation written by Farid N. Najm and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-02-03 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A DEFINITIVE TEXT ON DEVELOPING CIRCUIT SIMULATORS Circuit Simulation gives a clear description of the numerical techniques and algorithms that are part of modern circuit simulators, with a focus on the most commonly used simulation modes: DC analysis and transient analysis. Tested in a graduate course on circuit simulation at the University of Toronto, this unique text provides the reader with sufficient detail and mathematical rigor to write his/her own basic circuit simulator. There is detailed coverage throughout of the mathematical and numerical techniques that are the basis for the various simulation topics, which facilitates a complete understanding of practical simulation techniques. In addition, Circuit Simulation: Explores a number of modern techniques from numerical analysis that are not synthesized anywhere else Covers network equation formulation in detail, with an emphasis on modified nodal analysis Gives a comprehensive treatment of the most relevant aspects of linear and nonlinear system solution techniques States all theorems without proof in order to maintain the focus on the end-goal of providing coverage of practical simulation methods Provides ample references for further study Enables newcomers to circuit simulation to understand the material in a concrete and holistic manner With problem sets and computer projects at the end of every chapter, Circuit Simulation is ideally suited for a graduate course on this topic. It is also a practical reference for design engineers and computer-aided design practitioners, as well as researchers and developers in both industry and academia.

Computational Electronic Circuits

Author : Sotoudeh Hamedi-Hagh
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030755681
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Computational Electronic Circuits by : Sotoudeh Hamedi-Hagh

Download or read book Computational Electronic Circuits written by Sotoudeh Hamedi-Hagh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-01 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook teaches in one, coherent presentation the three distinct topics of analysis of electronic circuits, mathematical numerical algorithms and coding in a software such as MATLAB®. By combining the capabilities of circuit simulators and mathematical software, the author teaches key concepts of circuit analysis and algorithms, using a modern approach. The DC, Transient, AC, Noise and behavioral analyses are implemented in MATLAB to study the complete characteristics of a variety of electronic circuits, such as amplifiers, rectifiers, hysteresis circuits, harmonic traps and passes, polyphaser filters, directional couplers, electro-static discharge and piezoelectric crystals. This book teaches basic and advanced circuit analysis, by incorporating algorithms and simulations that teach readers how to develop their own simulators and fully characterize and design electronic circuits. Teaches students and practitioners DC, AC, Transient, Noise and Behavioral analyses using MATLAB; Shows readers how to create their own complete simulator in MATLAB by adding materials learned in all 6 chapters of the book; Balances theory, math and analysis; Introduces many examples such as noise minimization, parameter optimization, power splitters, harmonic traps and passes, directional couplers, polyphase filters and electro-static discharge that are hardly referenced in other textbooks; Teaches how to create the fundamental analysis functions such as linear and nonlinear equation solvers, determinant calculation, random number generation and Fast Fourier transformation rather than using the built-in native MATLAB codes.

Electronic Circuit Analysis using LTSpice XVII Simulator

Author : Pooja Mohindru
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000428478
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Electronic Circuit Analysis using LTSpice XVII Simulator by : Pooja Mohindru

Download or read book Electronic Circuit Analysis using LTSpice XVII Simulator written by Pooja Mohindru and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-08-18 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text discusses simulation process for circuits including clamper, voltage and current divider, transformer modeling, transistor as an amplifier, transistor as a switch, MOSFET modeling, RC and LC filters, step and impulse response to RL and RC circuits, amplitude modulator in a step-by-step manner for more clarity and understanding to the readers. It covers electronic circuits like rectifiers, RC filters, transistor as an amplifier, operational amplifiers, pulse response to a series RC circuit, time domain simulation with a triangular input signal, and modulation in detail. The text presents issues that occur in practical implementation of various electronic circuits and assist the readers in finding solutions to those issues using the software. Aimed at undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in the areas including electrical and electronics and communications engineering, this book: Discusses simulation of analog circuits and their behavior for different parameters. Covers AC/DC circuit modeling using regular and parametric sweep methods. The theory will be augmented with practical electrical circuit examples that will help readers to better understand the topic. Discusses circuits like rectifiers, RC filters, transistor as an amplifier, and operational amplifiers in detail.

