Chlorine Cycling In Terrestrial Environments

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Chlorine Cycling in Terrestrial Environments

Author : Malin Montelius
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176858138
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Chlorine Cycling in Terrestrial Environments by : Malin Montelius

Download or read book Chlorine Cycling in Terrestrial Environments written by Malin Montelius and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated organic compounds (Clorg) are produced naturally in soil. Formation and degradation of Clorg affect the chlorine (Cl) cycling in terrestrial environments and chlorine can be retained or released from soil. Cl is known to have the same behaviour as radioactive chlorine-36 (36Cl), a long-lived radioisotope with a half-life of 300,000 years. 36Cl attracts interest because of its presence in radioactive waste, making 36Cl a potential risk for humans and animals due to possible biological uptake. This thesis studies the distribution and cycling of chloride (Cl–) and Clorg in terrestrial environments by using laboratory controlled soil incubation studies and a forest field study. The results show higher amounts of Cl– and Clorg and higher chlorination rates in coniferous forest soils than in pasture and agricultural soils. Tree species is the most important factor regulating Cl– and Clorg levels, whereas geographical location, atmospheric deposition, and soil type are less important. The root zone was the most active site of the chlorination process. Moreover, this thesis confirms that bulk Clorg dechlorination rates are similar to, or higher than, chlorination rates and that there are at least two major Clorg pools, one being dechlorinated quickly and one remarkably slower. While chlorination rates were negatively influenced by nitrogen additions, dechlorination rates, seem unaffected by nitrogen. The results implicate that Cl cycling is highly active in soils and Cl– and Clorg levels result from a dynamic equilibrium between chlorination and dechlorination. Influence of tree species and the rapid and slow cycling of some Cl pools, are critical to consider in studies of Cl in terrestrial environments. This information can be used to better understand Cl in risk-assessment modelling including inorganic and organic 36Cl. Klorerade organiska föreningar (Clorg) bildas naturligt i mark och påverkar klorets kretslopp genom att de stannar kvar längre i marken. Detta stabila klor anses ha samma egenskaper som klor-36, som är en långlivad radioisotop med en halveringstid på 300 000 år. Klor-36 förekommer i olika typer av radioaktivt avfall och om klor-36 sprids i naturen finns det en potentiell risk för människor och djur genom biologiskt upptag. Syftet i denna avhandling är att öka kunskapen om fördelningen och cirkulationen av klorid (Cl-) och Clorg i terrestra miljöer med hjälp av studier i laboratoriemiljö samt en fältstudie i skogsmiljö. Resultaten visar att bildningshastigheten av Clorg är högst i barrskogsjord och rotzonen tycks vara en aktiv plats. Det finns också en större mängd Cl- och Clorg i barrskogsjordar än i betesmark och jordbruksmark. Den mest betydande faktorn som styr halterna av Cl- och Clorg är trädsort, medan geografiskt läge, atmosfäriskt nedfall, och jordmån är av mindre betydelse. Bildning och nedbrytning av Clorg sker med liknande hastigheter, men det tycks finnas två förråd av Clorg i jorden varav ett bryts ner snabbt och ett mer långsamt. Bildningshastigheten av Clorg är lägre i jordar med höga halter av kväve medan nedbrytningshastigheterna inte påverkas av kväve. Slutsatsen från studiernas resultat är att klor i hög grad är aktivt i mark och att Cl- och Clorg halterna bestäms av en dynamisk jämvikt mellan bildning och nedbrytning av Clorg. I studier av klor i terrestra miljöer bör trädsorters inverkan och nedbrytning av olika klorförråd beaktas då det kan ge varierande uppehållstider av Cl- och Clorg i mark. Denna information är viktig vid riskbedömningar av hur radioaktivt klor kan spridas och cirkulera vid en eventuell kärnkraftsolycka.

