Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Download Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323544266
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy by : Andrew E. Budson

Download or read book Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy written by Andrew E. Budson and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a thorough, expert overview of the many key facets of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) with this concise, practical resource by Drs. Andrew E. Budson, Ann C. McKee, Robert C. Cantu, and Robert A. Stern. This easy-to-read reference is based on lectures from Boston University’s Alzheimer’s Disease Center’s November 2016 two-day conference on CTE. Features a wealth of information on CTE, ideal for neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychologists and other practitioners who see patients with concussions or a history of brain trauma Helps health care providers understand how common concussions and CTE have become in adults of all ages, and how serious are the long-term consequences are if not managed properly Discusses the history, pathology, and genetics of CTE as well as the new criteria, differential diagnosis, and treatment of CTE Consolidates today’s available information and guidance in this timely area into one convenient resource Features a wealth of information on CTE, ideal for neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychologists and other practitioners who see patients with concussions or a history of brain trauma. Helps health care providers understand how common concussions and CTE have become in adults of all ages, and how serious are the long-term consequences are if not managed properly. Discusses the history, pathology, and genetics of CTE as well as the new criteria, differential diagnosis, and treatment of CTE. Consolidates today’s available information and guidance in this timely area into one convenient resource.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

Download Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030232883
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) by : Charles J. Golden

Download or read book Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) written by Charles J. Golden and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-20 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has recently gained a significant amount of media coverage. However, a large proportion of the information disseminated through the media pertaining to the etiology, neuropathology, and clinical manifestations of CTE are not corroborated by empirical research, and are disputed by prominent researchers who study sports related head injury. This book reviews the existing literature pertaining to these components of CTE and includes unique case studies of several retired NFL players that received a comprehensive neuropsychological battery from a board certified neuropsychologist, among other populations. It investigates the claim that CTE causes depression, violent behavior, and an increased risk for suicide by providing an in depth discussion using empirical data. Highlighting the importance of adhering to post concussion protocol and appreciating the long-term consequences of repeated head trauma, this unique review of the current research on CTE will be useful to students and professionals in psychology and neurology.

Brain Injury Medicine

Download Brain Injury Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323779441
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (237 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Brain Injury Medicine by : Blessen C. Eapen

Download or read book Brain Injury Medicine written by Blessen C. Eapen and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-07-17 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only review book currently available in this complex field, Brain Injury Medicine: Board Review focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of individuals with varying severity levels of brain injury. Focused, high-yield content prepares you for success on exams and in practice, with up-to-date coverage of traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, CNS neoplasms, anoxic brain injury, and other brain disorders. This unique review tool is ideal for residents, fellows, and practitioners studying or working in the field and preparing to take the brain injury medicine exam. Supports self-assessment and review with 200 board-style questions and explanations. Covers the information you need to know on traumatic brain injury by severity and pattern, neurologic disorders, systemic manifestations, rehabilitation problems and outcomes, and basic science. Includes questions on patient management including patient evaluation and diagnosis, prognosis/risk factors, and applied science. Discusses key topics such as neurodegeneration and dementia; proteomic, genetic, and epigenetic biomarkers in TBI; neuromodulation and neuroprosthetics; and assistive technology. Reviews must-know procedures including acute emergency management and critical care; post-concussion syndrome assessment, management and treatment; diagnostic procedures and electrophysiology; neuroimaging, and brain death criteria. Ensures efficient, effective review with content written by experts in physical medicine and rehabilitation, neurology, and psychiatry and a format that mirrors the board exam outline.

League of Denial

Download League of Denial PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 0770437567
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis League of Denial by : Mark Fainaru-Wada

Download or read book League of Denial written by Mark Fainaru-Wada and published by Crown. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • The story of how the NFL, over a period of nearly two decades, denied and sought to cover up mounting evidence of the connection between football and brain damage “League of Denial may turn out to be the most influential sports-related book of our time.”—The Boston Globe “Professional football players do not sustain frequent repetitive blows to the brain on a regular basis.” So concluded the National Football League in a December 2005 scientific paper on concussions in America’s most popular sport. That judgment, implausible even to a casual fan, also contradicted the opinion of a growing cadre of neuroscientists who worked in vain to convince the NFL that it was facing a deadly new scourge: a chronic brain disease that was driving an alarming number of players—including some of the all-time greats—to madness. In League of Denial, award-winning ESPN investigative reporters Mark Fainaru-Wada and Steve Fainaru tell the story of a public health crisis that emerged from the playing fields of our twenty-first-century pastime. Everyone knows that football is violent and dangerous. But what the players who built the NFL into a $10 billion industry didn’t know—and what the league sought to shield from them—is that no amount of padding could protect the human brain from the force generated by modern football, that the very essence of the game could be exposing these players to brain damage. In a fast-paced narrative that moves between the NFL trenches, America’s research labs, and the boardrooms where the NFL went to war against science, League of Denial examines how the league used its power and resources to attack independent scientists and elevate its own flawed research—a campaign with echoes of Big Tobacco’s fight to deny the connection between smoking and lung cancer. It chronicles the tragic fates of players like Hall of Fame Pittsburgh Steelers center Mike Webster, who was so disturbed at the time of his death he fantasized about shooting NFL executives, and former San Diego Chargers great Junior Seau, whose diseased brain became the target of an unseemly scientific battle between researchers and the NFL. Based on exclusive interviews, previously undisclosed documents, and private emails, this is the story of what the NFL knew and when it knew it—questions at the heart of a crisis that threatens football, from the highest levels all the way down to Pop Warner.

Sports-Related Concussions in Youth

Download Sports-Related Concussions in Youth PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309288037
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sports-Related Concussions in Youth by : National Research Council

Download or read book Sports-Related Concussions in Youth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.

Hemingway's Brain

Download Hemingway's Brain PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of South Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 161117743X
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (111 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hemingway's Brain by : Andrew Farah

Download or read book Hemingway's Brain written by Andrew Farah and published by Univ of South Carolina Press. This book was released on 2017-04-18 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A forensic psychiatrist’s second opinion on the conditions that led to Ernest Hemingway’s suicide, “mixing biography, literature and medical analysis” (The Washington Post). Hemingway’s Brain is an innovative biography and the first forensic psychiatric examination of Nobel Prize–winning author Ernest Hemingway. After seventeen years researching Hemingway’s life and medical history, Andrew Farah, a forensic psychiatrist, has concluded that the writer’s diagnoses were incorrect. Contrary to the commonly accepted diagnoses of bipolar disorder and alcoholism, he provides a comprehensive explanation of the medical conditions that led to Hemingway’s suicide. Hemingway received state-of-the-art psychiatric treatment at one of the nation’s finest medical institutes, but according to Farah it was for the wrong illness, and his death was not the result of medical mismanagement but medical misunderstanding. Farah argues that despite popular mythology Hemingway was not manic-depressive and his alcohol abuse and characteristic narcissism were simply pieces of a much larger puzzle. Through a thorough examination of biographies, letters, memoirs of friends and family, and even Hemingway’s FBI file, combined with recent insights on the effects of trauma on the brain, Farah pieces together this compelling alternative narrative of Hemingway’s illness, one missing from the scholarship for too long. Though Hemingway’s life has been researched extensively and many biographies written, those authors relied on the original diagnoses and turned to psychoanalysis and conjecture regarding Hemingway’s mental state. Farah has sought to understand why Hemingway’s decline accelerated after two courses of electroconvulsive therapy, and in this volume explains which current options might benefit a similar patient today. Hemingway’s Brain provides a full and accurate accounting of this psychiatric diagnosis by exploring the genetic influences, traumatic brain injuries, and neurological and psychological forces that resulted in what many have described as his tortured final years. It aims to eliminate the confusion and define for all future scholarship the specifics of the mental illnesses that shaped legendary literary works and destroyed the life of a master.

Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans

Download Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309486890
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-05-20 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) provides disability compensation to veterans with a service-connected injury, and to receive disability compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), a veteran must submit a claim or have a claim submitted on his or her behalf. Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans reviews the process by which the VA assesses impairments resulting from traumatic brain injury for purposes of awarding disability compensation. This report also provides recommendations for legislative or administrative action for improving the adjudication of veterans' claims seeking entitlement to compensation for all impairments arising from a traumatic brain injury.

The Neuropsychology of Cortical Dementias

Download The Neuropsychology of Cortical Dementias PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 0826107265
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Neuropsychology of Cortical Dementias by : Chad A. Noggle

Download or read book The Neuropsychology of Cortical Dementias written by Chad A. Noggle and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-12-16 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CourseSmart Only

Traumatic Brain Injury

Download Traumatic Brain Injury PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030224368
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Traumatic Brain Injury by : Jack W. Tsao

Download or read book Traumatic Brain Injury written by Jack W. Tsao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thoroughly revised and updated work covers numerous advances in traumatic brain injury diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and pathophysiology. Since publication of the first edition in 2012, there has been greatly increased public awareness of the clinical consequences of even the mildest of head injuries, and the result has been a concerted effort of countries around the world to increase research funding. This second edition continues to focus on mild traumatic brain injury--or concussion--and contains updates to all the original chapters as well as adding new chapters addressing clinical sequelae, including pediatric concussion, visual changes, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and blast-associated TBI. Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinician's Guide to Diagnosis, Management, and Rehabilitation, Second Edition, is a comprehensive resource designed for neurologists, primary care clinicians, sports physicians, and other medical providers, including psychologists and neuropsychologists, as well as athletic trainers who may evaluate and care for individuals who have sustained a TBI. The book features summaries of the most pertinent areas of diagnosis and therapy, which can be readily accessed by the busy clinician/professional. In addition, the book's treatment algorithms provide a highly practical reference to cutting edge therapies, and an updated appendix of ICD codes is included. An outstanding contribution to the literature, Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinician's Guide to Diagnosis, Management, and Rehabilitation, Second Edition, again offers an invaluable resource for all providers who treat patients with TBI.

CTE, Media, and the NFL

Download CTE, Media, and the NFL PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498570577
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis CTE, Media, and the NFL by : Travis R. Bell

Download or read book CTE, Media, and the NFL written by Travis R. Bell and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CTE, Media, and the NFL: Framing a Public Health Crisis as a Football Epidemic examines the central role of mediain constructing an entangled relationship between chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and the National Football League (NFL), challenging a predominately symbiotic sports/media complex. The authors of this book analyze more than a decade of media coverage, along with three prominent films, to unpack how media discourse resurrects CTE, a preventable degenerative brain disease linked to boxing in 1928, and subsequently frames it as a football epidemic dating back to 2005. The authors position CTE as a public health crisis, whereby media coverage of CTE and the NFL’s vigorous reliance on controversial published research by the Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) Committee parallels the moral panic of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and Big Tobacco’s manufacturing of doubt through faulty science. This book argues that the continued aspiration and idolization of the NFL, and its lack of accountability for health concerns surrounding brain injuries, highlight the firm grasp of hegemonic masculinity on the ideology of American football - further problematizing media’s glorification of the sport. Scholars of sports media, health communication, and general media studies will find this book particularly useful to discuss longitudinal effects of media framing centered on critical health risks in sport and the challenge of translating accurate scientific knowledge to the public domain.

Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury

Download Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498766579
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury by : Daniel Laskowitz

Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme

Research Anthology on Business Strategies, Health Factors, and Ethical Implications in Sports and eSports

Download Research Anthology on Business Strategies, Health Factors, and Ethical Implications in Sports and eSports PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799877523
Total Pages : 1008 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Research Anthology on Business Strategies, Health Factors, and Ethical Implications in Sports and eSports by : Management Association, Information Resources

Download or read book Research Anthology on Business Strategies, Health Factors, and Ethical Implications in Sports and eSports written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-11-27 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From issues of racism to the severity of concussions to celebrity endorsements, the sports industry continues to significantly impact society. With the rise of eSports and its projection as the next billion dollar industry, it is vital that a multifaceted approach to sports research be undertaken. On one side, businesses are continually offering new methods for marketing and branding and finding the best ways to enhance consumer engagement and the consumer experience. On the other side, there has been progress and new findings in the physical fitness and training of the athletes themselves along with discussions on their psychology and wellbeing. This two-tiered approach to analyzing sports and eSports from a practical business perspective, along with a lens placed on the athletes themselves, provides a comprehensive view of the current advancements, technologies, and strategies within various aspects of the sports and esports industry. Research Anthology on Business Strategies, Health Factors, and Ethical Implications in Sports and eSports covers the latest findings on all factors of sports: the branding and marketing of sports and eSports, studies on athletes and consumers, a dive into the ethics of sports, and the introduction of eSports to the industry. This wide coverage of all fields of research recently conducted leads this book to be a well-rounded view of how sports are functioning in modern times. Highlighted topics include branding tactics, consumer engagement, eSports history and technologies, ethics and law, and psychological studies of athlete wellness. This book is ideal for sports managers, athletes, trainers, marketers, brand managers, advertisers, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students interested working in the fields of sports medicine, law, physical education, assistive technologies, marketing, consumer behavior, and psychology.

Concussions and Our Kids

Download Concussions and Our Kids PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN 13 : 0547773943
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (477 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Concussions and Our Kids by : Robert C. Cantu

Download or read book Concussions and Our Kids written by Robert C. Cantu and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2012 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From America's preeminent expert on the head trauma crisis in sports, a timely, provocative, essential guide to concussions in youth sports--what they are, how to treat them, and how to protect our young athletes.

The Handbook of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias

Download The Handbook of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444344099
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Handbook of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias by : Andrew E. Budson

Download or read book The Handbook of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias written by Andrew E. Budson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reference is a broad-ranging review of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias from both basic and clinical neuroscience perspectives; it provides scientists and medical professionals with an extensive introduction and an up-to-date review of cutting-edge scientific advances. Brings the reader up-to-date with cutting-edge developments in this exciting and fast-paced field Summarizes the most recent developments in the fields of Alzheimer's disease and dementia Brings together articles from a prominent and international group of contributors Encompasses a unique range of topics, combining basic molecular perspectives and cognitive neurosciences

Medical Aspects of Boxing

Download Medical Aspects of Boxing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849342813
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (428 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Medical Aspects of Boxing by : Barry Jordan

Download or read book Medical Aspects of Boxing written by Barry Jordan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-11-23 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical Aspects of Boxing is a comprehensive text that serves as an excellent general reference for all healthcare providers involved with boxing. The major focus of the book is geared toward the neurological aspects of boxing. An entire section of the volume is devoted to such topics as acute and chronic brain injury, neuroradiology, neuropsychology, electrophysiology, and epidemiology of brain injury. General concepts of boxing, including the role of the ringside physician, differences between amateur and professional boxing, socio-medical aspects of boxing, and non-neurological medical aspects of boxing are also discussed.

Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Download Neuroimmune Pharmacology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319440225
Total Pages : 1045 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neuroimmune Pharmacology by : Tsuneya Ikezu

Download or read book Neuroimmune Pharmacology written by Tsuneya Ikezu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-22 with total page 1045 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Neuroimmune Pharmacology bridges the disciplines of neuroscience, immunology and pharmacology from the molecular to clinical levels with particular thought made to engage new research directives and clinical modalities. Bringing together the foremost field authorities from around the world, Neuroimmune Pharmacology will serve as an invaluable resource for the basic and applied scientists of the current decade and beyond.

Concussion and Traumatic Encephalopathy

Download Concussion and Traumatic Encephalopathy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107073952
Total Pages : 895 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Concussion and Traumatic Encephalopathy by : Jeff Victoroff

Download or read book Concussion and Traumatic Encephalopathy written by Jeff Victoroff and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers will discover how very recent scientific advances have overthrown a century of dogma about concussive brain injury.