VLSI Circuit Simulation and Optimization

Author : V. Litovski
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780412638602
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (386 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis VLSI Circuit Simulation and Optimization by : V. Litovski

Download or read book VLSI Circuit Simulation and Optimization written by V. Litovski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-12-31 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Circuit simulation has become an essential tool in circuit design and without it's aid, analogue and mixed-signal IC design would be impossible. However the applicability and limitations of circuit simulators have not been generally well understood and this book now provides a clear and easy to follow explanation of their function. The material covered includes the algorithms used in circuit simulation and the numerical techniques needed for linear and non-linear DC analysis, transient analysis and AC analysis. The book goes on to explain the numeric methods to include sensitivity and tolerance analysis and optimisation of component values for circuit design. The final part deals with logic simulation and mixed-signal simulation algorithms. There are comprehensive and detailed descriptions of the numerical methods and the material is presented in a way that provides for the needs of both experienced engineers who wish to extend their knowledge of current tools and techniques, and of advanced students and researchers who wish to develop new simulators.

Advanced Circuit Simulation Using Multisim Workbench

Author : David Báez López
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1608458040
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advanced Circuit Simulation Using Multisim Workbench by : David Báez López

Download or read book Advanced Circuit Simulation Using Multisim Workbench written by David Báez López and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers advanced analyses and the creation of models and subcircuits. This book also includes coverage of transmission lines, the special elements which are used to connect components in PCBs and integrated circuits. Finally, it includes a description of Ultiboard, the tool for PCB creation from a circuit description in Multisim.

Mosfet Modeling For Circuit Analysis And Design

Author : Carlos Galup-montoro
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814477974
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Mosfet Modeling For Circuit Analysis And Design by : Carlos Galup-montoro

Download or read book Mosfet Modeling For Circuit Analysis And Design written by Carlos Galup-montoro and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007-02-27 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book dedicated to the next generation of MOSFET models. Addressed to circuit designers with an in-depth treatment that appeals to device specialists, the book presents a fresh view of compact modeling, having completely abandoned the regional modeling approach.Both an overview of the basic physics theory required to build compact MOSFET models and a unified treatment of inversion-charge and surface-potential models are provided. The needs of digital, analog and RF designers as regards the availability of simple equations for circuit designs are taken into account. Compact expressions for hand analysis or for automatic synthesis, valid in all operating regions, are presented throughout the book. All the main expressions for computer simulation used in the new generation compact models are derived.Since designers in advanced technologies are increasingly concerned with fluctuations, the modeling of fluctuations is strongly emphasized. A unified approach for both space (matching) and time (noise) fluctuations is introduced.

Circuit Analysis with Multisim

Author : David Báez-López
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1608457567
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Circuit Analysis with Multisim by : David Báez-López

Download or read book Circuit Analysis with Multisim written by David Báez-López and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with circuit simulation using National Instruments Multisim. It focuses on the use and comprehension of the working techniques for electrical and electronic circuit simulation. The first chapters are devoted to basic circuit analysis. It starts by describing in detail how to perform a DC analysis using only resistors and independent and controlled sources. Then, it introduces capacitors and inductors to make a transient analysis. In the case of transient analysis, it is possible to have an initial condition either in the capacitor voltage or in the inductor current, or both. Fourier analysis is discussed in the context of transient analysis. Next, we make a treatment of AC analysis to simulate the frequency response of a circuit. Then, we introduce diodes, transistors, and circuits composed by them and perform DC, transient, and AC analyses. The book ends with simulation of digital circuits. A practical approach is followed through the chapters, using step-by-step examples to introduce new Multisim circuit elements, tools, analyses, and virtual instruments for measurement. The examples are clearly commented and illustrated. The different tools available on Multisim are used when appropriate so readers learn which analyses are available to them. This is part of the learning outcomes that should result after each set of end-of-chapter exercises is worked out. Table of Contents: Introduction to Circuit Simulation / Resistive Circuits / Time Domain Analysis -- Transient Analysis / Frequency Domain Analysis -- AC Analysis / Semiconductor Devices / Digital Circuits

Electronic Circuit & System Simulation Methods (SRE)

Author : Lawrence Pillage
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 9780071347709
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (477 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Electronic Circuit & System Simulation Methods (SRE) by : Lawrence Pillage

Download or read book Electronic Circuit & System Simulation Methods (SRE) written by Lawrence Pillage and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 1995 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume reveals how, using basic principles of elementary circuit analysis along with familiar numerical methods, readers can build up sophisticated electronic simulation tools capable of analyzing large, complicated circuits. The book describes in clear language an especially broad range of uses to which circuit simulation principles may be put-from running general applications, to understand why SPICE works in some cases and not in others.

Fundamentals of Computer-Aided Circuit Simulation

Author : William J. McCalla
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461320119
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Computer-Aided Circuit Simulation by : William J. McCalla

Download or read book Fundamentals of Computer-Aided Circuit Simulation written by William J. McCalla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From little more than a circuit-theoretical concept in 1965, computer-aided circuit simulation developed into an essential and routinely used design tool in less than ten years. In 1965 it was costly and time consuming to analyze circuits consisting of a half-dozen transistors. By 1975 circuits composed of hundreds of transistors were analyzed routinely. Today, simulation capabilities easily extend to thousands of transistors. Circuit designers use simulation as routinely as they used to use a slide rule and almost as easily as they now use hand-held calculators. However, just as with the slide rule or hand-held calculator, some designers are found to use circuit simulation more effectively than others. They ask better questions, do fewer analyses, and get better answers. In general, they are more effective in using circuit simulation as a design tool. Why? Certainly, design experience, skill, intuition, and even luck contribute to a designer's effectiveness. At the same time those who design and develop circuit simulation programs would like to believe that their programs are so easy and straightforward to use, so well debugged and so efficient that even their own grandmother could design effectively using their program.

Analysis and Simulation of Noise in Nonlinear Electronic Circuits and Systems

Author : Alper Demir
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461560632
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Analysis and Simulation of Noise in Nonlinear Electronic Circuits and Systems by : Alper Demir

Download or read book Analysis and Simulation of Noise in Nonlinear Electronic Circuits and Systems written by Alper Demir and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In electronic circuit and system design, the word noise is used to refer to any undesired excitation on the system. In other contexts, noise is also used to refer to signals or excitations which exhibit chaotic or random behavior. The source of noise can be either internal or external to the system. For instance, the thermal and shot noise generated within integrated circuit devices are in ternal noise sources, and the noise picked up from the environment through electromagnetic interference is an external one. Electromagnetic interference can also occur between different components of the same system. In integrated circuits (Ies), signals in one part of the system can propagate to the other parts of the same system through electromagnetic coupling, power supply lines and the Ie substrate. For instance, in a mixed-signal Ie, the switching activity in the digital parts of the circuit can adversely affect the performance of the analog section of the circuit by traveling through the power supply lines and the substrate. Prediction of the effect of these noise sources on the performance of an electronic system is called noise analysis or noise simulation. A methodology for the noise analysis or simulation of an electronic system usually has the following four components: 2 NOISE IN NONLINEAR ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS • Mathematical representations or models for the noise sources. • Mathematical model or representation for the system that is under the in fluence of the noise sources.