Natural Production of Organohalogen Compounds

Author : Gordon W. Gribble
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540452931
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Production of Organohalogen Compounds by : Gordon W. Gribble

Download or read book Natural Production of Organohalogen Compounds written by Gordon W. Gribble and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-07-25 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge on naturally occurring organohalogens, of which more than 3700 are documented. The chapters cover all aspects of this field, including the structural diversity and sources of organohalogens, the mechanisms for their formation and biodegradation, the clinical use of dichloroacetate, and the synthesis of the powerful anticancer chlorine-containing cryptophycin. Both biogenic and abiogenic sources of organohalogens are treated, the latter of which include volcanic emissions and abiogenic formation in soil. Halogenation in humans, fungi, and in the ocean are covered in separate chapters. Sources and biosynthesis of the relatively rare natural organofluorines are also discussed in this volume. By better understanding of the role nature plays in the area of organohalogens, we can more intelligently regulate the production, use, and disposal of man-made organohalogen compounds.

Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds

Author : A. Douglas Kinghorn
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031266293
Total Pages : 553 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds by : A. Douglas Kinghorn

Download or read book Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds written by A. Douglas Kinghorn and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-24 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number — from fewer than 25 in 1968 — to approximately 8,000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.

Lake Pavin

Author : Télesphore Sime-Ngando
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319399616
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Lake Pavin by : Télesphore Sime-Ngando

Download or read book Lake Pavin written by Télesphore Sime-Ngando and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents the first multidisciplinary scientific work on a deep volcanic maar lake in comparison with other similar temperate lakes. The syntheses of the main characteristics of Lake Pavin are, for the first time, set in a firmer footing comparative approach, encompassing regional, national, European and international aquatic science contexts. It is a unique lake because of its permanently anoxic monimolimnion, and furthermore, because of its small surface area, its substantially low human influence, and by the fact that it does not have a river inflow. The book reflects the scientific research done on the general limnology, history, origin, volcanology and geological environment as well as on the geochemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Other chapters focus on the biology and microbial ecology whereas the sedimentology and paleolimnology are also given attention. This volume will be of special interest to researchers and advanced students, primarily in the fields of limnology, biogeochemistry, and aquatic ecology.

Radioactivity in the Terrestrial Environment

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080474892
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (748 download)

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Book Synopsis Radioactivity in the Terrestrial Environment by :

Download or read book Radioactivity in the Terrestrial Environment written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Radioactivity in the Environment Series addresses the key aspects of this socially important and complex interdisciplinary subject. Presented objectively and with the ultimate authority gained from the many contributions by the world's leading experts, the negative and positive consequences of having a radioactive world around us is documented and given perspective. In a world in which nuclear science is not only less popular than in the past, but also less extensively taught in universities and colleges, this book series will fill a significant educational gap. Radioactivity in the Terrestrial Environment presents an updated and critical review of designing, siting, constructing and demonstrating the safety and environmental impact of deep repositories for radioactive wastes. It is structured to provide a broad perspective of this multi-faceted, multi-disciplinary topic providing enough detail for a non-specialist to understand the fundamental principles involved. Contains extensive references to sources of more detailed information Provides a detailed summary of radioactivity in terrestrial ecosystems, providing a substantial and essential reference on the subject Discusses lesser-known sources of radiation exposure that provide useful information for those seeking to place environmental radioactivity into perspective

Inventory of Energy Research and Development, 1973-1975: Indexes and appendices

Author : Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1462 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Inventory of Energy Research and Development, 1973-1975: Indexes and appendices by : Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Download or read book Inventory of Energy Research and Development, 1973-1975: Indexes and appendices written by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Inventory of Energy Research and Development, 1973-1975

Author : Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1442 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Inventory of Energy Research and Development, 1973-1975 by : Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Download or read book Inventory of Energy Research and Development, 1973-1975 written by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Elements of Environmental Pollution

Author : John Rieuwerts
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135126720
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis The Elements of Environmental Pollution by : John Rieuwerts

