Chromium And Its Compounds

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Toxicological Profile for Chromium

Author : U.s. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781495287336
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Chromium by : U.s. Department of Health and Human Services

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Chromium written by U.s. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-01-22 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987. Each profile will be revised and republished as necessary. The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the toxic substances each profile describes. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a substance's toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented but is described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document; however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. The profiles focus on health and toxicologic information; therefore, each toxicological profile begins with a public health statement that describes, in nontechnical language, a substance's relevant toxicological properties. Following the public health statement is information concerning levels of significant human exposure and, where known, significant health effects. A health effects summary describes the adequacy of information to determine a substance's health effects. ATSDR identifies data needs that are significant to protection of public health. Each profile: (A) Examines, summarizes, and interprets available toxicologic information and epidemiologic evaluations on a toxic substance to ascertain the levels of significant human exposure for the substance and the associated acute, subacute, and chronic health effects; (B) Determines whether adequate information on the health effects of each substance is available or being developed to determine levels of exposure that present a significant risk to human health of acute, subacute, and chronic health effects; and (C) Where appropriate, identifies toxicologic testing needed to identify the types or levels of exposure that may present significant risk of adverse health effects in humans.

Biological and Environmental Aspects of Chromium

Author : Sverre Langård
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological and Environmental Aspects of Chromium by : Sverre Langård

Download or read book Biological and Environmental Aspects of Chromium written by Sverre Langård and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological and Environmental Aspects of Chromium ...

The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Chromium

Author : John B. Vincent
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118458850
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Chromium by : John B. Vincent

Download or read book The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Chromium written by John B. Vincent and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-04 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromium exists in nature as complexes of two stable oxidation states – trivalent chromium(III) and hexavalent chromium(VI). Although trivalent chromium is required in trace amounts for sugar and lipid metabolism in humans and its deficiency may cause a disease called chromium deficiency; hexavalent chromium is toxic and carcinogenic. As chromium compounds were used in dyes and paints and the tanning of leather, these compounds are often found in soil and groundwater at abandoned industrial sites, now needing environmental cleanup and remediation. The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Chromium: From Biochemistry to Environmental Toxicology takes a critical look at what the biochemical data indicate about chromium's role in the body and the biological mechanisms of its toxicology. Topics covered include: What do we know about the biochemical roles and mechanisms of chromium? Is chromium an essential element in the mammalian diet? Is chromium(III) effective as a nutraceutical, a therapeutic agent, and as a supplement in animal feed? What is the biochemistry behind the toxicology of chromium(III) and chromium(VI):the mechanisms of metabolism, genetic and epigenetic effects, and disruption of cell signalling? What are the current chromium(VI) policies and positions from regulatory agencies? The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Chromium: From Biochemistry to Environmental Toxicology is an important contribution to the bioinorganic and trace element biochemical fields which will find a place on the bookshelves of bioinorganic chemists, biochemists, inorganic chemists, toxicologists, nutritionists and regulatory affairs professionals.

Chromium(VI) Handbook

Author : Jacques Guertin
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203487966
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Chromium(VI) Handbook by : Jacques Guertin

Download or read book Chromium(VI) Handbook written by Jacques Guertin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-28 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Put together by a team of scientists, engineers, regulators, and lawyers, the Chromium(VI) Handbook consolidates the latest literature on this topic. The broad scope of this book fills the need for a comprehensive resource on chromium(VI), improving the knowledge of this contaminant at a time when the extent and degree of the problem is still being

Chromium Oxidations in Organic Chemistry

Author : G. Cainelli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642693628
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Chromium Oxidations in Organic Chemistry by : G. Cainelli

Download or read book Chromium Oxidations in Organic Chemistry written by G. Cainelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromium oxidation, well known and widely explored in organic chemistry since the very beginning of this science, is a topic of current interest for the organic chemist as evidenced by the continuous development of new techni ques and procedures reported in the literature. Chromium oxidation is a simple process which can be easily performed in the laboratory and scaled up in industry as well. Although almost every oxidizable organic functional group may undergo chromium oxidation, the most important fields of appli cation are the oxidation of alcohols, allylic and benzylic oxidation, oxidative degradation and oxidation of some organometallic compounds. A high degree of selectivity is often possible by choosing the most suitable reagent among those several ones now available. This book takes account of the various functional groups that undergo oxidation and the entire literature up to 1982. It has been written in the hope to help the synthetic organic chemist in his experimental work. For this purpose a number of tables comprising yields and references have been included; detailed descriptions of typical procedures are meant to show the experimental conditions and the scope of the reactions. We wish to thank Dr. Mario Orena for his valuable scientific and technical assistence and Prof. Bruno Camerino, who read the entire manuscript and corrected many of the errors. Bologna, February 1984 Gianfranco Cainelli Giuliana Cardillo Table of Contents I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . .

Chemical Processes in Marine Environments

Author : Antonio Gianguzza
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 366204207X
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Processes in Marine Environments by : Antonio Gianguzza

Download or read book Chemical Processes in Marine Environments written by Antonio Gianguzza and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses recent developments in the study of chemical processes and equilibria in the marine environment and in the air/water and water/sediment interfaces. The chemical cycle of carbon as well as the effect of organic substances on the speciation and distribution of inorganic and organometallic substances are extensively discussed. Much of the recent progress in the area is the direct result of advanced analytical technologies and chemometric applications which are highlighted in the book.

Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones

Author : Gabriel Tojo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 038725725X
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones by : Gabriel Tojo

Download or read book Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones written by Gabriel Tojo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-15 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to help people performing routine operations in Organic Synthesis in a laboratory. This book, the first one in a series, focuses on the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. Probably, this is the most important routine operation in Organic Synthesis.

Chromium in the Natural and Human Environments

Author : Jerome O. Nriagu
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471856436
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (564 download)

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Book Synopsis Chromium in the Natural and Human Environments by : Jerome O. Nriagu

Download or read book Chromium in the Natural and Human Environments written by Jerome O. Nriagu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1988-03-31 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive chemical and biochemical treatment on the effects of chromium in the environment and in man. Such an integrated treatment of the chemical and biochemical aspects of chromium is novel and has not appeared in the published literature. Reviews the information on global cycling and environmental occurrence of chromium compounds, which defines the extent of the environmental and toxicological concern. The treatment of chromium chemistry provides the basis for toxicological models of chromium hypersensitivity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and toxicokinetics. Chapters contain graphical representations of the voluminous mutagenicity and animal carcinogenicity data according to chromium compound type, and a tabular summary of all published epidemiological data, broken down according to industry. Also covers clinical patterns, prognosis, pathogenesis, prophylaxis, and environmental and biological monitoring.

Environmental Medicine

Author : Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309568722
Total Pages : 988 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Medicine by : Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine

Download or read book Environmental Medicine written by Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-05-12 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People are increasingly concerned about potential environmental health hazards and often ask their physicians questions such as: "Is the tap water safe to drink?" "Is it safe to live near power lines?" Unfortunately, physicians often lack the information and training related to environmental health risks needed to answer such questions. This book discusses six competency based learning objectives for all medical school students, discusses the relevance of environmental health to specific courses and clerkships, and demonstrates how to integrate environmental health into the curriculum through published case studies, some of which are included in one of the book's three appendices. Also included is a guide on where to obtain additional information for treatment, referral, and follow-up for diseases with possible environmental and/or occupational origins.

Inorganic Chromium(III) Compounds

Author : Tiina Santonen
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241530766
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Inorganic Chromium(III) Compounds by : Tiina Santonen

Download or read book Inorganic Chromium(III) Compounds written by Tiina Santonen and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document on inorganic chromium (III) compounds provides summaries of the relevant scientific information concerning the potential effects of these chemicals upon human health and/or the environment. Chemical safety cards on the most common inorganic trivalent chromium compounds are reproduced in this document.

Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenesis

Author : Xianglin Shi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461507936
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenesis by : Xianglin Shi

Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenesis written by Xianglin Shi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings focus on the latest research in molecular mechanisms of metal-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis. The conference promoted a multidisciplinary investigative approach and included presentations from international experts on state-of-the-art information in this field.

Handbook of Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts

Author : Ray Hoff
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119242215
Total Pages : 895 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts by : Ray Hoff

Download or read book Handbook of Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts written by Ray Hoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including recent advances and historically important catalysts, this book overviews methods for developing and applying polymerization catalysts – dealing with polymerization catalysts that afford commercially acceptable high yields of polymer with respect to catalyst mass or productivity. • Contains the valuable data needed to reproduce syntheses or use the catalyst for new applications • Offers a guide to the design and synthesis of catalysts, and their applications in synthesis of polymers • Includes the information essential for choosing the appropriate reactions to maximize yield of polymer synthesized • Presents new chapters on vanadium catalysts, Ziegler catalysts, laboratory homopolymerization, and copolymerization

Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology

Author : Bibhuti Bhusan Mishra
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111952623X
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology by : Bibhuti Bhusan Mishra

Download or read book Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology written by Bibhuti Bhusan Mishra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-22 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology Uniquely reveals the state-of-the-art microbial research/advances in the environment and agriculture fields Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology: Applications for Sustainability is divided into two parts which embody chapters on sustenance and life cycles of microorganisms in various environmental conditions, their dispersal, interactions with other inhabited communities, metabolite production, and reclamation. Though books pertaining to soil & agricultural microbiology/environmental biotechnology are available, there is a dearth of comprehensive literature on the behavior of microorganisms in the environmental and agricultural realm. Part 1 includes bioremediation of agrochemicals by microalgae, detoxification of chromium and other heavy metals by microbial biofilm, microbial biopolymer technology including polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB), their production, degradability behaviors, and applications. Biosurfactants production and their commercial importance are also systematically represented in this part. Part 2 having 9 chapters, facilitates imperative ideas on approaches for sustainable agriculture through functional soil microbes, next-generation crop improvement strategies via rhizosphere microbiome, production and implementation of liquid biofertilizers, mitigation of methane from livestock, chitinases from microbes, extremozymes, an enzyme from extremophilic microorganism and their relevance in current biotechnology, lithobiontic communities, and their environmental importance, have all been comprehensively elaborated. In the era of sustainable energy production, biofuel and other bioenergy products play a key role, and their production from microbial sources are frontiers for researchers. The final chapter unveils the importance of microbes and their consortia for management of solid waste in amalgamation with biotechnology Audience The book will be read by environmental microbiologists, biotechnologists, chemical and agricultural engineers.

Multiple Bonds between Metal Atoms

Author : F. Albert Cotton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780387250847
Total Pages : 856 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (58 download)

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Book Synopsis Multiple Bonds between Metal Atoms by : F. Albert Cotton

Download or read book Multiple Bonds between Metal Atoms written by F. Albert Cotton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-06-28 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides historical perspective as well as current data Abundantly illustrated with figures redrawn from literature data Covers all pertinent theory and physical chemistry Catalytic and chemotherapeutic applications are included

The Collected Works of Sir Humphry Davy

Author : Humphry Davy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.+/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Collected Works of Sir Humphry Davy by : Humphry Davy

Download or read book The Collected Works of Sir Humphry Davy written by Humphry Davy and published by . This book was released on 1839 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essential Metals in Medicine: Therapeutic Use and Toxicity of Metal Ions in the Clinic

Author : Peggy L. Carver
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110526980
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Essential Metals in Medicine: Therapeutic Use and Toxicity of Metal Ions in the Clinic by : Peggy L. Carver

Download or read book Essential Metals in Medicine: Therapeutic Use and Toxicity of Metal Ions in the Clinic written by Peggy L. Carver and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-01-14 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 19, entitled Essential Metals in Medicine: Therapeutic Use and Toxicity of Metal Ions in the Clinic of the series Metal Ions in Life Sciences centers on the role of metal ions in clinical medicine. Metal ions are tightly regulated in human health: while essential to life, they can be toxic as well. Following an introductory chapter briefly discussing several important metal-related drugs and diseases and a chapter about drug development, the focus is fi rst on iron: its essentiality for pathogens and humans as well as its toxicity. Chelation therapy is addressed in the context of thalassemia, its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases and also the risks connected with iron administration are pointed out. A subject of intense debate is the essentiality of chromium and vanadium. For example, chromium(III) compounds are taken as a nutritional supplement by athletes and bodybuilders; in contrast, chromate, Cr(VI), is toxic and a carcinogen for humans. The benefi cial and toxic effects of manganese, cobalt, and copper on humans are discussed. The need for antiparasitic agents is emphasized as well as the clinical aspects of metal-containing antidotes for cyanide poisoning. In addition to the essential and possibly essential ones, also other metal ions play important roles in human health, causing harm (like the metalloid arsenic, lead or cadmium) or being used in diagnosis or treatment of human diseases, like gadolinium, gallium, lithium, gold, silver or platinum. The impact of this vibrant research area on metals in the clinic is provided in 14 stimulating chapters, written by internationally recognized experts from the Americas, Europe and China, and is manifested by approximately 2000 references, and about 90 illustrations and tables. Essential Metals in Medicine: Therapeutic Use and Toxicity of Metal Ions in the Clinic is an essential resource for scientists working in the wide range from pharmacology, enzymology, material sciences, analytical, organic, and inorganic biochemistry all the way through to medicine ... not forgetting that it also provides excellent information for teaching.

Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc

Download Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc PDF Online Free

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309072793
Total Pages : 804 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-07-19 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.