Analog Circuit Simulators for Integrated Circuit Designers

Author : Mikael Sahrling
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030642062
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Analog Circuit Simulators for Integrated Circuit Designers by : Mikael Sahrling

Download or read book Analog Circuit Simulators for Integrated Circuit Designers written by Mikael Sahrling and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-26 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how analog circuit simulators work with these easy to use numerical recipes implemented in the popular Python programming environment. This book covers the fundamental aspects of common simulation analysis techniques and algorithms used in professional simulators today in a pedagogical way through simple examples. The book covers not just linear analyses but also nonlinear ones like steady state simulations. It is rich with examples and exercises and many figures to help illustrate the points. For the interested reader, the fundamental mathematical theorems governing the simulation implementations are covered in the appendices. Demonstrates circuit simulation algorithms through actual working code, enabling readers to build an intuitive understanding of what are the strengths and weaknesses with various methods Provides details of all common, modern circuit simulation methods in one source Provides Python code for simulations via download Includes transistor numerical modeling techniques, based on simplified transistor physics Provides detailed mathematics and ample references in appendices

Circuit Stimulation and Analysis

Author : Moslehpour Saeid
Publisher : American Relay Radio League Incorporated.
ISBN 13 : 9781625950055
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Circuit Stimulation and Analysis by : Moslehpour Saeid

Download or read book Circuit Stimulation and Analysis written by Moslehpour Saeid and published by American Relay Radio League Incorporated.. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Power Electronics Circuit Analysis with PSIM®

Author : Farzin Asadi
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110740656
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Power Electronics Circuit Analysis with PSIM® by : Farzin Asadi

Download or read book Power Electronics Circuit Analysis with PSIM® written by Farzin Asadi and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Power electronics systems are nonlinear variable structure systems. They involve passive components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, semiconductor switches such as thyristors and MOSFETs, and circuits for control. The analysis and design of such systems presents significant challenges. Fortunately, increased availability of powerful computer and simulation programs makes the analysis/design process much easier. PSIM® is an electronic circuit simulation software package, designed specifically for use in power electronics and motor drive simulations but can be used to simulate any electronic circuit. With fast simulation speed and user friendly interface, PSIM provides a powerful simulation environment to meed the user simulation and development needs. This book shows how to simulate the power electronics circuits in PSIM environment. The prerequisite for this book is a first course on power electronics. This book is composed of eight chapters: Chapter 1 is an introduction to PSIM. Chapter 2 shows the fundamentals of circuit simulation with PSIM. Chapter 3 introduces the SimviewTM. Simview is PSIM’s waveform display and post-processing program. Chapter 4 introduces the most commonly used components of PSIM. Chapter 5 shows how PSIM can be used for analysis of power electronics circuits. 45 examples are studied in this chapter. Chapter 6 shows how you can simulate motors and mechanical loads in PSIM. Chapter 7 introduces the SimCouplerTM. Simcoupler fuses PSIM with Simulink® by providing an interface for co-simulation. Chapter 8 introduces the SmartCtrl®. SmartCtrl is a controller design software specifically geared towards power electronics applications. https://powersimtech.com/2021/10/01/book-release-power-electronics-circuit-analysis-with-psim/

The Designer’s Guide to Spice and Spectre®

Author : Ken Kundert
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306482002
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Designer’s Guide to Spice and Spectre® by : Ken Kundert

Download or read book The Designer’s Guide to Spice and Spectre® written by Ken Kundert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering productivity in integrated circuit product design and - velopment today is limited largely by the effectiveness of the CAD tools used. For those domains of product design that are highly dependent on transistor-level circuit design and optimization, such as high-speed logic and memory, mixed-signal analog-digital int- faces, RF functions, power integrated circuits, and so forth, circuit simulation is perhaps the single most important tool. As the complexity and performance of integrated electronic systems has increased with scaling of technology feature size, the capabilities and sophistication of the underlying circuit simulation tools have correspondingly increased. The absolute size of circuits requiring transistor-level simulation has increased dramatically, creating not only problems of computing power resources but also problems of task organization, complexity management, output representation, initial condition setup, and so forth. Also, as circuits of more c- plexity and mixed types of functionality are attacked with simu- tion, the spread between time constants or event time scales within the circuit has tended to become wider, requiring new strategies in simulators to deal with large time constant spreads.

Computer Methods for Circuit Analysis and Design

Author : Jiri Vlach
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780442011949
Total Pages : 738 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (119 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Computer Methods for Circuit Analysis and Design by : Jiri Vlach

Download or read book Computer Methods for Circuit Analysis and Design written by Jiri Vlach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is about methods used for the computer simulation of analog systems. It concentrates on electronic applications, but many of the methods are applicable to other engineering problems as well. This revised edition (1st, 1983) encompasses recent theoretical developments and program-writing tips for computer-aided design. About 60% of the text is suitable for a senior-level course in circuit theory. The whole text is suitable for graduate courses or as a reference for scientists and engineers who seek information in the field. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

The SPICE Book

Author : Andrei Vladimirescu
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The SPICE Book by : Andrei Vladimirescu

Download or read book The SPICE Book written by Andrei Vladimirescu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1994 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book, written by Andre Vladimirescu, who was instrumental in the development of SPICE at the University of California Berkeley, introduces computer simulation of electrical and electronics circuits based on the SPICE standard. Relying on the functionality first supported in SPICE2 that is now supported in all SPICE programs, this text is addressed to all users of electrical simulation. The approach to learning circuit simulation is to interpret simulation results in relation to electrical engineering fundamentals; the book asks the student to solve most circuit examples by hand before verifying the results with SPICE. Addressed to both the SPICE novice and the experienced user, the first six chapters provide the relevant information on SPICE functionality for the analysis of linear as well as nonlinear circuits. Each of these chapters starts out with a linear example accessible to any new user of SPICE and proceeds with nonlinear transistor circuits. The latter part of the book goes into more detail on such issues as functional and hierarchical models, distortion analysis, basic algorithms in SPICE and related options parameters, and, how to direct SPICE to find a solution when it does not converge to a solution. The approach emphasizes that SPICE is not a substitute for knowledge of circuit operation but a complement. The SPICE Book is different from previously published books in the approach of solving circuit problems with a computer. The solution to most circuit examples is sketched out by hand first and followed by a SPICE verification. For more complex circuits it is not feasible to find the solution by hand but the approach stresses the need for the SPICE user tounderstand the results. Readers gain a better comprehension of SPICE thanks to the importance placed on the relation between EE fundamentals and computer simulation. The tutorial approach advances from the hand solution of a circuit to SPICE verification and simulation results interpretation. This book teaches the approach to electrical circuit simulation rather than a specific simulation program. Examples are simulated alternatively with SPICE2, SPICE3 or PSPICE. Accurate descriptions, simulation rationale and cogent explanations make this an invaluable reference.

Computational Methods in Circuit Simulation

Author : Ibrahim N. Hajj
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781537729886
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (298 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Computational Methods in Circuit Simulation by : Ibrahim N. Hajj

Download or read book Computational Methods in Circuit Simulation written by Ibrahim N. Hajj and published by . This book was released on 2016-12-13 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN CIRCUIT SIMULATION INCUDES THEORY, NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES, AND RECIPES ON HOW TO BUILD A SIMULATOR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF VERY LARGE CIRCUITS WITH COMPLEX DEVICE AND COMPONENT MODELSThis book provides theoretical basis of circuit simulation with special emphasis on the simulation of very large circuits and systems. The results are presented in algorithmic form and recipes that can be easily translated into computer code. The book:* Explains the theoretical basis of circuit formulation and describes the Extended Nodal Analysis, which is a generalization of the traditional nodal and modified nodal analysis that allows the inclusion of complex device models.* Describes how to build the circuit equations from the input netlist using the stamp approach.* Presents the solution of large linear equations using sparse matrix techniques, partitioning, iterative and projection methods.* Covers DC solution or the solution of nonlinear algebraic equations, including variations of Newton method and piecewise-linear techniques.* Covers transient analysis or solution of algebraic-differential equations, including integration formulas, stability, error estimation and step-size control.* Explains reduced-order modeling for the simulation of very large dynamic circuits and systems.* Includes sensitivity analysis.