Download or read book The Elements of Environmental Pollution written by John Rieuwerts and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental pollution is one of humanity’s most pressing issues and will remain so for the foreseeable future. Anthropogenic activity is disturbing natural cycles and generating pollutants that are altering the atmosphere, accumulating in the food chain and contaminating the world’s soils, rivers and oceans. Human health and ecosystems continue to be damaged by toxic metals, persistent organic pollutants, radionuclides and other hazardous materials. The Elements of Environmental Pollution provides comprehensive coverage of this essential subject. It explains the key principles of pollution science, assesses human disturbances of natural element cycles and describes local and global pollution impacts, from smoggy cities, polluted lakes and toxic soils to climate change, ocean acidification and marine dead zones. The book is informed by the latest pollution research and benefits from numerous real-world examples and international case studies. A comprehensive glossary provides clear and concise explanations of key concepts. This textbook will support teaching and learning in environment-related university courses and will be vital reading for anyone with an interest in environmental protection.

Environmental Protection Research Catalog: Indexes

Author : Smithsonian Science Information Exchange
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1472 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Protection Research Catalog: Indexes by : Smithsonian Science Information Exchange

Download or read book Environmental Protection Research Catalog: Indexes written by Smithsonian Science Information Exchange and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria

Author : Lorenz Adrian
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662498758
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria by : Lorenz Adrian

Download or read book Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria written by Lorenz Adrian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning bacteria that use halogenated organic compounds as respiratory electron acceptors. The discovery of organohalide-respiring bacteria has expanded the range of electron acceptors used for energy conservation, and serves as a prime example of how scientific discoveries are enabling innovative engineering solutions that have transformed remediation practice. Individual chapters provide in-depth background information on the discovery, isolation, phylogeny, biochemistry, genomic features, and ecology of individual organohalide-respiring genera, including Dehalococcoides, Dehalogenimonas, Dehalobacter, Desulfitobacterium and Sulfurospirillum, as well as organohalide-respiring members of the Deltaproteobacteria. The book introduces readers to the fascinating biology of organohalide-respiring bacteria, offering a valuable resource for students, engineers and practitioners alike.

Environmental Geochemistry

Author : B. Sherwood Lollar
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080446431
Total Pages : 652 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (464 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Geochemistry by : B. Sherwood Lollar

Download or read book Environmental Geochemistry written by B. Sherwood Lollar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-05-21 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Treatise on Geochemistry is the first work providing a comprehensive, integrated summary of the present state of geochemistry. It deals with all the major subjects in the field, ranging from the chemistry of the solar system to environmental geochemistry. The Treatise on Geochemistry has drawn on the expertise of outstanding scientists throughout the world, creating the reference work in geochemistry for the next decade. Each volume consists of fifteen to twenty-five chapters written by recognized authorities in their fields, and chosen by the Volume Editors in consultation with the Executive Editors. Particular emphasis has been placed on integrating the subject matter of the individual chapters and volumes. Elsevier also offers the Treatise on Geochemistry in electronic format via the online platform ScienceDirect, the most comprehensive database of academic research on the Internet today, enhanced by a suite of sophisticated linking, searching and retrieval tools.

Ecological consequences of climate change in boreal marginal seas

Author : Agneta Andersson
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832548520
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecological consequences of climate change in boreal marginal seas by : Agneta Andersson

Download or read book Ecological consequences of climate change in boreal marginal seas written by Agneta Andersson and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-04-29 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Radionuclides in the Environment

Author : David A. Atwood
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118632699
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Radionuclides in the Environment by : David A. Atwood

Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by David A. Atwood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear energy is the one energy source that could meet the world's growing energy needs and provide a smooth transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy in the coming decades and centuries. It is becoming abundantly clear that an increase in nuclear energy capacity will, and probably must, take place. However, nuclear energy and the use of radionuclides for civilian and military purposes lead to extremely long-lived waste that is costly and highly problematic to deal with. Therefore, it is critically important ot understand the environmental implications of radionuclides for ecosystems and human health if nuclear energy is to be used to avoid the impending global energy crisis. The present volume of the EIC Books series addresses this critical need by providing fundamental information on environmentally significant radionuclides. The content of this book was developed in collaboration with many of the authors of the chapters. Given the enormity of the subject the Editor and the Authors had to be judicious in selecting the chapters that would appropriately encompass and describe the primary topics, particularly those that are of importance to the health of ecosystems and humans. The resulting chapters were chosen to provide this information in a book of useful and appropriate length. Each chapter provides fundamental information on the chemistry of the radionuclides, their occurrence and movement in the enivornment, separation and analyses, and the technologies needed for their remediation and mitigation. The chapters are structured with a common, systematic format in order to facilitate comparions between elements and groups of elements. About EIC Books The Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry (EIC) has proved to be one of the defining standards in inorganic chemistry, and most chemistry libraries around the world have access either to the first of second print editon, or to the online version. Many readers, however, prefer to have more concise thematic volumes, targeted to their specific area of interest. This feedback from EIC readers has encouraged the Editors to plan a series of EIC Books, focusing on topics of current interest. They will appear on a regular basis, and will feature leading scholars in their fields. Like the Encyclopedia, EIC Books aims to provide both the starting research student and the confirmed research worker with a critical distillation of the leading concepts in inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry, and provide a structured entry into the fields covered. This volume is also available as part of Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 5 Volume Set. This set combines all volumes published as EIC Books from 2007 to 2010, representing areas of key developments in the field of inorganic chemistry published in the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. Find out more.

Environmental Health Science

Author : Morton Lippmann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195083741
Total Pages : 559 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Health Science by : Morton Lippmann

Download or read book Environmental Health Science written by Morton Lippmann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-08-14 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a unified treatment of the chemical and physical stresses in our common environment. Anyone who has a basic familiarity with college-level biology, chemistry, and physics can gain from it an appreciation of the complex issues that influence the release and dispersion of chemical and physical agents, their effects on the environment and health, and how we can protect ourselves and the environment from unacceptable risks.

Chlorine and the Environment

Author : Ruth Stringer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401598134
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Chlorine and the Environment by : Ruth Stringer

Download or read book Chlorine and the Environment written by Ruth Stringer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to examine comprehensively the chlorine industry and its effects on the environment. It covers not only the history of chlorine production, but also looks at its products, their effects on the global environment, and the international legislation which controls their use, release, and disposal. Individual chapters are dedicated to subjects such as releases of organochlorines into the environment, and the environmental impact of ozone depletion, providing simple explanations of these complex issues. These are backed up with case studies of landmark events in the history of the chlorine industry - for example the Seveso explosion or the Yusho and Yu-Cheng mass poisonings. With a clear, concise text and numerous compilations of critical data, this book will prove an invaluable source reference for environmental scientists, students, and policy makers with an interest in this subject.

Energy Flows, Material Cycles and Global Development

Author : Georg Schaub
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642127363
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Flows, Material Cycles and Global Development by : Georg Schaub

Download or read book Energy Flows, Material Cycles and Global Development written by Georg Schaub and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-13 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with the global flows of energy and materials, and changes caused by human activities. Based on these facts, the limitations of anthropogenic energy and material flows and the resulting consequences for the development of human societies are discussed. Different scenarios for lifestyle patterns are correlated with the world ́s future development of energy supply and climate. The book provides a process engineering approach to the Earth system and global development. It requires basic understanding of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, and provides an insight into the complex matter for readers ranging from undergraduate students to experts.

Inventory of Federal Energy-related Environment and Safety Research for FY 1977

Author : United States. Department of Energy. Environmental Impacts Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Inventory of Federal Energy-related Environment and Safety Research for FY 1977 by : United States. Department of Energy. Environmental Impacts Division

Download or read book Inventory of Federal Energy-related Environment and Safety Research for FY 1977 written by United States. Department of Energy. Environmental Impacts Division and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: